TK/GCV系统体外诱导成纤维细胞凋亡

 在体外培养并鉴定增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞（ Ｆ Ｂ）的基础上,采用重组逆转录病毒 Ｇ Ｔ Ｋ 介导并联合应用 ｇａｎｃｉｃｌｏｖｉｒ 对 Ｆ Ｂ细胞进行体外杀伤,以探究 Ｔ Ｋ／ Ｇ Ｃ Ｖ 系统体外杀伤成纤维细胞的机制．经光镜、电镜及凝胶电泳等实验发现,在 Ｔ Ｋ／ Ｇ Ｃ Ｖ 对瘢痕成纤维细胞的杀伤过程中存在明显的细胞凋亡现象．这提示 Ｔ Ｋ／ Ｇ Ｃ Ｖ 系统对体外培养的瘢痕成纤维细胞的杀伤作用部分是通过细胞凋亡途径实现的．     

重组逆转录病毒载体GTK的构建及HyTK基因转移的研究

用逆转录病毒载体将单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因（ＨＳＶｔｋ）导入恶性肿瘤细胞,随后可应用药物９－（１,３－二羟基－丙氧基－甲基）鸟嘌呤（ｇａｎｃｉｃｌｏｖｉｒ,ＧＣＶ）选择性地杀死肿瘤细胞．将ＨｙＴＫ基因替换逆转录病毒载体ＧｌＮａ中的ｎｅｏ基因,构建成重组逆转录病毒载体ＧＴＫ,转染混合包装细胞（双噬性ＰＡ３１７细胞和单噬性ＧＰ＋Ｅ－８６细胞）,通过“乒乓效应”获得高滴度重组病毒．用该重组病毒转染小鼠恶性黑色素瘤细胞系Ｂ１６细胞,用ｈｙｇｒｏｍｙｃｉｎＢ筛选出阳性细胞克隆（ＨｙＴＫ＋）,经ＰＣＲ方法检测证明ＨｙＴＫ基因已成功地导入肿瘤细胞中,且不含可复制的辅助病毒．分别用不同浓度的ＧＣＶ作用于ＨｙＴＫ－及ＨｙＴＫ＋的Ｂ１６细胞,光镜下观察２４ｈ和４８ｈ后细胞形态及进行活细胞计数．结果表明,ＧＣＶ浓度大于０．１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时即对Ｂ１６／ＨｙＴＫ＋细胞有显著的杀伤作用     

细胞松驰素B促微丝解聚对DNA合成的作用

利用微丝（ｍｉｃｒｏｆｉｌａｍｅｎｔ,ＭＦ）解聚药物细胞松驰素Ｂ（ｃｙｔｏｃｈａｌａｓｉｎＢ,ＣＢ）处理Ｇ_０期小鼠Ｃ_３Ｈ_（１０）Ｔ_（１／２）成纤维细胞,对Ｇ_０至Ｓ期ＤＮＡ合成,胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶（ｔｈｙｍｉｄｉｎｅｋｉｎａｓｅ,ＴＫ）活性、ＴＫ基因表达、钙调素（ｃａｌｍｏｄｕｌｉｎ,ＣａＭ）水平和一些细胞周期早期基因的表达进行了观察,Ｇ_０期细胞经３ｍｇ／ＬＣＢ处理２ｈ,促ＭＦ解聚增强了血清对Ｓ期细胞ＴＫ活性、ＴＫ基因表达和ＤＮＡ合成的刺激作用,并促进细胞提前进入Ｓ期．血清刺激Ｇ_０期细胞进入晚Ｇ_１期和Ｓ期时,ＣａＭ水平明显升高,而ＣＢ预处理则使ＣａＭ含量进一步增加,特别是ＣＢ处理促使Ｓ期ＣａＭ增加向核内转移．ＣＢ处理明显增强血清对ｃ－ｊｕｎ、ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达的刺激作用,而ＰＫＣ抑制剂Ｈ_７则抑制ＣＢ处理对这些基因转录的刺激作用,说明ＣＢ使Ｇ_０期细胞ＭＦ解聚刺激ｃ－ｊｕｎ、ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ的转录活性与ＰＫＣ的作用有关．结果表明Ｇ_０至Ｓ期早期ＭＦ的重组可促进细胞进入Ｓ期,增强ＤＮＡ合成．     

