甲醇诱导条件和方式对乙肝表面抗原产率的影响

发酵条件是影响汉逊酵母表达乙肝表面抗原的重要因素,通过对甲醇诱导浓度、方式及诱导周期的调控,研究了不同发酵条件对汉逊酵母表达乙肝表面抗原的影响。结果表明：控制甲醇流加速率15ml／h、甲醇诱导周期40h有利于发酵过程中乙肝表面抗原产率的提高。在发酵末期,细胞浓度最高达410mg／ml,抗原水平达46mg/l。     

重组乙肝疫苗纯度高效液相层析(HPLC)测定方法的改进

为建立重组汉逊酵母乙肝疫苗HPLC检定方法,应用TSK－G5000PW检测系统测定汉逊酵母重组乙肝疫苗表面抗原的纯度,对不同样品处理液的配比浓度和处理时间分别进行了探讨,作者选用DTT／Tween-80作为样品处理效果优于DTT＋Tween-20,1:50Tween-80与0.1mol/L等量混合为样品处理液的适宜浓度。样品处理液与等量样品混匀时间介于35s-2min时,HPLC分离效果好,结果稳定。该处理液及处理时间对CHO细胞及Merck酿酒酵母重组乙肝疫苗表面抗原的HPLC纯度测定无影响。结果表明：现有的HPLC检测系统用0.1mol/L DTT与1：50 Tween-80等量混合处理后能有效地检测不同类型重组乙肝疫苗表面抗原的纯度。     

一种融合抗体ScFv-Fc通用表达载体的构建

为了构建一个可供自由替换的ScFv区,表达人小分子融合抗体ScFv-Fc的通用载体,利用RT-PCR技术扩增人抗体IgG1的Fc片段克隆至毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZα,将一段人工合成的互补寡核苷酸链插入重组载体pPICZα/Fc中Fc区的上游,引入2个可供小分子抗体ScFv-Fc的ScFv区自由替换的限制性酶切位点。分别扩增人抗狂犬病毒以及抗乙型肝炎表面抗原的ScFv片段,克隆至已构建的通用载体pPICZα/Fc,在毕赤酵母中诱导表达。进一步在1L条件下对活性抗体进行发酵,并利用protein A亲和层析柱进行纯化。应用酵母基因组PCR、ELISA、Western blotting、活性检测等试验对此小分子抗体的表达进行生物学及免疫学分析。结果表明具有狂犬病毒抗原结合活性以及乙肝表面抗原结合活性的人源抗体分子均获得成功表达,1L发酵条件下表达量达到20~30mg/L, protein A亲和层析纯化后纯度＞95%。研究构建了可用于功能性抗体分子ScFv-Fc筛选和表达的通用载体并对其发酵、纯化条件进行了摸索,为重组抗体分子诊断、治疗试剂的开发以及抗体的人源化奠定了物质基础。     

红酵母超高压突变体的类胡萝卜素提取及特性研究

采用酸-热法破壁和丙酮为提取溶剂,在所优化的最佳组合条件下,从红酵母超高压突变株提取类胡萝卜素,平均提取率可达718.1μg/g干细胞。色素粗提物采用柱色谱分离纯化后,通过薄层色谱（TLC）、紫外光谱和HPLC进行分析,发现该酵母突变体的发酵产物至少含β-胡萝卜素、园酵母素和红酵母红素等3种色素,其中β-胡萝卜素含量最多,超过50%的比例。该色素提取物的光热稳定性好于先前报道的同类色素;体外清除自由基实验也表明该类胡萝卜素提取物具有良好的抗氧化活性。因此,利用该突变株发酵生产类胡萝卜素值得进一步研究和开发。     

