响应面法优化白及多糖的提取和醇沉工艺

白及多糖的生物活性近来引起了人们的高度关注,本研究旨在对白及多糖的水提醇沉工艺进行系统的优化,为白及多糖的深入研究提供理论基础。在单因素试验的基础上,本实验采用基于BBD (Box-Benhnken Design)的响应面法,分别对回流提取工艺和醇沉工艺进行优化。对回流提取工艺的优化以回流提取率为评价指标,得到最优回流提取工艺为提取时间3 h,提取温度100℃,料液比例为1:34 (g:mL);对醇沉工艺的优化以醇沉分离率为评价指标,得到最优醇沉工艺为:乙醇浓度85%,醇胶比例8:1 (g:g),醇沉时间6 h;在此条件下,提取率达到26.44%。     

响应面分析法优化当归粗多糖提取工艺

选取岷县当归药材为原料,采用水提醇沉法进行多糖提取,以当归粗多糖得率为指标,探讨加水量、回流提取时间、水提液的浓缩比、醇沉后所达含醇比例对当归多糖得率的影响。在单因素分析的基础上,采用响应面分析法(RSM)确定了当归粗多糖最佳提取条件为:加水量837.6 mL/100 g,浓缩后溶液体积为228.12 mL,最终含乙醇浓度为65.80%,回流提取时间2 h,在此条件下预测当归粗多糖得率理论的最佳值为10.44%,实际验证值为10.40%,两者相符,说明RSM法分析的可靠性。     

裂蹄木层孔菌多糖的提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

以多糖提取率为检测指标,采用水提醇沉法提取裂蹄木层孔菌多糖。正交实验考察提取温度、提取时间和料液比对多糖提取率的影响。结果显示,提取温度和料液比对多糖提取率有显著性影响,提取时间对多糖提取率无显著性影响。最佳提取工艺为提取温度80℃、提取时间2 h、料液比1∶40(g/m L)。在此条件下,多糖平均提取率为3.20%。选用终体积分数70%的乙醇沉淀多糖12 h时,多糖得率最高。体外抗氧化活性实验结果显示,裂蹄木层孔菌多糖的总抗氧化能力、清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的能力在实验范围内随着多糖质量浓度的增加而增强。裂蹄木层孔菌多糖是一种具有抗氧化功能的药用真菌多糖。     

正交试验法优化半夏多糖的提取工艺

目的:建立半夏多糖的最佳提取工艺.方法:采刚水提醇沉法,以多糖提取率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定半夏多糖的最住提取工艺条件.结果:最佳水提条件为料液比1:30,70℃提取1h,提取3次,最佳醇沉工艺条件为醇沉浓度70%,静置时间12h.在此条件下,半夏多糖的提取率为13.68%.结论:该工艺简便,重复性好,多糖的提取率高.     

黄酒中多糖的提取和分析

本文利用单因素和正交试验探究了黄酒中多糖提取工艺条件,并分析了黄酒多糖的化学组分。单因素实验结果表明,乙醇浓度在低于80%时,粗多糖的提取量随着乙醇浓度的增加而增加,高于80%时,粗多糖的量变化不大;醇沉时间到达第8 h时粗多糖的提取量基本达到稳定;在醇沉温度为10℃时粗多糖的量达到最大值。通过正交试验得到的黄酒多糖的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度为80%,醇沉时间为6 h,醇沉温度为5℃。进一步分析纯化后多糖的化学组分为中性糖含量为89.6%、糖醛酸含量为0.48%、蛋白质含量为4%。     

羊肚菌胞外多糖提取工艺研究

[目的]探究从羊肚菌发酵液中提取胞外多糖的最佳工艺。[方法]实验原料为羊肚菌发酵液,采用单因素实验的方法探究在不同醇沉浓度、醇沉温度、醇沉时间、醇沉p H的条件下,运用正交实验分析从羊肚菌发酵液中提取多糖的最佳工艺条件;根据实验结果,提取7 d中羊肚菌胞外多糖,分别绘制多糖变化曲线和菌丝体生物量曲线。[结果]通过对羊肚菌胞外多糖提取的研究得到最佳工艺条件为:醇沉浓度95%,醇沉温度-25℃,醇沉时间24 h,醇沉p H 7。[结论]利用优化后的实验条件得出,羊肚菌胞外多糖含量最高为0. 874 g/L,在一定程度上为羊肚菌胞外多糖的研究提供了依据,具有十分重要的意义。     

