神经生长因子的发光免疫分析法

介绍了一种灵敏的神经生长因子化学发光免疫测定方法。小鼠神经生长因子的抗体ＩｇＧ用亲和层析纯化并用吖啶酯标记。该法可用于大鼠组织中ＮＧＦ含量的测定。方法的灵敏度为１０ｐｇ／ｍＬＮＧＦ;批内批间变异系数分别为８．７％及１３．２％;回收率平均１０３％。ｍＥＧＦ抗体对人的ＮＧＦ也有极强的交叉反应,故本方法也能用于病人血清或脑脊液中ＮＧＦ含量的测定。     

等电聚焦法测定2.5S NGF的等电点

采用水平等电聚焦法测定了２５Ｓｍ神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ）的等电点。经测定,纯化的２５ＳｍＮＧＦ的等电聚焦为三条带,这与文献报道相一致,等电点ｐＨ值分别为ｐＨ８７、９０、９３,其主要成分为β亚基ＮＧＦ及其修饰物的混合物,包括在羧基端失去８个氨基酸残基和在氨基端失去１个精氨酸残基,由这三种组分构成的ＮＧＦ统称为２５ＳｍＮＧＦ。     

蛇毒神经生长因子生物活性研究

从蛇毒中分离的神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ）,经用鸡胚背根神经节做生物活性测定,发现能促进神经节树突最大生长的最小ＮＧＦ浓度为２．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ。半成品的毫克蛋白（ｍｇＰ）比活性在１．５４×１０５～５．３５×１０５Ｕ／ｍｇＰ之间。经用ＨＰＬＣ和ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳做纯度分析,主峰面积在９５％以上。并从四种ＮＧＦ成品赋形剂中选出了理想的配方     

采用一种新介质纯化神经生长因子

采用一种新闻子交换介质Ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓ－ＩｏｎＣ（简称ＩｏｎＣ）使鼠神经生长因子（ｍＮＧＦ）能得到规模纯化。以鼠颌下腺为原料,匀浆后,经Ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓ－ＩｏｎＣ纯化得单一组分的ｍＮＧＦ,用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定其相对分子质量约为１３．７×１０＾３,比活约２．３×１０＾５Ｕ／ｍｇ。结果表明ＩｏｎＣ可替代ＣＭ－５２,且更适于工因子的规模化生产。     

GDNF重组腺病毒增加MN9D细胞多巴胺合成与释放

有表达ＧＤＮＦ的重组腺病毒直接感染中脑多巴胺能神经元来源的ＭＮ９Ｄ细胞并经神经毒素ＭＰＰ＋处理．感染３６ｈ分别收获细胞及其培养基,用反相高效液相色谱方法测定多巴胺含量．结果显示,经ＧＤＮＦ重组腺病毒感染的ＭＮ９Ｄ细胞内及其培养基中的多巴胺水平分别增加５０．７％和５３．５％．给予神经毒素ＭＰＰ＋损伤后,细胞内多巴胺含量降低５３．５％,但同时给予ＧＤＮＦ腺病毒则可抑制这种降低,并使多巴胺水平增加１４１．３％．以上结果提示ＧＤＮＦ腺病毒可提高细胞内的多巴胺水平并促进其释放,同时还具有对抗神经毒素ＭＰＰ＋损伤作用,表明ＧＤＮＦ重组腺病毒用于帕金森氏病基因治疗具有良好的前景．     

神经生长因子的信号转导

神经生长因子的信号转导李智任一萍（华东师范大学生物系,上海２０００６２）关键词神经生长因子神经营养蛋白神经营养因子信号转导图１ＮＧＦ的信号转导机制Ａ．ＮＧＦ的信号转导概况Ｂ．Ｒａｓ的激活？未知转录调节因子．——转导途径．促进．抑制神经生长因子（ｎ...     

N42—A神经生长因子诱导PC12细胞分化的抑制作用

研究表明,缺乏神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ）的营养支持是Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ′ｓ等神经元退行性疾病发生发展的重要原因,而ＮＧＦ和／或ＮＧＦ受体的过度表达则与一些神经系统肿瘤的发生发展有着十分密切的因果关系。采用＾１２５Ｉ－ＮＧＦ受体特异结合实验作为ＮＧＦ受体活性物质筛选实验模型从中药牛膝中筛选出了能强烈地抑制＾１２５Ｉ－ＮＧＦ受体结合的活性成分Ｎ４２－Ａ（ＩＣ５０＝６．１８±３．４３,ｎ＝４）;细胞培养实验     

