青藏茶藨子种子中的脂肪酸含量分析

藨用超临界萃取技术对青藏高原藏药特有植物青藏茶藨子种子中脂肪酸进行了萃取,其萃取率为12．0%。用毛细管气相色谱进行分离和分析,结果表明不饱和脂肪酸在90％以上。其中α-亚麻酸26．23％、γ-亚麻酸2．60%、亚油酸43．21％。     

γ-亚麻酸产生菌Mucor sp．EIM-10的筛选及分子鉴定

为了获得高产γ-亚麻酸（γ-linolenic acid,GLA）的菌株,利用苏丹黑染色法筛选获得1株GLA产生菌EIM-10,通过摇瓶培养,其生物量可达11．882g／L,菌丝体油脂含量可达18．86％。气相色谱-质谱（GC—MS）分析表明其γ-亚麻酸质量分数（占总脂肪酸）高达27．68％。为进一步鉴定该菌株,克隆测定了该菌18SrRNA基因序列,并对其进行系统进化树分析,结果表明该菌属于毛霉属,与Mucor racemosus、Mucor plumbeus、Mucor ramosissimus与Mucor circinelloides同属一个分支。     

青藏茶子种子中的脂肪酸含量分析

用超临界萃取技术对青藏高原藏药特有植物青藏茶子种子中脂肪酸进行了萃取,其萃取率为12.0%。用毛细管气相色谱进行分离和分析,结果表明不饱和脂肪酸在90%以上。其中α-亚麻酸26.23%、γ-亚麻酸2.60%、亚油酸43.21%。     

罗勒籽脂肪酸及其对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B(PTP1B)抑制作用的研究

利用索氏提取法提取罗勒籽油,向罗勒籽油加入氢氧化钾甲醇溶液后并用水浴加热,加入正已烷和蒸馏水萃取,上清液即为罗勒籽油中脂肪酸,用气相色谱质谱法(CC/MS)对脂肪酸进行鉴定.共鉴定出了4种脂肪酸,其中α-亚麻酸为62.88％、亚油酸为20.66％、棕榈酸为10.67％、硬脂酸为5.79％.对罗勒籽脂肪酸进行PTP1B的抑制作用研究,结果表明脂肪酸对PTP1B有较强的抑制作用,其IC50为11.12 μg/mL.该研究为深入研究罗勒籽的药理作用提供了科学依据.     

毛细管气相色谱内标法测定核桃油中的脂肪酸

测定了核桃油的脂肪酸组成,建立了以十七烷酸甲酯为内标物,用毛细管气相色谱同时测定核桃油五种脂肪酸（棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸）的方法。样品经氢氧化钾．甲醇皂化、三氟化硼．甲醇酯化后使生成相应的脂肪酸甲酯,以DM-FFAP毛细管柱分离,火焰离子化检测器测定。用保留时间定性,内标法定量。结果表明,在所选择的条件下,核桃油脂肪酸在10min内能获得较好的分离;五种脂肪酸的峰面积与其质量浓度有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0．998;样品加标回收率（n=6）为92．5％-100．3％,相对标准偏差为2．41％-4．31％。该方法操作简便、快速、准确,适合批量样品的测定。     

缺刻缘绿藻脂肪酸延长酶基因在拟南芥中的表达分析

缺刻缘绿藻(Myrmecia incisa)系单细胞淡水绿藻,能够大量合成并积累花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,ArA,20:4ω6),尤其在氮饥饿条件下.基于该绿藻中的延长酶基因序列构建双元表达载体,通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导侵染拟南芥(Arabidopisis thaliana),筛选得到携带MiFAE基因的拟南芥转化株.在转基因第3代(T3)植株中应用PCR扩增目的基因片段和GUS染色,分别在DNA、mRNA和表达水平上均成功地检测到MiFAE基因的存在.GC-MS对不同组织甲酯化的脂肪酸进行检测,结果表明,在转基因的拟南芥营养生长期的叶片中,十六碳三烯酸(hexadecaterienoic acid,C16:3△7,10,13)和α-亚麻酸( α-linolenic acid,C18:3△9,12,15,ALA)在总脂肪酸中的百分含量与对照组相比明显下降,分别由10.5％和41.5％降到1.8％和19.6％.结合GUS染色结果,推测这些减少的产物可能通过外源MiFAE基因的作用,直接参与了蜡质或角质的合成代谢途径.     

