增强P18~(INK4C)表达对胃腺癌细胞侵袭的影响(英文)

在应用基因芯片技术筛选胃腺癌转移相关基因的过程中 ,发现CDK抑制因子P18INK4C在人类胃腺癌转移细胞株RF 4 8中的表达较其原发灶细胞株RF 1明显下调 .这提示P18INK4C表达差异与胃腺癌细胞的侵袭转移可能有一定程度的相关性 .通过构建P18INK4C 表达质粒并将其转染入RF 4 8增强P18INK4C的表达 ,研究其对胃腺癌原发灶细胞体外运动、侵袭转移能力以及生长特性的影响 ,进一步明确P18INK4C与人类胃腺癌侵袭转移之间的关系 .结果发现 ,增强P18INK4C表达可以使胃腺癌原发灶细胞的体外侵袭能力明显下降 ,而对RF 4 8的细胞周期和生长增殖能并力未产生影响 .上述结果提示 ,P18INK4C参与人类胃腺癌转移过程 ,在此过程中其主要的作用可能并不是调节细胞周期 ,而是与胃腺癌原发灶细胞侵袭转移能力的调节密切相关 .     

细胞周期蛋白E2基因的过度表达与胃腺癌细胞迁徙的关系

从基因芯片筛选出差异表达的基因中一个细胞周期蛋白 (cyclin)E2基因 ,深入研究周期蛋白E2在高转移性胃腺癌细胞系RF 4 8细胞中的生物学作用 .首先通过合成硫代磷酸化修饰的反义、正义和错配寡核苷酸片段 ,使用半定量RT PCR和Western印迹方法分别检测被 3种寡核苷酸转染的RF 4 8细胞在 1～ 5d内周期蛋白E2基因及它可能调控下游靶基因之一FGFR基因和蛋白质的表达 ,检测寡核苷酸转染的RF 4 8细胞周期和凋亡细胞 ,观察寡核苷酸转染RF 4 8细胞的软琼脂集落形成、运动能力和体外侵袭能力 .结果表明 ,修饰的反义寡核苷酸在有效地抑制RF 4 8细胞中周期蛋白E2表达上调后 ,RF 4 8细胞的迁徙能力被显著降低 ,其增殖、运动能力没有变化 .周期蛋白E2基因的主要作用并不是促细胞分裂 ,也与细胞的增殖、运动能力无关 ,周期蛋白E2基因的过度表达与胃腺癌的迁徙性存在相关性 ,其触发肿瘤的侵袭性可能通过某种机制调控其下游靶基因之一成纤维细胞生长因子受体 (FGFR)基因的表达来实现的     

荧光差异显示PCR克隆参与胃腺癌转移的基因wcl1

使用来源于同一个胃腺癌病人的原发灶RF 1(ATCC编号CRL 186 4 )和转移灶RF 4 8(ATCC编号CRL 186 3)作为研究肿瘤转移的模型 .通过荧光差异显示PCR(FDD PCR)技术 ,克隆了 4 5个涉及胃腺癌转移相关基因 .和原发灶CRL 186 4相比 ,发现在转移灶CRL 186 3细胞中有 38个基因被显著上调 ,7个基因被显著下调 ,包括未被发现的基因 3个 .利用生物信息学技术对其中 1个在RF 4 8中高度上调的wcl1进行克隆和鉴定 ,发现wcl1的cDNA全长为 6 6 4bp ,含有 1个 2 4 0bp的完整阅读框 .用RT PCR和Northern印迹证实 ,结果与克隆拼接的大小完全一致 (NCBI数据库收录号AF36 4 86 3) .wcl1编码肽位于胞浆内含 79个氨基酸 ,理论上的pI Mr:5 2 8 896 1 72 .氨基酸序列分析发现 ,其N端 4～ 5 5氨基酸处为未知功能区UPF0 0 16蛋白 ,5 7～ 78处有一段亮氨酸拉链结构域 ,未发现与已知的蛋白质有高度的同源性 .该基因定位于 11q14.组织分布表明 ,wcl1除在分化差的胃腺癌中的表达要高于相应的正常胃组织 ,在微血管内皮中表达也明显高于乳腺管癌、脑纤维状星形细胞瘤 ,未检测到在其它组织有分布 .研究提示 ,Wcl1可能为胃腺癌转移过程中参与核内基因转录的相关蛋白质 .     