神经生长因子在6—OHDA化学性去交感神经中的保护作用

本实验用６－ＯＨＤＡ造成成年小白鼠颌下腺化学性去交感神经,观察了神经生长因子对该神经的保护作用。６－ＯＨＤＡ处理后２４小时腺体内去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）含量降至正常水平的２％以下。若在６－ＯＨＤＡ处理同时开始多次给予神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ）,则ＮＥ残留量明显提高。减小６－ＯＨＤＡ剂量到１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,ＮＥ残留量增加,同时ＮＧＦ的作用亦较用６－ＯＨＤＡ１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ时列为显著。若提前２４小时给予ＮＧＦ,尽     

神经生长因子在6－OHDA化学性去交感神经中的保护作用

本实验用６－ＯＨＤＡ造成成年小白鼠领下腺化学性去交感神经,观察了神经生长因子对该神经的保护作用。６－ＯＨＤＡ（１５ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｐ）处理后２４ｈ腺体内去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）含量降至正常水平的２％以下。若在６－ＯＨＤＡ处理同时开始多次给予神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ）,则ＮＥ残留量明显提高。减小６－ＯＨＤＡ剂量至１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,ＮＥ残留量增加,同时ＮＧＦ的作用亦较用６－ＯＨＤＡ１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ时更为显著。若提前２４ｈ给予ＮＧＦ,尽管仍显著提高ＮＥ残留量,但程度却显然低于与６－ＯＨＤＡ同时给予者。以上结果表明外源性ＮＧＦ对６－ＯＨＤＡ造成交感神经化学性损毁有保护作用,此作用与神经受损的严重程度以及ＮＧＦ处理时间有关。     

江浙蝮蛇(Agkistrodon halys Pallas)蛇毒神经生长因子的分离纯化和特性

神经生长因子（ｎｅｒｖｅ ｇｒｏｗ ｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒ, Ｎ Ｇ Ｆ）是第一个被发现,也是迄今为止研究得最为清楚的一种神经营养因子 利用 Ｐ Ｃ１２ 细胞生物活力测定为跟踪检测手段,分别经过 Ｃ Ｍ Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ Ｃ Ｌ ６ Ｂ、 Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ ７５ 及 Ｆ Ｐ Ｌ Ｃ ｍ ｏｎｏ Ｓ层析,从３０ ｇ 江浙蝮蛇粗毒中分离纯化到２００ μｇ Ｎ Ｇ Ｆ,纯化倍数高达１０５经 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 测定,该蛋白分子量为 ２６ ｋ Ｄ,由两个亚基通过二硫键交联组成二体形式等电聚焦显示其等电点为６７,与氨基酸组成分析结果相吻合 江浙蝮蛇神经生长因子的生物活力水平与小鼠２５ Ｓ Ｎ Ｇ Ｆ相当,在１～１００ μｇ／ Ｌ 的浓度范围内维持 Ｐ Ｃ１２ 细胞在无血清条件下的存活     

TF-1细胞增殖法测定神经生长因子生物学活性的建立与应用

目的：建立并优化用于检测神经生长因子（NGF）生物学活性的TF-1细胞增殖法,并应用于重组人NGF和鼠NGF制品的活性检测。方法：将梯度稀释的人NGF国际参考品与TF-1细胞相作用,通过MTT法测定细胞增殖情况,建立测定NGF活性的TF-1细胞增殖法;从粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（CM-CSF）残留、NGF加样稀释率、TF-1细胞接种浓度、培养时间等多个环节对实验条件进行优化;将建立的TF-1细胞增殖法应用于重组人NGF和鼠NGF的活性检测。结果：建立了用于NGF活性检测的TF-1细胞增殖法;实验条件优化结果表明,在无GM-CSF残留的情况下,将稀释至1／4的NGF样品与4×10^5／mL的细胞相互作用,培养48h,可以得到更为典型的的四参数曲线;利用条件优化后建立的检测方法对重组入NGF和鼠NGF各2批样品分别进行4次测定,结果平均值分别为10．01×10^5、10．81×10^5和3．55×10^5、3．30×10^5U／mg,变异系数分别为7．5％、7．2％和7．2％、9．1％,检测结果稳定均一,表明检测方法具有很好的重复性。结论：建立并优化了用于NGF活性检测的TF-1细胞增殖法,该方法操作简便、定量准确、重复性好、稳定可靠,可有效应用于人NGF和鼠NGF制品的活性检测。     