若羌大枣多糖提取及分离工艺研究

目的：确定大枣多糖提取分离工艺的参数。方法：采用热水浸提法取多糖,乙醇沉淀法分离多糖。对液固比、浸提时间、浸提温度进行了单因素和L9（3^3）正交实验,并对提取过程中影响提取率的因素进行了统计分析。对多糖浸提液浓缩倍数、乙醇沉淀体积、醇沉时间对大枣多糖得率的影响进行了研究。结果：最佳提取工艺条件为：提取时间6h,料水比1：24,提取温度90℃。最佳分离工艺：浓缩倍数为8倍,4倍体积乙醇,醇沉12h,大枣多糖的得率最大。结论：实验结果为新疆次级大枣的深加工提供了可参数据。     

基于改进熵权法结合TOPSIS模型和BPNN建模优化甘草多糖醇沉工艺

基于改进熵权法结合TOPSIS模型和BPNN建模寻求甘草多糖最佳醇沉工艺。在单因素试验基础上采用正交设计,以浓缩比、乙醇体积分数、醇沉时间为影响因素,甘草总糖、单糖、多糖含量及提取量为评价指标,利用改进熵权法确定评价指标权重,分别采用TOPSIS法和综合评分法处理正交结果,结果显示,TOPSIS法所得数据误差更小,最佳醇沉工艺为浓缩比为2.5 mL/g,乙醇体积分数为70%,醇沉时间为20 h。选取正交设计所得综合评分利用BPNN建模进行仿真寻优,得到最佳醇沉工艺为水提液浓缩至2.0 mL/g,调节乙醇体积分数为67%,醇沉24 h。所得最优工艺验证结果表明,BPNN建模所得综合评分误差更小,工艺更加稳定。该方法优选的最佳醇沉工艺稳定可行,可为甘草多糖进一步开发利用提供客观依据和新思路。     

祁白术多糖提取工艺研究

以蒽酮-硫酸比色法测多糖含量,以正交优选工艺条件进行验证提取并加样测定回收率,结果显示：水提最佳条件为料液比1∶10、水浴100℃、恒温3 h,沉淀得率为48.41%,可溶性糖含量为43.83%,可溶性糖得率为21.22%;水提后醇沉条件为药液浓缩为1.5mL药液/g生药、醇沉浓度达到90%、4℃冰箱24h,醇沉得率为31.28%。水提法料液比、水提温度影响有显著性（P〈0.05）、醇沉法醇沉浓度影响有显著性（P〈0.05）。工艺验证实验平均得率31.55%,RSD=1.57%;加样回收率平均98.00%,以优选工艺方法提取、较稳定可行。     

水提醇沉法提取半枝莲粗多糖中总糖含量的最佳工艺研究

目的：探求传统水提醇沉方法下提取半枝莲粗多糖中总糖最适高效提取方案。方法：通过传统方法以水提取有效成分,以醇除杂精制的方法,改变提取时间、温度、料液比等影响因素,对所获得的半枝莲粗多糖含量进行考查,并通过统计分析方法对工艺进行优化研究。结论：应用水提醇沉法提取半枝莲粗多糖中总糖含量的最佳工艺条件为：浸提温度100℃、料液比1∶3、浸提时间1h。     

Extraction Of Transvenous ICD Leads In An Over-ninety Years Old Patient

There is a general consensus that once a part of an implanted cardiac device becomes infected, it is usually impossible to cure the infection without completely removing all prosthetic material from the body. Consequently the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) included the pocket infection or erosion as a class I indication for pacemaker lead exctraction. However, the procedure still carries a high risk of life-threatening complications due to fibrotic attachments between leads, veins, valves or other endocardial structures, notwithstanding specific tools and techniques that have been developed to assist the lead removal, preventing tissue laceration.     