内皮抑素基因抗黑色素瘤细胞高转移的动物研究

目的:验证转内皮抑素基因抑制高转移性黑色素瘤细胞的转移能力.方法:将 pcDNA3.1-Endo 真核表达载体转染小鼠黑色素瘤高转移细胞株B16F10,运用RT-PCR和Western-blot验证Endo的表达后,进行瘤细胞的粘附实验、体外侵袭和运动实验以及C57BL/6小鼠的皮下种植瘤和肺转移瘤试验,并进一步统计分析.结果:内皮抑素基因能明显抑制B16F10黑色素瘤细胞的粘附、体外侵袭和运动、体内成瘤以及肺转移能力,其中粘附抑制率36.4%,体外侵袭抑制率48.4%,细胞运动功能抑制率52.1%,肺转移抑制率为67.3%.结论:转内皮抑素基因能明显抑制黑色素瘤细胞的高转移能力.     

RNA干扰抑制Snail表达对于胃癌细胞上皮间充质转化以及体外侵袭的影响

目的用RNA干扰(RNAinterference,RNAi)技术抑制转录因子Snail表达,观察其对人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞上皮-间充质转化表型和体外侵袭能力的影响。方法构建能表达针对Snail的小干扰RNA(Small interferingRNA,si RNA)的RNA干扰载体(Snail si RNAvector)和表达不针对任何已知mRNA的si RNA的阴性对照RNA干扰载体(control si RNAvector),分别转染SGC-7901细胞,筛选得到Snail表达受抑制的SGC-7901-siSnail细胞和Snail表达未受影响的SGC-7901-siControl细胞。分别采用RT-PCR和Western blot技术检测非转染组、SGC-7901-siSnail、SGC-7901-siControl三组细胞Snail、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和E-cadherin表达,用Boyden chamber模型检测细胞侵袭能力。结果 SGC-7901-siSnail组与SGC-7901-nontransfection组相比,Snail和α-SMA表达显著减弱(P0.01),E-cadherin表达显著增强(P0.01),Boyden chamber穿膜细胞数显著减少(P0.01);SGC-7901-siControl组中Snail、α-SMA、E-cadherin表达、Boyden chamber穿膜细胞数分别和SGC-7901-nontransfection组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论通过RNA干扰阻滞Snail表达能有效地抑制SGC-7901细胞上皮-间充质转化及体外侵袭能力。Snail可能在胃腺癌上皮-间充质转化及侵袭过程中扮演重要角色,抑制Snail表达可能成胃腺癌治疗的可行策略。     

Caveolin-1抑制胰腺癌细胞PANC1的体内外生长和增殖

窖蛋白-1(caveolin-1)是胞膜窖(caveolae)中重要的结构和功能蛋白.Caveolin-1参与细胞的多种生命活动并与恶性肿瘤的发生相关.为探讨caveolin-1对胰腺癌细胞PANC1的体外增殖、迁移、侵袭以及裸鼠体内成瘤能力的影响,通过基因转染技术培育caveolin-1过表达细胞株PANC1/cav-1作为实验组,转染空载体细胞株PANC1/vector作为对照组,采用RT-PCR及Western blot方法检测caveolin-1的表达量,流式细胞术分析细胞周期,软琼脂细胞克隆实验检测细胞增殖能力,侵袭小室实验检测癌细胞迁移和侵袭的能力,建立裸鼠皮下种植瘤模型并检测肿瘤组织的增殖与凋亡.PANC1/cav-1中的caveolin-1表达稳定,表达量明显高于对照组细胞株和亲本细胞株(P<0.01),细胞周期检测显示大量PANC1/cav-1细胞被抑制于G0/G1期,caveolin-1抑制PANC1的增殖,迁移和侵袭能力.在裸鼠的体内实验中,caveolin-1显著抑制PANC1细胞在裸鼠体内的生长,Ki-67染色和TUNEL染色表明在PANC1细胞中过表达caveolin-1,可以抑制肿瘤增殖并诱导肿瘤凋亡.上述结果表明,caveolin-1可能通过对胰腺癌细胞周期的影响(抑制于G0/G1期),抑制胰腺癌PANC1细胞在体内外的增殖、迁移和侵袭,并导致肿瘤凋亡.     