一条新的柱层析纯化路径对HBsAg免疫原性的影响

摘要目的：建立一条新的毕赤酵母表达乙肝表面抗原（HepatitisBantigen,HBsAg）柱层析纯化方法,保持HBsAg结构完整性和提高免疫原性。方法：毕赤酵母发酵料液经过菌体破碎、聚乙二醇沉淀、疏水层析、超滤和凝胶分子筛精纯,收集HBsAg合格样品液适当稀释后加入铝佐荆吸附,制成乙肝疫苗半成品免疫BALB／c小鼠。结果：纯化产物经SDS-PAGE银染鉴定得单一条带,分子量在23kD左右,凝胶成像软件分析纯度超过95％;该纯化方法得到的HBsAg颗粒电镜观察得平均直径为22nm病毒样颗粒,结构较均一完整;自制疫苗免疫小鼠后,其血清抗体水平高于葛兰素史克生产的Engerix—B（安在时）,存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：通过该方法纯化的HBsAg结构完整性良好,疫苗免疫效果优于酵母表达的Engerix—B,纯化路径简单高效,易于放大用于工业化生产。     

重组双功能水蛭素的发酵、纯化和鉴定

构建了重组双功能水蛭素 ( Recombinant-RGD-Hirudin、 r-RGD-Hirudin ) cDNA 的表达质粒 RGD-Hirudin-pPIC9K,转化入毕赤酵母中,经筛选得到高表达的阳性克隆。种子菌经过3d发酵培养,其培养液上清经超滤浓缩、凝胶过滤层析和离子交换层析后,得到纯度大于97%、比活性为 12000 ATU/mg 的 r-RGD-Hirudin,回收率大于60%,发酵产率为 1 g/L。纯化后的 r-RGD-Hirudin 经过还原SDS-PAGE,抗凝血酶活力分析、抗血小板聚集分析、质谱分析及等电聚焦分析等方法鉴定,证明该表达产物为水蛭素的衍生物,具有抗凝血酶和抗血小板聚集双重功能。     

毕赤酵母工程菌表达乙肝表面抗原结合蛋白(SBP)的发酵纯化工艺研究

乙肝表面抗原结合蛋白(HBsAg binding protein,SBP)是以HBsAg为探针,通过人肝cDNA噬菌体表达库筛选的一种人源蛋白。SBP可特异性结合乙肝表面抗原(Hepatitis B virus surface antigen, HBsAg),增强乙肝疫苗的免疫效果,是一种潜在快速高效的免疫佐剂。成功构建了分泌型高表达SBP的毕赤酵母工程菌。对该菌株进行了放大规模发酵表达,并对纯化工艺进行了研究。在发酵实时检测过程中,自诱导剂甲醇加入开始,SBP蛋白的分泌表达量随时间推移而逐渐增加,发现于38h达到最佳水平且此时杂蛋白含量最少,是放罐收集菌液的最佳时间。18L发酵液在低温离心除菌体和沉淀物后可得到15L的上清液,再利用截留量为5kDa的超滤膜包将上清液浓缩至2L,将浓缩后的上清液依次通过S200分子筛柱和TDEAE阴离子交换柱进行分离纯化,可得到300ml浓度为1.125mg/ml、纯度达98%的目标蛋白液,发酵液得率为22.5mg/L;最后将蛋白液定量分装冻干低温保存。所获得的放大规模SBP发酵诱导表达条件和SBP蛋白的分离纯化工艺,为SBP蛋白大规模生产奠定了坚实的基础。     

含短C肽人胰岛素原类似物DesB30在毕赤酵母中的表达及纯化

合成含短C肽AAK,并去掉B链第30位苏氨酸(T)的人胰岛素原类似物:HMPIDesB30(human mini-proinsulin des B30)的cDNA,将其插入大肠杆菌和酵母菌的穿梭质粒pPIC9K.用电转移的方法将重组质粒HMPIDesB30/pPIC9K转入甲醇酵母GS115.用含不同G418浓度的YPD平板筛选高拷贝重组子.经优化条件下的高密度发酵,发酵液用SIPI-40大孔树脂吸附,大孔吸附树脂洗脱液经SP柱进一步纯化后,再用10～20 mmol/L Zn2 沉淀,能得到纯度为95%的HMPIDesB30.通过16.5%Tricine SDS-PAGE、HPLC和质谱分析,表达产物分子质量与理论分子质量相符,经高密度发酵,表达量可达1.0 g/L.纯化回收率可达60%.说明人胰岛素原类似物HMPIDesB30能在甲醇酵母中高效分泌表达,并能通过经济有效的方法纯化.     