腺病毒载体介导的肝癌细胞专一性自杀基因表达

构建由肝癌细胞专一的ａｆｐ基因表达调节元件控制自杀基因ＨＳＶ－ｔｋ的穿梭质粒,将它与缺陷型腺病毒载体重组,得到ＡｄｒＡＦＰＴＫ病毒。经ＰＣＲ及Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交等证实它们含ａｆｐ元件和ｔｋ基因。空斑形成试验表明病毒效价达１×１０１５ｐｆｕ／Ｌ。同时构建由ＣＭＶ启动子控制ｔｋ基因的类似载体作为对照。将这两个重组腺病毒分别感染ＡＦＰ阳性（ＨｅｐＧ２）或阴性（ＨｅＬａ,ＢＲＬ－３Ａ）细胞株（ｍ．ｏ．ｉ．＝１００）,以丙氧鸟苷（ｇａｎｃｉｃｌｏｖｉｒ,ＧＣＶ）处理后,用ＭＴＴ法测定杀伤细胞的效应。结果,ＡｄＣＭＶＴＫ感染这三种细胞后,ＧＣＶ半杀伤浓度分别为１．３、２、＜１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ;但是,ＡｄｒＡＦＰＴＫ感染的ＨｅＬａ和ＢＲＬ－３Ａ细胞的ＧＣＶ半杀伤浓度都＞１０００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,而对ＨｅｐＧ２细胞只有＜１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,表现出极高的细胞专一性。重组腺病毒ＡｄｒＡＦＰＴＫ可望用于肝癌的专一性基因治疗     

胸苷激酶基因治疗胃癌的体外实验

将单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因（ＨＳＶ－ｔｋ）导入恶性肿瘤细胞,随后可应用药物丙氧鸟苷（ｇａｎｃｉｃｌｏｖｉｒ, ＧＣＶ）选择性杀死肿瘤细胞．构建了含胸苷激酶与潮霉素磷酸转移酶（ｈｐｈ）融和基因（ＨｙｔＫ）的真核表达载体ＬＸｐｓｐ－ＨｙｔＫ．以脂质体（ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ）为介导,将这种质粒与仅含潮霉素Ｂ基因的质粒ＬＸＳＨ 分别转染胃癌细胞系ＢＧＣ－８２３,用６０ Ｕ／ｍ ｌ潮霉素Ｂ进行筛选,得到了可稳定传代的阳性克隆,分别命名为ＢＧＣ－ＨｙｔＫ 和ＢＧＣ－Ｈｙ．三种细胞的生长曲线无明显差别．用不同浓度的ＧＣＶ 分别作用于ＢＧＣ－ＨｙｔＫ, ＢＧＣ－Ｈｙ 及ＢＧＣ－８２３,０．０２～２００ μｇ／ｍ ｌ 的ＧＣＶ 对ＢＧＣ－ＨｙｔＫ 细胞有明显的杀伤作用（ＩＣ５０＝ ０．０２ μｇ／ｍ ｌ）,而对另外两种细胞几乎无毒性作用（ＩＣ５０＞ ２００μｇ／ｍ ｌ）．２０ μｇ／ｍ ｌＧＣＶ 作用９６ ｈ 后,仅存在２０％ 的ＢＧＣ－ＨｙｔＫ 就可使周围的大部分ＨＳＶ－ｔｋ－ 的肿瘤细胞死亡,说明存在较显著的“旁观者效应”     

抗菌肽与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子基因的融合及其在酵母中的表达

从重组质粒ｒＢＳ上切下柞蚕抗菌肽Ｄ基因片段,切去终止密码后连接到重组穿梭质粒ｐＶＴ－ＧＦ上碱性成纤维细胞生长因子ｃＤＮＡ的５′端,使密码框正确排列,构建成融合基因重组质粒ｐＶＴ－ＣＤＧＦ,转化到酵母中进行表达。转化子酵母蛋白粗提物用Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＫ１２Ｄ３１作指示菌进行抑菌圈测试,初步检出具有抑菌活性,用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测证明其具有碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的抗原性。     

抗菌肽与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子基因的融合及其在酵母中的表达

从重组质粒ｒＢＳ上切下柞蚕抗菌肽Ｄ基因片段,切去终止密码后连接到重组穿梭质粒ｐＶＴ－ＧＦ上碱上成纤维细胞生长因子ｃＤＮＡ的５′端,使密码框正确排列,构建成融合 组质粒ｐＶＴ－ＣＤＧＦ,转化到酵母中进行表达。转化子酵母蛋白粗提物用Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＫ１２Ｄ３１作指示菌进行抑菌圈测试,初步检出具有换菌活性,用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测证明其具有碱性成纤细胞生长因子的抗原性。     