糖基因ST6GAL家族在肝癌转移中的作用

目的通过研究糖基因ST6GAL家族在人肝癌高转移细胞株MHCC97-H和人肝癌低转移细胞株MHCC97-L中的差异表达,明确糖基因ST6GAL家族与肝癌转移的相关性,从而确证肝癌转移诊断及抗肿瘤治疗新靶点。方法采用Real-time PCR、Western Blot分析糖基因ST6GAL家族在人肝癌高、低转移细胞株的差异表达;通过RNA干扰技术干预差异表达的糖基因,检测干扰前后MHCC97-H细胞的体外侵袭能力及体内成瘤性。结果糖基因ST6GAL1在人肝癌高、低转移细胞株中表达差异具有统计学意义,而ST6GAL2的表达差异具无统计学意义;当通过RNA干扰技术特异性使MHCC97-H细胞中ST6GAL1表达下调时,该细胞在体外的侵袭能力下降及体内成瘤性受到抑制(P﹤0.05)。结论人肝癌细胞中糖基因ST6GAL1的差异表达与肿瘤细胞的侵袭、成瘤性密切相关,为肿瘤的化学治疗提供新靶点。     

人参皂甙Rg1对体外人胃癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及机制

本研究用不同浓度人参皂甙Rg1作用人胃癌BGC-823细胞24 h、48 h和72 h,采用MTT法、流式细胞术及半定量RT-PCR检测GS-Rg1对胃癌细胞的增殖抑制作用、细胞周期分布时相和p16~(INK4a)、p21~(WAF1)表达水平的影响,以探讨人参皂甙Rg1对人胃癌BGC-823细胞增殖的抑制作用及机制。结果表明,随着作用时间和浓度的增加,人参皂甙Rg1对胃癌细胞增殖抑制作用逐渐增强(P<0.05),G_0/G_1期细胞比例增加,G_2/S期细胞比例下降,p16~(INK4a)、p21~(WAF1)基因水平上调。上述结果提示人参皂甙Rg1能抑制体外培养的胃癌BGC-823细胞增殖,其机制可能与上调肿瘤细胞内细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶抑制因子p16~(INK4a)及p21~(WAF1)mRNA的表达有关。     

ID1对大鼠C6细胞侵袭转移能力的影响

目的：观察IDl对大鼠胶质瘤细胞（c6细胞）侵袭转移能力的影响。方法：以C6细胞为研究对象,ID1 siRNA通过脂质体转染c6细胞,western blot检测C6细胞中ID1、P-NF—KBp65蛋白的表达、Elisa法检测细胞培养上清MMP．9的含量,Transwell小室观察成的转移侵袭能力。结果：干扰ID1后能显著降低C6细胞中P-NF-KBp65蛋白、细胞培养上清中MMP-9的含量（P〈0．01）,降低C6细胞的转移侵袭能力（P〈0．01）。结论：干扰ID1能抑制C6细胞的转移侵袭,其机制可能与抑制C6细胞中P-NF-K Bp65蛋白、MMP-9的表达有关。     

Impaired germ cell development due to compromised cell cycle progression in Skp2-deficient mice

Background

A high proliferative capacity of tumor cells usually is associated with shortened patient survival. Disruption of the RB pathway, which is critically involved in regulating the G1 to S cell cycle transition, is a frequent target of oncogenic events that are thought to contribute to increased proliferation during tumor progression. Previously, we determined that p18INK4c, an essential gene for normal plasma cell differentiation, was bi-allelically deleted in five of sixteen multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines. The present study was undertaken to investigate a possible role of p18INK4c in increased proliferation of myeloma tumors as they progress.

