强声对豚鼠动作电位（N_1）潜伏期的影响及永久性阈移（PTS）早期预测指标分析

用慢性面神经管长期置入电极方法,测试了不同时间,不同强度的白噪声或２．８３ＫＨｚ强纯音暴露下清醒豚鼠的ＡＰ（Ｎ１）潜伏期。结果发现,暴露后对短声及各频率短纯音反应的ＡＰ（Ｎ１）潜伏期均出现统计学意义的延长者,可作为预测永久性阈移（ＰＴＳ）的一项较理想的指标。     

蛛网膜下腔出血对大鼠脑血流量和体感诱发电位的影响

目的：探讨蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）后脑血流量、体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）潜伏期的改变及其与一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的关系。方法：对假手术对照组和ＳＡＨ模型组大鼠检测２４ｈ局部脑血流量（ｒＣＢＦ）、ＳＥＰ潜伏期和血清及脑组织ＮＯ含量动态变化。结果：非开颅刺破Ｗｉｌｌｉｓ环的方法可成功地诱发ＳＡＨ。ＳＡＨ后ｒＣＢＦ立即降低,在２４ｈ内无恢复趋势。ＳＥＰ潜伏期于ＳＡＨ后１ｈ开始至２４ｈ明显延长。血清和脑组织ＮＯ含量     

主动手指活动对短潜伏期体感诱发电位的影响

在２０例健康受试者中进行４０次主动手指活动（ＡＭＴ）试验,研究ＡＭＴ对短潜伏期体感诱发电位（ＳＬＳＥＰ）顶、中央成份的影响。结果：ＡＭＴ对ＳＬＳＥＰ各波峰潜伏期没有影响,对颈髓电位Ｎ１３,远场电位Ｐ１４、Ｎ１８及顶部电位Ｎ２０波幅没有抑制,而中央前成份Ｐ２２、Ｎ３０及顶成份Ｐ２５明显受抑制。认为：ＡＭＴ对ＳＬＳＥＰ的抑制作用属一种运动闸门作用,其部位可能在运动皮层。     

花生种子高纯度DNA的提取（简报）

花生种子高纯度ＤＮＡ的提取（简报）王艳,何军贤,傅家瑞（中山大学生命科学学院,广州５０２７５）关键词花生;种子;ＤＮＡ;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵ＲＡＰＩＤＡＮＤＥＦＦＩＣＩＥＮＴＰＵＲＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＤＮＡＦＲＯＭＰＥＡＮＵＴ（ＡＲＡＣＨＩＳＨＹＰ...     

ELISA技术筛选200种中草药抗HBsAg的实验研究

使用ＥＬＩＳＡ技术对２００种中草药水提取物进行抗ＨＢｓＡｇ的实验研究,共筛出有效药物７种（占总数的３．５％）。若按５种不同剂量（０．３、０．６、１．２、２．５、５．０ｍｇ／１００μｌ）的药物、２种不同浓度的ＨＢｓＡｇ（１０．９２、１４．２６Ｐ／Ｎ值）与３种不同接触时间（立即、１ｈ、２ｈ）的１０项Ｐ／Ｎ值均数来综合评价药效指数时,７种有效药物的次序为青蒿（１．６７Ｐ／Ｎ值）、大蒜（２．１９Ｐ／Ｎ值）、红孩儿（２．３１Ｐ／Ｎ值）、仙鹤草（２．３１）、魔芋（２．３２Ｐ／Ｎ值）、冬瓜皮（２．６３Ｐ／Ｎ值）和猕猴桃（２．８９Ｐ／Ｎ值）。     