转TK基因的人结肠癌细胞对多种原药敏感性的研究

构建了含有单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因（ＨＳＶ－ＴＫ）的重组逆转录病毒载体ＬＴＫＳＮ,经ＰＡ３１７细胞包装后,感染人结肠癌细胞株ＬｏＶｏ．用Ｇ４１８筛选到稳定表达ＨＳＶ－ＴＫ基因的细胞克隆ＬｏＶｏ／ＬＴＫＳＮ,ＬｏＶｏ／ＬＴＫＳＮ与野生型ＬｏＶｏ细胞相比,生长曲线无明显差异,细胞形态亦无改变,细胞毒试验证明ＬｏＶｏ／ＬＴＫＳＮ对ＧＣＶ的敏感性很高,半杀伤浓度ＩＣ５０为０．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,比野生型细胞提     

表达LacZ基因重组火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT）的构建

将不含任何启动子的Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＬａｃＺ基因,插入火鸡疱疹平素ＦＣ－１２６株胸苷激酶编码区末尾的ＮｈｅⅠ位点,构建成转移载体质粒ｐＴＫＬａｃＺ。用此质粒和ＨＶＴ感染的细胞基因组总ＤＮＡ共感染鸡胚成纤维细胞,在Ｘ－ｇａｌ存在下,通过蓝斑筛选,分离到重组体ＨＶＴ。ｒＨＶＴ与野生型ＨＶＴ－ＦＣ－１２６株在ＣＥＦ中的生长特性完全相似,且在连续传代过程中能稳定表达ＬａｃＺ基因。     

细胞松弛素B促微丝解聚对DNA合成的作用

利用微丝（ＭＦ）解聚药物细胞松弛素Ｂ（ＣＢ）处理Ｇ０期小鼠Ｃ３Ｈ１０Ｔ１／２成纤维细胞,对Ｇ０至Ｓ期ＤＮＡ合成,胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶（ＴＫ）活性、ＴＫ基因表达、钙调素（ＣａＭ）水平和一些细胞周期早期基因的表达进行了观察。Ｇ０期细胞经３ｍｇ／ＬＣＢ处理２ｈ,促ＭＦ解聚增强了血清对Ｓ期细胞ＴＫ活性、ＴＫ基因表达和ＤＮＡ合成的刺激作用,并促进细胞提前进入Ｓ期。血清刺激Ｇ０期细胞进入晚Ｇ１期和Ｓ期时,ＣａＭ     

带HSV—tk基因的重组腺病毒基因治疗小鼠B16黑色素瘤的实验研究

我父成功开展了携带单纯疹疹Ⅰ型病毒胸腺嘧啶激酶基因（Ｈｅｒｐｅｓｓｉｍｐｌｅｘｖｉｒｕｓｔｈｙ－ｍｎｉｄｉｎｅｋｉｎａｓｅ,ＨＳＶ－ｔｋ）的复制缺陷型重组腺病毒Ａｄ（ＨＳＶ－ｔｋ）结合使用ＧＣＶ治疗Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠Ｂ１６黑色素瘤的离体及动物试验。     

Retrovirus—mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene therapy approach for hepatocellular carcinoma

INTRODUCTI0NHepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)is0ne0fthem0stc0mm0nhumanmalignancies,causinganestimatedl,250,OOOdeatht0llperyearworldwide[1].Thep0orprognosisencounteredintreatment0fsuchcarcinomaismainlycausedbylatediagn0sisandinsufficiency0feffectivestrategies,especiallyforadvanced-stagedpatients.However,recentknowledge0fpathogenesisofHCCatm0lecularlevelprovidesanalternativeappr0achwhenc0nsideringgenetherapyastreatmelltf0rHCC.Am0ngthevari0usgenetherapystrategiesincancer)itwaJsrep0rtedthatth…     

Selective gene therapy for human lung adenocarcinoma by tumor-specific expression of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene

According to the fact that CEA gene expressed only in lung adenocarcinoma but not in normal lung cells, a retroviral expression vector (pCEATK) of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene regulated by CEA promoter was constructed and introduced into CEA-producing human lung adenocarcinoma cells GL and non-CEA-producing HeLa cells. The expression of pCEATK and Ganciclovir (GCV) sensitivity of the transfected cells were tested in vitro and in vivo . pCEATK expressed only in CEA-producing GL cells but not in non-CEA-producing HeLa cells. The sensitivity to GCV of pCEATK-transfected GL was 992 times higher compared with that of the parental cell line and there was obvious "bystander effect" in vitro. HeLa cells transfected wtih pCEATK were still resistant to GCV. Injection of GCV resulted in significant regression of pCEATK-transfected GL tumors in nude mice. In addition, all mice with any fraction of GL cells expressing HSV-TK exhibited a significant reduction in tumor growth, including mice     

转TK基因的人结肠癌细胞对多种原药敏感性的研究

构建了含有单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因（HSV-TK）的重组逆转录病毒载体LTKSN．经PA317细胞包装后,感染人结肠癌细胞株LoVo．用G418筛选到稳定表达HSV-TK基因的细胞克隆LoVo／LTKSN．LoVo／LTKSN与野生型LoVo细胞相比,生长曲线无明显差异,细胞形态亦无改变．细胞毒试验证明LoVo／LTKSN对GCV的敏感性很高,半杀伤浓度IC50为0.5μmol/L,比野生型细胞提高了4000倍以上．三种不同的原药GCV,ACV和BVDU对LoLo／LTKSN具有效果不等的杀伤作用．BVDU和GCV联合作用效果更好．旁杀伤效果十分明显,低浓度GCV就可以将合10%LoVo／LTKSN的混合细胞中的大部分肿瘤细胞杀死．     

Suicide gene therapy of human hepatoma and its peritonitis carcinomatosis by a vector of replicative-deficient herpes simplex virus

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) deleted for the immediate-early gene was applied for treatment of hepatoma cells of SKHep 1 and Huh-7. Hepatoma cells were cultured in medium containing HSV1 expressing GFP gene (QOZ/HG) to determine its transfection rate, and both cell lines infected by MOI 1 of QOZ/HG were found to have high expression of GFP without cytotoxicity. Subcutaneous growth of SKHep 1 cell tumor in nude mice was significantly reduced by injection of replicative-deficient herpes virus (TOZ.1) containing Tk-gene with administration of GCV, in comparison with that of noninjected tumor. SCID mice of peritonitis carcinomatosis due to Huh-7 hepatoma cells infected with TOZ.1 could survive longer under administration of GCV than those without TOZ.1. Therefore replicative-deficient HSV1 is a useful vector for treatment of human hepatoma cells, and TOZ.1 with GCV may be applied to suicide gene therapy for hepatoma and peritonitis carcinomatosis of hepatoma cells.     

Differential ganciclovir-mediated cell killing by glutamine 125 mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase

The therapeutic combination of the herpesvirus simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (TK) gene and the prodrug, ganciclovir (GCV), has found great utility for the treatment of many types of cancer. After initial phosphorylation of GCV by HSV-1 TK, cellular kinases generate the toxic GCV-triphosphate metabolite that is incorporated into DNA and eventually leads to tumor cell death. The cellular and pharmacological mechanisms by which metabolites of GCV lead to cell death are still poorly defined. To begin to address these mechanisms, different mutated forms of HSV-1 TK at residue Gln-125 that have distinct substrate properties were expressed in mammalian cell lines. It was found that expression of the Asn-125 HSV-1 TK mutant in two cell lines, NIH3T3 and HCT-116, was equally effective as wild-type HSV-1 TK for metabolism and sensitivity to GCV, bystander effect killing and induction of apoptosis. The major difference between the two enzymes was the lack of deoxypyrimidine metabolism in the Asn-125 TK-expressing cells. In HCT-116 cells expressing the Glu-125 TK mutant, GCV metabolism was greatly attenuated, yet at higher GCV concentrations, cell sensitivity to the drug and bystander effect killing were diminished but still effective. Cell cycle analysis, 4', 6'-diamidine-2'-phenylindoledihydrochloride staining, and caspase 3 activation assays indicated different cell death responses in the Glu-125 TK-expressing cells as compared with the wild-type HSV-1 TK or Asn-125 TK-expressing cells. A mechanistic hypothesis to explain these results based on the differences in GCV-triphosphate metabolite levels is presented.