Results

Thirteen of 40 (33%) human myeloma cell lines do not express normal p18INK4c, with bi-allelic deletion of p18 in twelve, and expression of a mutated p18 fragment in one. Bi-allelic deletion of p18, which appears to be a late progression event, has a prevalence of about 2% in 261 multiple myeloma (MM) tumors, but the prevalence is 6 to10% in the 50 tumors with a high expression-based proliferation index. Paradoxically, 24 of 40 (60%) MM cell lines, and 30 of 50 (60%) MM tumors with a high proliferation index express an increased level of p18 RNA compared to normal bone marrow plasma cells, whereas this occurs in only five of the 151 (3%) MM tumors with a low proliferation index. Tumor progression is often accompanied by increased p18 expression and an increased proliferation index. Retroviral-mediated expression of exogenous p18 results in marked growth inhibition in three MM cell lines that express little or no endogenous p18, but has no effect in another MM cell line that already expresses a high level of p18.

Conclusion

Paradoxically, although loss of p18 appears to contribute to increased proliferation of nearly 10% of MM tumors, most MM cell lines and proliferative MM tumors have increased expression of p18. Apart from a small fraction of cell lines and tumors that have inactivated the RB1 protein, it is not yet clear how other MM cell lines and tumors have become insensitive to the anti-proliferative effects of increased p18 expression.     

Expression of FHL1 in gastric cancer tissue and its correlation with the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer

This study was performed to analyze the expression of four and a half LIM domains 1 (FHL1) in gastric carcinoma tissue and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer. In addition, the role of FHL1 in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells was investigated to provide an experimental basis for future treatments of gastric cancer. FHL1 mRNA and protein expression in gastric carcinoma and the adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissue were determined using RT-PCR and western blots. Correlations of FHL1 expression with the incidence, progression, and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer were analyzed. Changes in the invasion and metastatic potential of MKN45 human gastric cancer cells were observed after the transient transfection with an eukaryotic expression vector containing full-length FHL1. Expression of FHL1 mRNA in gastric carcinoma tissue was significantly lower than that in the adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.05). FHL1 expression in gastric carcinoma tissue from patients who were positive for lymph node metastasis was significantly lower than those in patients who were negative for lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Lower FHL1 expression was correlated with lower degrees of differentiation, higher TNM stages, and greater invasive potential of the gastric cancer (P < 0.05). The FHL1 mRNA and protein expression patterns were similar in gastric cancer. FHL1 protein expression in gastric carcinoma tissue was significantly lower than that in the surrounding normal tissue (P < 0.05). FHL1 protein expression was significantly lower in gastric carcinoma tissue from patients who were positive for lymph node metastasis than that detected in patients with no lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Lower FHL1 protein expression was correlated with lower degrees of differentiation, higher TNM stages, and greater invasive potential in gastric cancer (P < 0.05). However, the expression of FHL1 was independent of the patient's gender, age, and tumor size (P > 0.05). Overexpression of FHL1 in the MKN45 human gastric cancer cell line using an eukaryotic expression vector resulted in a significant reduction in the invasiveness and metastatic ability of these cells as determined using the Transwell chamber invasion assay (P < 0.05). The decrease in or loss of FHL1 expression may be related to the incidence, progression, invasiveness, and metastatic potential of gastric cancer.     

Dickkopf-1 is involved in invasive growth of esophageal cancer cells

Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. High levels of DKK1 protein were found in a series of cancers. However, the role of DKK1 in the progression of esophageal carcinoma is not fully understood. In the present study, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of DKK1 in esophageal carcinoma tissues, matched adjacent normal esophageal tissues, and esophageal carcinoma cell lines. Our results showed that the expression of DKK1 was upregulated on both mRNA and protein levels in esophageal carcinoma tissues compared with the adjacent normal esophageal tissues, meanwhile, in four esophageal carcinoma cell lines analyzed, expression of DKK1 was detected with different levels. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluoresence revealed that the distribution of DKK1 was mainly in the cytoplasm in both carcinoma tissues and cell lines. To further explore the biological effects of DKK1 on proliferation, cell cycle and invasion capability, we constructed the eukaryotic expression vector pCMV-Tab-2b-DKK1 which can effectively overexpress DKK1. Subsequently, we observed that exogenous expression of DKK1 in EC9706 cell line resulted in an increased rate of proliferation, and S stage and G2/M stage ratio whereas G0/G1 ratio was decreased. In order to evaluate the invasion capability Boyden chamber was analyzed which implied that overexpression of DKK1 resulted in an increase in the invasion ability in EC9706 cell line. Taken together, the study indicates that DKK1 might be a key regulator in the progression of esophageal carcinoma and a potential therapeutic target in esophageal carcinoma.     