紫苏化学成分分析

对紫苏（Ｐｅｒｉｌｌａｆｒｕｔｅｓｃｅｎｓｖａｒ．ａｒｇｕｔａ）植物叶片及种子进行了化学成分分析,结果表明,紫苏叶片中粗蛋白含量较高,为２８％,β－胡萝卜素含量为２４．７ｍｇ／ｋｇ,全株挥发油含量为０．２２％～２．７０％;紫苏种子油脂肪酸中α－亚麻酸含量为６２．９％,研究结果为合理开发利用我国野生紫苏植物资源提供了重要依据。     

滇池水华蓝藻中γ-亚麻酸的提取与含量分析

目的：在控制水华蓝藻的同时,有效利用滇池富营养化水体的水华蓝藻。方法：藻类资源。以从滇池中收集的水华蓝藻干粉为材料,对从水华蓝藻中γ-亚麻酸的含量进行了分析,对提取γ-亚麻酸的几个基本参数进行了研究。结果：直接用萃取溶剂浸泡藻粉,并用超声波破碎细胞,可以简化操作且增加γ-亚麻酸得率;石油醚是比较合适的萃取溶剂;进行皂化反应时所用皂化液为(KOH-CH3CH2OH-H2O)。最适反应温度为50～60℃,γ-亚麻酸酯在氮气保护下进行酸化可以防止游离出来的γ-亚麻酸被氧化。滇池水华蓝藻中γ-亚麻酸的含量达到0．8957％。     

Δ^6-脂肪酸脱氢酶对n-6和n-3途径中脂肪酸底物的偏好

添加α-亚麻酸作为底物,经半乳糖诱导,在含有少根根霉Δ^6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的酿酒酵母总脂肪酸中检测到十八碳四烯酸的生成;同时添加亚油酸和α-亚麻酸时,检测到γ-亚麻酸和十八碳四烯酸生成,而且十八碳四烯酸的含量是γ-亚麻酸含量的3．81倍,表明在酿酒酵母中少根根霉Δ^6-脂肪酸脱氢酶不仅能催化α-亚麻酸生成十八碳四烯酸,而且偏好n-3途径中的底物α-亚麻酸。同样,在改变少根根霉Δ^6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的转译起始密码子周边序列后所构建的转基因酵母,也得到类似的结果,而且各种目的脂肪酸的含量均有明显提高。     

培养条件对钝顶螺旋藻(Sp)NS-90020脂肪酸组成和含量的影响

研究了不同培养条件对钝顶螺旋藻（Sp）NS－90020脂肪酸合成的影响。随着温度升高,其不饱和脂肪酸,γ一亚麻酸（GLA）相对含量降低,总脂肪酸含量升高,当温度为40℃时总脂肪酸和γ-亚麻酸绝对含量都达到最大值,分别为73．4mg／g干重和11．9mg／g干重;当培养基中NaCl浓度高于0．017mol／L时,其GLA相对含量降低,但低于0．0017mol／L时,对其脂肪酸组成无显著影响;氨水使其脂肪酸和GLA绝对含量升高,并在50mgN（NH3·H2O）时达到最大值,分别为67．96mg／g干重和13．63mg／g千重;暗处理92h使其总脂肪酸和GLA绝对含量升高;缺乏Fe2 或Mg2 或Mo2 时,其总脂肪酸和GLA绝对含量降低,而缺乏PO43-时,其总脂肪酸和GLA绝对含量略有升高。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.