中国普米族、傈僳族STR遗传多态性研究

采用荧光标记STR基因扫描技术对普米族和傈僳族进行了STR多态性调查,9个STR基因座在普米族群体中,检出85个等位基因,194种基因型,其频率分布在0．0050－0．5250和0．0098－0．3235,在傈僳族群体中,共检出63个等位基因,145种基因型,其频率分布在0．0050－0．4802和0．0099－0．3664,χ2检验表明,各基因座的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律（P＞0．05）,统计学结果显示,这些遗传标记在普米族和傈僳族群体中,杂合度均大于0．6,平均多态信息量高于0．7,个体识别力在0．8以上,非父排除率也都超过了0．5,说明实验所选STR标记对民族群体遗传学研究是极为有价值的。     

广西仫佬族9个STR的遗传多态性研究

本文采用PCR-STR及基因分型技术,研究广西仫佬族183例无关个体9个STR位点的遗传多态性分布,建立仫佬族群体的遗传学数据库。经统计分析,在9个STR位点共检出70种等位基因,其频率分布在0·0027~0·5301之间;207种基因型,其频率分布在0·0055~0·3388之间;平均杂合度为0·7298,平均多态信息总量为0·7016,累积个体识别力达0·999999999,累积非父排除率达0·999098。与不同民族比较结果显示:广西仫佬族与广西苗、回族及云南、北方各民族之间绝大多数基因座存在显著差异,而与广西壮族和湖南汉族之间绝大多数基因座均无差异。以上数据可为群体遗传学、法医学及人类学等研究提供重要的资料。     

中国广西壮族9个STR基因座遗传多态性研究

选择9个STR基因座（D3S1358、vWA、FGA、TH01、TPOX、CSF1PO、D5S818、D13S317、D7S820）,采用四色荧光标记STR基因扫描技术,对中国广西壮族的群体遗传多态性进行研究,检测91名无关个体血液样本,共检出62种等位片段,其频率分布在0．0054－0．5495之间;检出169种基因型,其频率分布在0．0110－0．3297之间。9个STR基因座的基因型频率期望与观察值均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律（P＞0．05）。9个基因座多态信息量（polymorphic information content)PIC≥0．6088,杂合度（heterozygosity)H≥0．8165。计算种族,民族之间的遗传距离并对之进行比较,结果显示,中国广西壮族与美国白人及美国黑人存在显著差异,与黑人之间的差异大于与白人之间的差异;广西壮族与西安汉族的关系近于与其他少数民族的关系,种族民族之间的聚类分析结果显示,现有资料分为黑种人,白种人和黄种人（我国各民族）3类。     

中国纳西族STR遗传结构研究

采用荧光标记STR基因扫描技术对纳西族进行了STR多态性调查。 9个STR基因座在纳西族群体中 ,检出72个等位基因、16 5种基因型 ,其频率分布在 0 .0 0 5 2～ 0 .5 2 0 8和 0 .0 10 4～ 0 .30 2 1。χ2 检验表明 ,各基因座的基因型分布符合Hardy Weinberg平衡定律 (P >0 .0 5 )。统计学结果显示 ,这些遗传标记在纳西族群体中 ,H均大于 0 .6 ,平均PIC高于 0 .7,平均DP在 0 .8以上 ,EPP也都超过了 0 .5。说明实验所选STR标记在进行民族群体遗传学研究时是极有价值的     

云南怒族STR基因座遗传多态性研究

本文选择9个STR基因座和Amelogenin基因座,利用基因测序,采用基因扫描技术,对云南怒族聚集地区84名无关个体血样进行研究,建立了云南怒族9个STR基因座的基因频率数据库。用χ2检验,9个STR基因座基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。与其他民族资料一样,本课题所获得的云南怒族9个STR基因座数据是一组有价值的DNA多态性遗传标记资料。为建立我国不同民族STR基因数据库提供了资料。 Abstract:In this study,blood samples were randomly drawn from 84 unrelated Nu individuals.The polymorphism of nine STR loci and Amelogenin locus were determined by DNA GeneScan.The genetic database on the distribution of gene frequency on the nine STR loci was established,statistical results showed that the genotype distributions were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equation.Compared with other population,the results in our study were of great value in human DNA genetic data instant method with the characteristics of precision and sensitivity.     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族阿尔茨海默病Neprilysin基因单核苷酸多态性研究