Substance P immunoreactive nerve fibres are related to gastric cancer differentiation status and could promote proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells

Tachykinins such as SP (substance P) may be involved in the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma through binding to NK-1 receptor. However, the existence and relationship between SP and gastric cancer progression and differentiation remained unknown. We have studied the NK-1 receptor in human gastric cancer tissue and MKN45 cell line and found SP-containing nerve fibres in human gastric cancer and found that the amounts of SP-positive nerves were related to gastric cancer differentiation. SP could promote proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion of MKN45 cells in vitro. In addition, the intracellular calcium level of MKN45 cells was elevated after SP stimulation, and administration of CRACs (calcium release-activated calcium channels) inhibitor SKF-96365 could partially abolish these effects induced by SP. These results demonstrated that NK-1 receptor and SP-containing nerves existed in human gastric cancer; SP positive nerves may play an important role in human gastric cancer progression, and calcium is critically significant among SP-induced biological effects.     

The expression of p18INK4 and p27kip1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors is regulated differently during human B cell differentiation

Cell cycle progression is under the control of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), the activity of which is dependent on the expression of specific cdk inhibitors. In this paper we report that the two cdk inhibitors, p27(Kip1) and p18(INK4c), are differently expressed and control different steps of human B lymphocyte activation. Resting B cells contain large amounts of p27(Kip1) and no p18(INK4c). In vitro stimulation by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 strain or CD40 ligand associated with IL-10 and IL-2 induces a rapid decrease in p27(Kip1) expression combined with cell cycle entry and progression. In contrast, in vitro Ig production correlates with specific expression of p18(INK4c) and early G(1) arrest. This G(1) arrest is associated with inhibition of cyclin D3/cdk6-mediated retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation by p18(INK4c). A similar contrasting pattern of p18(INK4c) and p27(Kip1) expression is observed both in B cells activated in vivo and in various leukemic cells. Expression of p18(INK4c) was also detected in various Ig-secreting cell lines in which both maximum Ig secretion and specific p18(INK4c) expression were observed during the G(1) phase. Our study shows that p27(Kip1) and p18(INK4c) have different roles in B cell activation; p27(Kip1) is involved in the control of cell cycle entry, and p18(INK4c) is involved in the subsequent early G(1) arrest necessary for terminal B lymphocyte differentiation.     

Identification of differentially expressed genes in isogenic highly metastatic and poorly metastatic cell lines of R3230AC rat mammary adenocarcinoma

Tumour metastasis occurs as a result of a cascade of events including alterations in the expression of various genes. The identification of such genes is essential to understanding formation of metastasis. In a previous study, highly metastatic (LN4.D6) and poorly metastatic (CAb.D5) cell lines were obtained from the rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell line R3230AC. Subtractive hybridization was used to identify differentially expressed genes between these two cell lines. We identified eight cDNA clones in CAb.D5 and six cDNA clones in LN4.D6 that were differentially expressed. One of the cDNA clones in each cell line had no homology with known sequences. Expression patterns of these differentially expressed genes were examined in a pair of rat mammary and prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines. Compared with cell lines examined, cDNA FF-10 was only expressed in CAb.D5; however, cDNA RB-8, RE-1, RF-5 were only expressed in the highly metastatic LN4.D6. No correlation was observed between expression patterns of the differentially expressed genes and metastatic potential of these cells. However, differential expression of genes, especially cytokeratins (CK8 and CK5) and collagens (III and IV) between highly metastatic and low metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines might initiate further investigation of these genes in metastatic process.