芦荟蒽醌类物质提取工艺的研究

以提取物中蒽醌类物质含量综合评价,利用正交实验比较了浸提、超声提取和索氏提取优选库拉索（Aloe vera L．）中蒽醌类物质的最佳提取工艺条件,为芦荟蒽醌类物质的开发提供科学依据和实验基础。从而得出最佳提取方法为超声提取,最佳醇沉工艺条件为：幼叶叶皮60目,乙醇40℃超声45min。     

闪提技术提取罗汉果甜甙

通过比较超声法、微波法及闪提法提取罗汉果甜甙的效率,发现闪提法具有较好的提取效果。通过正交试验优选得到罗汉果甜甙的最佳闪提条件为:料液比1∶20、转速6000 r/min、常温下提取4 min。最佳条件下甜甙提取率为10.057%,说明闪式提取技术是一种高效和低成本的提取方法。     

姜黄素的提取技术研究进展

姜黄素具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌等药理活性,高效便捷的提取方法是其药食价值开发的关键。本文综述了姜黄素的提取方法,包括有机溶剂提取、酸碱提取、水杨酸钠法提取、微波辅助提取、超声辅助提取、超高压提取、双水相萃取、酶提取、闪式提取、超临界CO2流体萃取等,比较各方法的优缺点,分析存在问题以及提取技术未来发展方向。     

A New Method for Rapid Extraction of High Quality RNA from Recalcitrant Tissues of Grapevine

A quick, inexpensive, and reliable protocol for the extraction of RNA from grapevine berry skins containing large quantities of polyphenols, procyanidins, and polysaccharides is described. The method involves an extraction step in the presence of ribonuclease inhibitors and compounds that compete with vacuolar contaminants for binding to RNA. After extraction with organic solvents, RNA is bound to a fibrous cellulose matrix and processed to eliminate the remaining contaminants and ribonucleases. Following this method, highly stable RNA, sufficiently pure for northern hybridizations and enzymatic processing, may be obtained from as little as 200 mg of starting amounts of fresh material and without multiple, time consuming precipitations or ultracentrifugation steps. This procedure may also prove useful for extracting RNA from recalcitrant tissues of other plant species. Abbreviations: ATA, aurintricarboxylic acid; CF11, cellulose fibrous medium (type 11); PVPP, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone; RT room temperature; VRC, vanadyl ribonucleoside complex.     

Process for selective extraction of pectins from plant material by differential pH

Extraction of natural hydrocolloid carbohydrate polymers, such as pectin, from plant matter is accomplished at somewhat elevated temperature and controlled conditions of acidity/alkalinity. In many cases the plant material contains a variety of different extractables, including non-polymeric carbohydrates (sugars) in addition to the pectins. Very recently two different kinds of pectin, a calcium-sensitive pectin (CSP) and a non-calcium-sensitive pectin (NCSP), have become interesting commercially. What is described in this work is a process to selectively extract NCSP and CSP by varying the pH of the extracting solution. In a first extraction with acidic aqueous solution, a pH between 3.0 and 3.3 without addition of polyvalent salt is sufficient to extract NCSP pectin. A second extraction under stronger acid conditions (pH of about 2.0) is sufficient to extract the remaining pectin, which is primarily CSP.     

Integrated separation process for isolation and purification of biosuccinic acid

Biotechnologically produced succinic acid has the potential to displace maleic acid and its uses. Therefore, it is of high interest for the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industry.In addition to optimized production strains and fermentation processes, an efficient separation of succinic acid from the aqueous fermentation broth is indispensable to compete with the current petrochemical production of succinic acid. Isolation and purification of succinic acid from an Escherichia coli fermentation broth were studied with two amine-based reactive extraction systems: (i) trihexylamine in 1-octanol and (ii) diisooctylamine and dihexylamine in a mixture of 1-octanol and 1-hexanol. Back extraction of succinic acid from the organic phase was carried out using an aqueous trimethylamine solution. The trimethylammonium succinate generated after back extraction was split with an evaporation-based crystallization.The focus was on process integration, for example, reuse of the applied amines for extraction and back extraction. It was shown that the maximum trimethylamine concentration for back extraction should not exceed the stoichiometric amount (2 mol trimethylamine/mol the succinic acid in the organic phase) to ensure maximal extraction yields with the reused organic phase in subsequent extractions. Moreover, mixer-settler extraction and back extraction of succinic acid were scaled up from the milliliter- to the liter-scale making use of liquid–liquid centrifuges. The overall yield was 83.5% of the succinic acid from thefermentation supernatant. The final purity of the succinic acid crystals was 99.5%. Organic phase and amines can easily be recycled and reused.     