重组人纤溶酶原基因的酵母表达、产物纯化及鉴定

目的: 研究重组人纤溶酶原丝氨酸蛋白酶结构域（rhPLG-SP）的酵母表达、纯化及理化性质。 方法:采用7.5 L发酵罐对巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)工程菌 rhPLG-SP/GS115 进行高密度培养、甲醇诱导表达rhPLG-SP,培养液经三步纯化：超滤、Sephacryl S-100、SP-Sepharose FF,将活性组分透析后冷冻干燥。等点聚焦电泳、HPLC、质谱分别检测 rhPLG-SP等电点、纯度和分子量;纤维蛋白平板、肽底物S-2403 分别测定 rhPLG-SP激活后的纤维蛋白溶解和酰胺水解活性。结果: 7.5 L高密度发酵可获得约为400mg/L培液的表达量,经三步纯化后制备的rhPLG-SP纯度大于96%。理化分析显示 rhPLG-SP的等电点为7.5~7.8,分子量：27 877 Da,比活性：23.6U/mg。结论: 初步建立了rhPLG-SP酵母工程菌的高密度培养、表达及纯化工艺,所制备半成品活性与血浆提取的PLG相近,具备放大生产和应用的潜力。     

重组人小分子抗体ScFv-Fc发酵条件的优化及纯化

目的：研究重组人小分子抗体ScFv—Fc在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的最佳条件,以及ScFv—Fc的纯化方法。方法：分别从甲醇浓度、pH、诱导时间等方面对毕赤酵母重组菌株产生ScFv-Fc的发酵过程进行了优化;通过硫酸铵沉淀结合proteinA亲和层析柱,对ScFv—Fc的纯化方法进行了研究。结果：确定ScFv—Fc在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的最佳条件为：在pH5．2的条件下,以0．5％甲醇诱导72h。经过proteinA亲和层析柱纯化后,ScFv—Fc纯度可达94％以上。结论：确定了ScFv-Fe在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的最佳条件以及纯化方法,为重组抗体分子诊断、治疗试剂的开发以及抗体的人源化奠定了物质基础。     

Aggregation of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen in Pichia pastoris

The combination of immunoaffinity and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a powerful tool to analyze multiprotein particle assembly. This approach was used to investigate the source of aggregation of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detected in purified material. As HBsAg aggregation does not originate in the stresses, such as the concentration of HBsAg solutions, temperature and chaotropic agents, it is less probable that the HBsAg aggregate is produced during the process. To test whether aggregation takes place in vivo, crude yeast extract containing the expressed HBsAg was fractioned on a Sephacryl S-400 column just after cell disruption, and each fraction immunopurified individually. As a result, the HBsAg aggregate was isolated from a fraction corresponding to the elution of large particle aggregates only, not native HBsAg particles. It was biologically active, which demonstrates aggregate formation by specific assembly of partially or wholly folded HBsAg intermediates.     

疏水层析用于大规模纯化重组HBsAg的工艺研究

应用疏水层析法从CHO细胞培养液中纯化HBsAg,每根制备柱每次可处理细胞收液350L,在适宜的上样流速和层析温度条件下,层析后可去除96％的杂蛋白,再经超速离心和凝胶过滤层析,可获HBsAg纯品。经检定,HPLC纯度高于95％,其余各项检定指标均符合《中国生物制品规程》要求。结果表明,此方法纯化效率高、处理样品量大、成本低,适于大规模生产。     

Formation of well-defined soluble aggregates upon fusion to MBP is a generic property of E6 proteins from various human papillomavirus species