利用SEC—HPLC测定鼠神经生长因子的纯度

目的：建立检测鼠神经生长因子（mNGF）纯度的分子排阻高效液相色谱法（SEC-HPLC）。方法：利用TSK G3000 SWXL分析柱和Waters 2695/2487高效液相色谱系统检测mNGF标准品纯度,并对方法的专属性、线性、重复性、中间精密度、检测限及耐用性等指标进行评估。结果：空白溶剂在mNGF积分范围内无特异峰出现;样品浓度与吸收峰之间线性回归系数R2=0.9998;6次进样峰面积相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.18%;中间精密度分析RSD为0.45%;检测限为0.2μg;耐用性实验表明磷酸盐浓度在0.2~0.3 mol/L之间变动对检测结果无影响。结论：各项指标符合规定,SEC-HPLC法可用于检测mNGF的纯度。     

Human nerve growth factor: Lack of immunocrossreactivity with mouse nerve growth factor

Human β-nerve growth factor (hNGF) was purified from term human placenta. The biological potency of hNGF in the chick dorsal root ganglion assay did not differ significantly from that of mouse NGF (mNGF). Molecular weight determinations of mNGF and hMGF were also similar. No immunological crossreactivity was noted between hNGF, at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, and mNGF in a radioimmunoassay for mNGF using 6 different antisera to mNGF. hNGF shares several properties with mNGF but is immunological distinct. The results of studies in man using antisera to mNGF should be interpreted with caution.     

The unprocessed C-terminal dipeptide of recombinant beta-nerve growth factor determines three stable forms with distinct biological activities.

The processing of polypeptide neurotrophins in the nervous system is poorly understood. In this paper, we provide information on the effects of C-terminal processing of nerve growth factor. Three forms of recombinant mouse beta-nerve growth factor (rNGF) were produced and isolated from insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. The three purified forms of rNGF exhibited distinct biological activities and differed in their abilities to compete with high affinity binding of mouse beta-nerve growth factor (mNGF). However, they were chemically and structurally indistinguishable from each other. All three forms of rNGF differed from mature mNGF from mouse submaxillary gland in that the C-terminal Arg-Gly dipeptide had not been proteolytically removed. Removal of the C-terminal dipeptide by gamma-NGF peptidase treatment converted the three forms into a single form identical with mature mNGF. The above results demonstrate that a single polypeptide of rNGF, due to the presence of a C-terminal dipeptide, exhibits three stable dimeric protein conformations with distinct biological activities. The apparent lack of gamma-NGF peptidase in the nervous system raises the possibility that the biologically significant form of NGF may differ from mature mNGF; such a difference may be of physiological relevance.     

Probing the structure-function relationship of nerve growth factor

We compared the receptor binding, antigenicity, biological activation, and cell-mediated proteolytic degradation properties of mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF) and human NGF (hNGF). The affinity of hNGF toward human NGF-receptor is greater than that of mNGF, but the affinity of mNGF toward rat NGF-receptor is greater than that of hNGF. Thus, the specificity of the interaction between NGF and its receptor resides both on the NGF and on its receptor. Using a group of anti-NGF monoclonal antibodies that competitively inhibit the binding of NGF to receptor, sites differing between mNGF and hNGF were detected. Together, these results indicate that the sites on hNGF and mNGF, responsible for binding to NGF-receptor, are similar but not identical. In comparing the relative abilities of mNGF and hNGF to stimulate a biological response in PC12 cells, we observed that mNGF was better at stimulating neurite outgrowth than was hNGF, consistent with the differences observed for receptor binding affinity. However, the ED₅₀ for biological activation is approximately 100-fold lower than theK _d for receptor occupancy, and, thus, the dose-response curve is not consistent with a simple activation proportional to receptor occupancy. The data are consistent with a model requiring a low-level threshold occupancy of NGF-receptor (K _d=10^–9 M) in order to stimulate full biological activity. Finally, we observed the degradation of NGF by PC12 cells. We found that the NGF molecule is significantly degraded via a receptor-mediated uptake mechanism. Together, the data provide insight into regions of the NGF molecule involved in contacts with the receptor leading to formation of the NGF: NGF-receptor complex. Additionally, they establish the link between occupancy of receptor and biological activation and the requirement for receptor-mediated uptake in order to degrade NGF proteolytically in cultured PC12 cells.     