一种适用于PCR反应的酵母菌、无绿藻及丝状真菌DNA提取方法

目的 介绍一种从酵母、无绿藻及丝状真菌中提取DNA以用于PCR反应的方法。方法 所用菌种包括临床分离的未知菌株和保藏菌株共23株：未知酵母菌（5株）、真皮毛孢子菌（1株）、糠秕马拉色菌（1株）、季也蒙念珠菌（5株）、未知丝状真菌（6株）、无绿藻（1株）、烟曲霉（2株）、拟青霉菌（1株）、茎点霉（1株）。用溶细胞酶（lyticase）结合Biospin真菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取基因组DNA,A260／A280检测纯度并计算质量浓度,用真菌通用引物ITS1／ITS4扩增真菌核糖体基因（rDNA）内转录间区ITS基因,经PCR扩增检验所提取的DNA质量。结果 成功提取所有23株真菌基因组DNA,其纯度及质量浓度能满足PCR反应的要求。结论 用溶细胞酶结合Biospin真菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒从酵母菌、无绿藻及丝状真菌提取的DNA可用于PCR反应。     

Chemical Extraction of Arsenic from Contaminated Soils in the Vicinity of Abandoned Mines and a Smelting Plant Under Subcritical Conditions

Under subcritical conditions, we studied the chemical extraction of arsenic (As) from contaminated soils that were sampled from the vicinity of abandoned mines and a smelting plant in South Korea. The total initial concentrations of As in the soil samples from the Myungbong and Cheongyang mines and the Janghang smelting plant were 298.6, 145.6, and 103.7 mg/kg, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the species of As identified in the soil was As(+V), including As₂O₅ and AsO₄ ^3? _. At 20°C, only 27.4, 26.5, and 40.1% of the total As was extracted from the Myungbong, Cheongyang, and Janghang soil samples, respectively, with 100 mM of NaOH. As the temperature was increased to 300°C, the extraction efficiencies remarkably increased. However, to achieve the complete extraction of As from the soils, 100 mM of citric acid, EDTA, or NaOH was needed at 200, 250, or 300°C. Extraction with subcritical water at 300°C resulted in incomplete extraction of As from the soils. The results of these experiments indicate that extraction mechanisms other than oxidative dissolution of As(+III) species may be responsible for the enhancement of As extraction. Our results suggest that subcritical water extraction combined with extracting reagents can effectively remediate As-contaminated soil regardless of the As species.     

Transvenous Lead Extraction (TLE) Procedure: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in Thailand

BackgroundTransvenous Lead Extraction (TLE) is a standard treatment for some late Cardiac Implantable Electronics Device (CIED) complications. The outcome of transvenous lead extraction procedure in Thailand is not robust.MethodsA Single-center retrospective cohort of TLE procedures performed at Ramathibodi hospital between January 2008 and December 2020 was studied.ResultsThere were 157 leads from 105 patients who underwent lead removal procedure during the specified period. Data analysis was performed from 79 TLE patients due to incomplete data and lead explant procedure of the excluded subjects. Mean patients’ age was 57.7 ± 18.7 years, with 70.9% male. There were 82 pacemaker leads, 35 ICD leads, and 5 CS leads (mean number of leads were 1.54 ± 0.66 per patient), with mean implanted duration of 87.8 ± 68.2 months. Main indication for TLE was infection-related, which accounted for 67.1% of the cases.Overall clinical success rate was 97.5%. Mean operative time was 163.8 ± 69.5 min. Major complications occurred in 4 patients (5.1%) with one in-hospital mortality from severe sepsis.ConclusionTLE using laser sheath and rotating mechanical sheath for transvenous lead extraction is effective and safe, even outside high-volume center.