Protein aggregation is a main barrier hindering structural and functional studies of a number of interesting biological targets. The E6 oncoprotein of Human Papillomavirus strain 16 (E6(16)) is difficult to express under a native soluble form in bacteria. Produced as an unfused sequence, it forms inclusion bodies. Fused to the C-terminus of MBP, it is mainly produced in the form of soluble high molecular weight aggregates. Here, we produced as MBP-fusions seven E6 proteins from other HPV strains (5, 11, 18, 33, 45, 52, and 58) belonging to four different species, and we compared their aggregation state to that of MBP-E6(16). Using a fast mutagenesis method, we changed most non-conserved cysteines to the isosteric residue serine to minimize disulfide bridge-mediated aggregation during purification. Static and dynamic light scattering measurements, ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy demonstrated the presence in all MBP-E6 preparations of soluble high-molecular weight aggregates with a well-defined spherical shape. These aggregated particles are relatively monodisperse but their amount and their size vary depending on the conditions of expression and the strain considered. For all strains, minimal aggregate formation occurs when the expression is performed at 15 degrees C. Such observations suggest that the assembly of MBP-E6 aggregates takes place in vivo during protein biosynthesis, rather than occurring during purification. Finally, we show that all MBP-E6 preparations contain two zinc ions per protein monomer, suggesting that E6 domains within the high molecular weight aggregates possess a native-like fold, which enables correct coordination to the metal center.     

Expression and Characterization of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Transgenic Potato Plants

Transgenic potato plants expressing the gene of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) under the control of the double promoter of 35S RNA of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV 35SS) and the promoter of patatin gene of potato tubers have been obtained. Biochemical analysis of the plants was performed. The amount of HBsAg in leaves, microtubers, and tubers of transgenic potatoes growing in vitro and in vivo was 0.005-0.035% of the total soluble protein. HBsAg content reached 1 microg/g in potato tubers and was maximal in plants expressing the HBsAg gene under the control of CaMV 35SS promoter. In transgenic plants expressing HBsAg gene under the control of tuber-specific patatin promoter, HBsAg was found only in microtubers and tubers and was absent in leaves. Western blot analysis of HBsAg eluted from immunoaffinity protein A-Sepharose matrix has been performed. The molecular weight of HBsAg peptide was approximately 24 kD, which is in agreement with the size of the major protein of the envelope of hepatitis B virus. Using gel filtration, it was determined that the product of HBsAg gene expression in potato plants is converted into high-molecular-weight multimeric particles. Therefore, as well as in recombinant HBsAg-yeast cells, assembling of HBsAg monomers into immunogenic aggregates takes place in HBsAg-transgenic potato, which can be used as a source of recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B virus.     

Stereoselective metabolism of pentoxifylline in vitro and in vivo in humans

Pentoxifylline increases erythrocyte flexibility, reduces blood viscosity, and inhibits platelet aggregation and is thus used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. It is transformed into at least seven phase I metabolites, of which two, M1 and M5, are active. The reduction of the keto group of pentoxifylline to a secondary alcohol in M1 takes place chiefly in erythrocytes, is rapidly reversible, and creates a chiral center. The aims of this study were: to develop HPLC methods to separate the enantiomers of M1, to investigate the kinetics of the reversible biotransformation of pentoxifylline to (R)- and (S)-M1 in hemolysed erythrocyte suspension, and to quantify the formation of the enantiomers of M1 (as well as M4 and M5) after intravenous and oral administration of pentoxifylline to human volunteers. (R)- and (S)-M1 could be separated preparatively on a cellobiohydrolase column, while determination in blood or plasma was by HPLC after chiral derivatization with diacetyl-L-tartaric acid anhydride. The metabolism of pentoxifylline to (R)-M1 in suspensions of hemolysed erythrocytes followed simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics (K(m) = 11 mM), while that to (S)-M1 was best described by a two-enzyme model (K(m) = 1.1 and 132 mM). Studies with inhibitors indicated that the enzymes were of the carbonyl reductase type. At a therapeutic blood concentration of pentoxifylline, the calculated rate of formation of (S)-M1 is 15 times higher than that of the (R)-enantiomer. Back-conversion of M1 to pentoxifylline was 3-4 times faster for the (S)- than for the (R)-enantiomer. In vivo, the R:S plasma concentration ratio of M1 ranged from 0.010-0.025 after intravenous infusion of 300 or 600 mg of pentoxifylline, and from 0.019-0.037 after oral administration of 600 mg. The biotransformation of pentoxifylline to M1 was thus highly stereoselective in favor of the (S)-enantiomer both in vitro and in vivo.     