萝卜抗真菌蛋白1（Rs—AFP1）在大肠杆菌中的融合表达及其对大丽轮 …

利用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）获得了萝卜（Ｒａｑｈａｎｕｓ ｓａｔｉｖｕｓ Ｌ．）抗真菌蛋白１（Ｒｓ－ＡＦＰ１）基因编码区核苷酸序列。将整个阅读框架片段和云除了Ｎ－端信号肽序列的片段分别装入原核表达载体ｐＥＴ－３２ｇ（＋）中,在大肠杆菌中表达,发现带有信号 的Ｒｓ－ＡＦＰ１不能在大肠杆菌中表达,而当这一序列去除后,表达出约２７ｋＤ的Ｒｓ－ＡＦＰ１的融合蛋白。用凝血酶处理融合蛋白以云除Ｎ－端Ｈｉｓ．ｔ     

马铃薯野生种叶肉原生质体培养及其植株再生（简报）

马铃薯野生种叶肉原生质体培养及其植株再生（简报）何亚文,李耿光,张兰英（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）ＭＥＳＯＰＨＹＬＬＰＲＯＴＯＰＬＡＳＴＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＰＬＡＮＴＬＥＴＲＥＧＥＮＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＦＲＯＭＷＩＬＤＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＰ...     

守宫木种子油的脂肪酸组成（简报）

守宫木种子油的脂肪酸组成（简报）廖学焜,李用华（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）ＦＡＴＴＹＡＣＩＤＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＳＥＥＤＯＩＬＦＲＯＭＳＡＵＲＯＰＵＳＡＮＤＲＯＧＹＮＵＳ（Ｌ．）ＭＥＲＲ￥ＬｌａｏＸｕｅｋｕｎ;ＬｉＹｏｎ...     

提高外淋巴钙浓度对耳蜗电位的影响

本实验以人工外淋巴灌流方式,提高豚鼠耳蜗外淋巴液钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ＰＬ）,观察蜗内直流电位（ＥＰ）和耳蜗电图（ＥＣｏｃｈＧ）的变化,ＥＣｏｃｈＧ包括听神经复合动作电位（ＣＡＰ）、耳蜗微音电位（ＣＭ）。结果可见：高钙灌流明显抑制ＣＡＰ幅值,延长同一声强下（９０ｄＢＳＰＬ）Ｎ１－峰潜伏期,但不改变ＣＭ的幅值及总和ＥＰ（Ｇ－ＥＰ）。高钙灌流降低了ＥＰ对噪声的给－撤声反应（ＥＰ－ＯＮ,ＥＰ－ＯＦＦ）和缺氧所得到的最大负ＥＰ（Ｎ－ＥＰ）绝对值。本文分析了外淋巴高钙影响耳蜗电位的可能机制。     

PAF对肺内小动脉平滑肌细胞TXA_2，PGI_2乃Ca~（2＋）－ATPase的影响

本工作采用分离培养家兔肺内小动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣｓ），观察了外源性血小板活化因子（ｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＰＡＦ）、ＢＮ５２０２１（ＰＡＦ受体拮抗剂）、吲哚美辛、维拉帕米对ＰＡＳＭＣｓ产生血栓素Ａ_２（ＴｘＡ_２）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ_２）及对细胞膜Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的影响。结果表明：（１）基础状态下ＰＡＳＭＣｓ存在花生四烯酸（ＡＡ）代谢。（２）外源性ＰＡＦ通过受体后途径激活环加氧酶促进ＡＡ代谢致ＴＸＡ_２及ＰＧＩ－２增加，ＴＸＡ_２／ＰＧＩ_２比值无明显变化。（３）外源性ＰＡＦ能直接抑制Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力。（４）维拉帕米可逆转ＰＡＦ抑制ＰＡＳＭＣｓ膜Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的效应。     

稳态白噪声对豚鼠耳蜗电位影响的研究

本工作利用面神经管慢性埋植电极在清醒动物上对噪声暴露前后听神经动作电位(AP)和微音器电位(CM) 进行了研究,结果表明:当改变测试声强和频率时CM应起始点会发生移位(CM-shift); 123dBSPL稳态白噪声暴露1小时后.AP各参数(幅值、潜伏期和阈值)均发生明显变化.而CM各参数(幅值、CM-shift和检测阈)变化则基本未达显著性.说明AP对产损伤的敏感性要高于CM另外发现噪声暴露后AP的N_2峰的恢复比N_1峰快、CM在恢复过程中会出现幅值加大现象.     