小鼠神经生长因子直接竞争酶联免疫检测方法的建立

目的:利用小鼠神经生长因子(mNGF)和纯化的兔抗mNGF IgG,建立mNGF直接竞争酶联免疫检测方法。方法:以亲和纯化兔抗mNGF IgG作为包被抗体,封闭、洗涤后加入用稀释液稀释的不同浓度的标准mNGF或样品液和生物素标记的mNGF混合液,于37℃孵育80 min或室温孵育120 min,洗涤后加入辣根过氧化物酶标记的链酶亲和素,洗涤后加入显色液显色,测定D450nm值,通过标准曲线计算待测样品中mNGF含量。结果与结论:建立了mNGF直接竞争酶联免疫检测方法;该方法的灵敏度约20 ng,变异系数为批内≤10%、批间≤15%,回收率为85%～115%;利用该方法检测了3批样品中mNGF的含量。     

Synthesis and biological activity of polyethylene glycol-mouse nerve growth factor conjugate

Conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives with therapeutic proteins is a promising approach for enhancing protein stability and, therefore, effectiveness. An N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester of fluorescein-PEG 2000 was used for chemical modification of mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF), a dimeric protein with therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease. The mNGF-PEG2000-fluorescein conjugate was characterized by RP-HPLC, spectrofluorometry, and SDS-PAGE and was biologically active, as determined by two independent NGF-specific assays (enhancement of ChAT activity in fetal neurons and neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells). The conjugate was not detectable by a standard NGF ELISA, suggesting a fortuitous reduction in protein recognition by antibodies.     

Biologically active human and mouse nerve growth factors secreted by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a trophic agent that is essential for the development and survival of sympathetic and sensory nerves. A chemically-synthesized DNA fragment encoding human NGF (hNGF) and a cDNA encoding mouse NGF (mNGF) were engineered for expression in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression and secretion of hNGF and mNGF was attempted under the direction of the yeast PGK promoter and with various leader sequences. Among the leader sequences tested, that of the yeast -factor successfully directed secretion of both hNGF and mNGF that were correctly processed. The content of the recombinant NGF (reNGF) in the culture supernatant was estimated to be 1 g/ml. The yeast-produced reNGF was able to bind to NGF receptors in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells as efficiently as the standard mNGF, and partially purified reNGF could induce neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Thus, we have demonstrated that biologically active human and mouse reNGF can be produced in yeast cells. Correspondence to: M. Nishizawa     

A common mechanism for recombinant human NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and murine NGF slow unfolding

The recombinant human nerve growth factor (hNGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4/5 (NT4/5), and murine NGF (mNGF) dimers all undergo rapid unfolding and dissociation to monomer in GdnHCl. Fluorescence spectroscopy, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and size-exclusion chromatography were used to show that this monomer M1 converts slowly to a more fully unfolded monomer, M2, by a first order process with half-lives of 22, 2.5, 1.6, and 0.73 h for hNGF, mNGF, NT-3, and BDNF, respectively, at 25 degrees C. Linear Arrhenius plots for the conversion of M1 to M2 yielded activation energies of 27, 22, 24, and 24 kcal/mol for hNGF, mNGF, NT-3, and BDNF, respectively. The refolding of these neurotrophins from 5 M GdnHCl was also first order with NT-3 the slowest to refold and BDNF the fastest. Threading of the N-terminus out through the cystine-knot loop present in each of these proteins is proposed as the slow step in unfolding. The number of amino acids in the cystine-knot loop (14 for hNGF, mNGF, NT-3, and BDNF; 21 for NT4/5), and the number and position of the proline residues in this loop (2 for hNGF; 1 for mNGF, NT-3, BDNF, and NT4/5) correlate with the relative rates of unfolding. The smaller the loop and the greater the number of prolines, the more hindered and slower the unfolding.     

Anticonvulsant effect of cytoskeletal depolymerizers in combination with potassium channel opener and adenylate cyclase activator; a causative link with nerve growth factor?

Anticonvulsant effect of cytoskeletal depolymerizing drugs in combination with potassium channel (KATP) opener and adenylate cyclase activator was evaluated in animal models of epilepsy. Seizures were induced in the animals by subjecting them to maximal electroshock (MES) or by injecting a chemical convulsant, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Moreover a correlation with the nerve growth factor (NGF) was also investigated. The anticonvulsant effect of minoxidil (1200 micrograms/kg i.p.) and Deacetylforskolin (600 micrograms/kg i.p.) was significantly enhanced in the mice pre-treated with cytoskeletal depolymerizing drugs. On the other hand nerve growth factor potentiated the convulsive phenomenon and decreased the seizure threshold in both the electroshock and chemically induced convulsions. Another interesting feature was the interaction of cytochalasin B, a microfilament disrupter in preventing the action of mNGF and PTZ. This study demonstrates the importance of interaction between cytoskeletal structures and signalling molecules in determining the convulsive threshold. This study clearly points to the importance of the nerve growth factor in convulsive phenomenon.