一种新型的琼脂糖疏水层析介质开发及其在重组乙肝表面抗原(CHO-HBsAg)分离纯化中的应用

以粒径均一的国产高交联度快速流琼脂糖为基质,采用活化、交联等步骤合成了针对分离纯化CHO-HBsAg的3C间臂的丁基琼脂糖疏水介质,通过控制丁基配基密度提高分离HBsAg的纯化倍数和回收率,获得了纯化倍数约20、HBsAg回收率约80%的介质。评估了合成介质的理化性质,流速为500cm/h时柱压力小于0.06MPa,表明介质具有较高的机械强度和良好的流动性能,介质经过酸、碱、变性剂等处理后化学性质稳定。将介质合成工艺进一步放大到2L介质/批,应用到HBsAg分离纯化的三步层析整和工艺中,结果表明,批量合成的疏水介质,HBsAg回收率与进口介质相当,HBsAg终产品纯度在95%以上,符合国家药典要求。最后考察了介质合成批次间的配基密度的可控性和单批次合成介质的重复使用性,结果表明,合成工艺和介质的重复性能满足产业化要求,这种成本低的介质有望替代目前工业生产广泛使用的进口疏水介质。     

聚乙二醇伴随式离子交换层析分离重组乙肝病毒表面抗原

对由中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)表达的多聚亚基蛋白HBsAg在离子交换层析过程中容易因亚基解离而导致蛋白解聚和丧失生物活性的难题,实验中选择聚乙二醇（PEG）作为保护剂伴随式（Polyethylene Glycol-Accompanied）离子交换层析分离纯化HBsAg。实验表明,在流动相中加入1% PEG10000(W/V)作为纯化伴侣, HBsAg的回收率由55% 左右提高到80%以上,纯化倍数基本保持在12左右。对纯化产物进行SDS_PAGE分析表明,1% PEG10000的纯化伴侣伴随式离子交换层析能全部保留HBsAg的糖基化蛋白单体（27kD和30kD）,高效液相色谱联用多角度激光散射(High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography_Multiangle Laser Light Scattering, HPSEC-MALLS )进一步分析阐明了PEG能促使HBsAg颗粒尺寸分布更均一,结构更接近天然乙肝表面抗原。     

Characterization of the large size aggregation of Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) formed in ultrafiltration process

This investigation focused on the structure change of Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in the process of ultrafiltration (UF). Based on the assay of high performance size exclusion chromatography combining with on-line multi-angle laser light scattering (HPSEC-MALLS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the HBsAg assemblies were found to aggregate into large-size HBsAg aggregation with only about 20% HBsAg activity of the normal HBsAg assembly. The secondary structure of large size HBsAg aggregation was monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) and demonstrated that the content of α-helix in HBsAg decreased from 48.2% to 34.4% and the content of γ-turn increased from 29.6% to 38.7% due to aggregation. The lipid structure of large size HBsAg aggregation was also changed markedly by the assay of infrared spectroscopy (IR) at the wavenumber 1750 cm⁻¹ which is corresponding to ester acyl.     

易发生聚集的重组HBcAg病毒样颗粒的纯化*

目的:探索针对易发生聚集的重组HBcAg病毒样颗粒(VLP)的有效纯化方案。方法:培养的大肠杆菌经IPTG诱导重组HBcAg蛋白的表达,菌体超声破碎后的离心沉淀用含有不同浓度尿素的PBS缓冲液重悬溶解,经密度梯度离心并结合电镜观察对VLPs行为进行分析鉴定。以Sepharose 4 FF凝胶过滤层析在选定的尿素条件下纯化沉淀溶解液,纯化获得的目的蛋白进一步在含30%山梨醇的PBS中脱盐去除尿素。整个过程以SDS-PAGE及电镜进行各步骤样品中目的蛋白的分析。结果:含有1mol/L尿素的PBS缓冲溶液重悬超声沉淀,可有效溶解聚集的VLPs,在蔗糖密度梯度离心中显示典型HBcAg VLPs的行为,且电镜观察颗粒形态结构完整。经1mol/L尿素下凝胶过滤,VLPs进一步获得纯化。在脱尿素过程中流动相采用含30%山梨醇的PBS,有效避免了VLPs在尿素去除后重新聚集。结论:尿素与山梨醇的联合应用,为具有聚集现象的VLPs纯化制备提供了一种有效解决方案。