高渗盐液对蟾蜍坐骨神经干C纤维动作电位的影响

本实验采用电生理学方法观察了不同浓度的高渗任氏液（以下简称盐液）对蟾蜍坐骨神经干Ｃ纤维动作电位幅度和传导速度的影响。结果表明：（１）Ｃ纤维动作电位幅度和传导速度与高渗液作用时间均呈显著负相关;（２）Ｃ纤维动作电位的消失时间随盐液渗透压增加而明显提前,但Ｃ纤维动作电位的消失是可逆的;（３）Ａ和Ｃ类纤维比较,Ｃ纤维动作电位幅度较低,传导速度较慢,但高渗盐液作用后动作电位消失时间却明显短于Ａ纤维。以上结     

脑干缺血对听觉脑干反应影响的实验研究

目的 :探讨脑干缺血模型ABR变化特点及其在脑缺血早期诊断中的应用价值。方法 :阻断猫基底动脉不同部位血流 ,观察记录阻断血流后不同时间ABR变化特点及其规律。结果 :①夹闭基底动脉上、下段或小脑下前动脉 10min左右 ,ABRP3 ,P4振幅明显减小 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ) ,60min恢复夹前水平 ;②夹闭基底动脉上段 10～60minP5明显减小 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,直到 12 0min尚未恢复至夹前状态。结论 :①猫的ABRP3脑区的血供主要来自小脑下前动脉 ,P1,P2产生部位基本不依赖基底动脉供血 ;②轻度暂短性脑缺血时ABR振幅比潜伏期更敏感 ,振幅减小的程度与脑干缺血的程度密切相关 ;③ABR可用于脑缺血定位诊断及脑功能动态观察的电生理检测。     

γ-氨基丁酸、荷包牡丹碱和L-谷氨酸钠对猫和家兔同侧和对侧图形视觉诱发电位的影响

在猫和家兔大脑半球一侧视区17/18交界处施加γ—氨基丁酸(GABA)、荷包牡丹碱和L—谷氨酸钠,以及用氯化钾和冷冻阻遏的方法,记录对侧和同侧皮层相应处图形视觉诱发电位(PVEP)的变化。讨论了GABA、荷包牡丹碱和L—谷氨酸钠对猫和兔的对侧和同侧PVEP的影响。     

Long latency auditory evoked potentials: intensity, inter-stimulus interval, and habituation

Experiment 1 elicited the P1, N1, P2, and N2 components of the long latency auditory evoked potential (AEP) using a 1000 Hz tone presented at 30, 50, or 70 dB SPL and 1-, 3-, or 5-second inter-stimulus intervals to assess the relative effects of the combination of these variables on component amplitude and latency. Four blocks of 16 tone presentations each were recorded from each subject to determine if changes in the AEP would occur because of short-term habituation. Both stimulus factors interacted significantly in a systematic fashion for the amplitude measures, with increases in latency also associated with increases in intensity and inter-stimulus interval. Only minor changes across the four trial blocks for either the amplitude or latency measures were observed over the various stimulus presentation conditions. Experiment 2 employed the same tone stimulus presented at 50 dB SPL and a 3-second inter-stimulus interval. Eight blocks of 64 trials were recorded from each subject on each day for four days to investigate long-term habituation effects. No substantial changes in any of the component amplitudes or latencies were obtained across the 32 trial blocks. It was concluded that intensity and inter-stimulus interval interact to determine AEP amplitude as well as latency values and that the constituent components do not change appreciably with repeated stimulus presentations, even after several days.     