摘要目的：探讨新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族脑啡肽酶（Neprilysin,NEP）基因单核苷酸多态性与阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’SdiseaseAD）的关系。方法：对新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族≥50岁8284名人群进行AD流行病学调查,参照ADRDA．NINCDS的标准,选取散发性阿尔茨海默病（sporadicAlzheimer’s disease,SAD）患者209例（AD组）与正常对照220例（对照组）,应用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态性技术（PCR）检测NEP基因多态性,采用病例一对照的关联分析方法对NEP基因rs3736187位点进行基因型和等位基因频率分析。结果：（1）新疆维吾尔族、汉族两民族AD组与对照组间NEP基因基因型频率和等位基因频率分布差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。携带T等位基因个体出现AD的危险性高于携带c等位基因的个体（0R=1．981,P〈0．05）。（2）新疆维吾尔族、汉族不同民族之间比较NEP基因基因型频率和等位基因频率分布差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而在同一民族中AD组和对照组之间比较NEP基因等位基因频率分布差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（3）两个年龄分段（〈65岁及≥65岁）之间NEP基因基因型频率和等位基因频率分布差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而在同一年龄段内部AD组与对照组间等位基因频率分布差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（4）男性、女性之间NEP基因基因型频率和等位基因频率分布差异均无统计学意义,而在女性AD组与对照组间等位基因频率分布差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：NEP基因rs3736187位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在新疆维吾尔族、汉族两民族间的分布相似;NEP基因的T等位基因是SAD的危险因素,在新疆维吾尔族、汉族两民族及女性SAD的发病中起重要作用。     

新疆4个民族STR基因座遗传多态性研究

对新疆维吾尔放族,锡伯族,乌孜别克族,柯尔克孜族4个民族的400份样本和40个家系进行STR基因扫描,基因分型和遗传结构分析。获得了4个民族STR遗传特征及遗传方式等的科学数据。结果为9个STR基因座上维吾尔族有66种STR等位基因,148种基因型;锡伯族有72种STR等位基因,163种基因型;乌孜别克族有65种TSR等位基因,168种基因型;柯尔克孜族有71种STR等位基因,191种基因型,用新疆4个民族的数据和汉族人群,美国高加索人群,美国黑人相比较发现,中国民族遗传特征数据之间差异不显著,而和国外民族相比差异显著,进一步证明中华民族是一个不可分割的大家庭。     

中国汉族人群(西安)STR基因扫描与遗传结构

选择9种STR基因位点和Amelogenin基因位点,以测序为基础,研究我国汉族人群STR遗传结构.采用基因自动测序仪建立了10个位点基因分析方法,通过对汉族群体的基因扫描、基因分型和遗传结构分析,获得了STR基因传递特征的大量基因遗传数据,在汉族人群DP为1.05×10-0,EPP为0.9998,为建立我国不同民族STR基因数据库、基因资源研究与保护奠定了基础,为生物考古、基因诊断、性别鉴定、个人识别,司法审判、侦察破案提供有力的科学依据.     

应用15个STRs揭示广西4个少数民族的遗传关系

为研究广西仫佬、毛南、苗和瑶族的15个短串联重复序列（STR）基因座的遗传多态性,探讨这4个民族群体的遗传差异和进化关系。通过PCR-STR及测序仪,检测了广西4个民族766例无关个体的15个STR位点基因频率的分布并比较各民族间的差异,计算遗传学参数、遗传距离和构建系统进化树。结果显示：仫佬、毛南、苗和瑶族的15个STR位点分别共检出135,134,148,145种等位基因和424,432,445,436种基因型;各民族的平均Ho〉0.7,累积DP,EPP和PIC均在0.99999以上;毛南族和苗族,瑶族和其他民族间在多数位点的基因频率分布上存在显著差异,而仫佬族和毛南族或苗族间在多数位点上不存在差异;4个民族在进化树上被分为两组,仫佬族和毛南族聚成一组,苗族和瑶族聚成另一组。说明广西仫佬、毛南、苗和瑶族的15个STR基因座具有高度的遗传多态性,实用价值较高,是一组可用于人类群体遗传学、法医学个体识别和亲子鉴定等研究的有力工具;4个民族STR的遗传差异性和遗传关系与他们的语言文化和民族历史基本一致。     

云南白族、傣族、彝族X染色体STR基因座的遗传多态性及其与中国5个主要民族的遗传关系

应用复合PCR及基因扫描技术, 对云南白族、傣族、彝族人群X染色体3个STR基因座DXS6804、DXS6799、DXS7132的遗传多态性进行研究。白族89个样本中共检出18个等位基因, 38个基因型, 等位基因频率分布在0.0200~0.6400之间, 基因型频率分布在0.0256~0.3333之间; 傣族100个样本中共检出17个等位基因, 24个基因型, 等位基因频率分布在0.0135~0.7500之间, 基因型频率分布在0.0385~0.5769之间; 彝族88个样本中共检出20个等位基因, 35个基因型, 等位基因频率分布在0.0125~0.5875之间, 基因型频率分布在0.0250~0.3500之间。群体遗传多态性指标及法医学应用指标统计结果显示, 3个基因座在云南3个少数民族人群中均具有高度多态性。聚类分析和系统进化关系分析发现, 彝族、白族、傣族与藏族之间的遗传关系较近。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.