早产儿40Hz听觉相关电位的神经发育特性

临床实验研究发现:1.早产儿40Hz AERP Pa和Pb波潜伏期在三种强度(40,60和80dB-nHL)的短音(500Hz)刺激下明显长于足月新生儿(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),Pa-Pb波间期未见显著性变化(P>0.05);2.早产儿40Hz AERP Pa和Pb波潜伏期与500Hz短音强度高度相关(r≥0.98),Pb波潜伏期-刺激强度函数斜率K值明显有别于Pa波K值(P<0.01);3.早产儿40Hz AERP Pa和Pb波潜伏期与孕龄高度相关(r>0.7),Pb波潜伏期-孕龄函数斜率K值亦明显区别于Pa波K值(P<0.05)。     

蝉的变音调复合声和发声机制的分析

蛙鸣蝉(Meimuna opalifera (Walk).ab.punctata Kato)的自然鸣声为“ji…guái”的重复单变调复合声.“ji”为主音频约4800Hz的准单音;“guái”的波形和主音频呈明显的演变,优势主频约2100Hz和2800Hz的变音调声.鸟鸣蝉(Meimuna opalifera (Walk)var.formosana Kato)的自然鸣声由重复的“jiū…ruǎ”和“jiū…gū…”合成的双变调复合声.“jiū”为基频和主频分别约625Hz和2100—2300Hz的准单音;“ruǎ”的波形和主音频呈明显的演变,基音和优势主频分别约575—625Hz和1550—1750Hz的变音调声.“gū”为优势主频约625Hz的准单音.变音调复合声不仅与腹部运动有关,而主要取决于发声肌的收缩特性和发声膜肋结构的振动特性.     

Formamidopyrimidine adducts are detected using the comet assay in human cells treated with reactive metabolites of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)

4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is the most lung-specific of the carcinogens present in tobacco smoke. Its bioactivation in cells leads to a small amount of methylation or pyridyloxobutylation DNA damage. Considering its great sensitivity, the comet assay seems a technique of choice to investigate NNK-related damage. Several strategies were used to impart some specificity to the assay: (1) using analogs that produce a limited variety of DNA lesions, as they mimic either the methylation or the pyridyloxobutylation pathway; (2) using cells with different bioactivation abilities; (3) using alkali conversion and/or enzymes specific for cleaving particular classes of damage; (4) using different lysis conditions to convert a specific class of DNA lesions into enzyme-sensitive lesions. We determined that several NNK-associated lesions can be detected with some specificity with the comet assay. For the methylation pathway, they are AP sites and the more frequent formamidopyrimidine (fapy) adducts. These fapy adducts correspond to N7-methylguanines generated in the cells that were ring-opened during the assay by the lysis solution at pH 10. For the pyridyloxobutylation pathway, alkylphosphotriesters and a roughly equal frequency of fapy sites were detected. By analogy to the methylation damage, these fapy adducts are thought to be the ring-opened form of N7-pyridyloxobutylguanines (N7-pobG). N7-pobG are unstable and this constitutes the first indirect demonstration of their formation in cells. But contrary to N7-m-fapy, the lysis time or pH did not influence the frequency of N7-pob-fapy adducts detected, suggesting that they already exist in the cells and are not related to the experimental conditions. These N7-pob-fapy have a strong mutagenic potential and we think that the comet assay, in spite of its limitations, is a good way to study them considering their low frequency and the inherent instability of the adduct from which they originate.     

去甲肾上腺素对大鼠丘脑束旁核痛反应神经元电活动的影响

本文观察了41只大鼠脑室注射去甲肾上腺素(NE)后对两侧束旁核痛反应神经元同时由活动的影响。结果表明:1.两个痛兴奋神经元(PEN)的电活动同时受至抑制,表现为诱发放电数目减少,潜伏期延长。2.两个痛抑制神经元(PIN)的抑制效应同时被解除,即诱发放电数目增加,抑制时程箱短。3.一个PEN的电活动受到抑制的同时,另一个PIN的电活动加强。上述结果证明NE能够同时影响丘脑束旁核PEN和PIN的电活动。