产碱性木聚糖酶芽孢杆菌HSⅠ的筛选及发酵条件研究

通过碱性培养基分离到耐碱的芽孢杆菌HSⅠ,研究了碳源,氮源,培养温度,培养基起始pH,培养时间,接种量,通气量,添加物对HSⅠ菌产木聚糖酶的影响。测定出其产酶最佳培养条件;麸皮6%,（NH4）2SO40。2%,NaNO30.4%。蛋白胨0.6%,起始pH为10.5,接种量为5%,250mL三角瓶装液量为50mL。最佳培养温度为37℃,培养时间为96h,其酶活力最高达54IU/mL。     

耐盐碱菌株的分离筛选及生物学特性和盐碱去除效率的研究

将采集于黑龙江省大庆市盐碱地的土壤样品经适当稀释后,涂布于高盐碱的培养基中,分离纯化获得41株菌。经过不断分别或同时提高培养基的盐、碱浓度进行耐盐碱菌株的筛选,获得1株耐盐碱菌株7,其在pH值13且盐(NaCl)浓度达到200g.L-1的培养基中仍可生长,该菌株既属于极端嗜盐微生物又属于极端嗜碱微生物。分别于不同碳源、氮源、碳氮比、初始pH值和培养温度条件下,对菌株7的生物学特性和盐、碱去除能力进行研究。结果表明,该菌株生长和去除盐碱的最佳碳源为牛肉膏;最佳氮源为蛋白胨;碳氮比为4:1时,最有利于菌株的生长和对盐、碱的去除;菌株生长的最适初始pH值为9.5,最适温度为20℃,而盐、碱去除的最佳温度则为30～35℃。     

利用农业废弃物生产嗜热真菌(T.lanuginosus)耐热木聚糖酶的固体发酵研究

研究了嗜热真菌(Thermomyces lanuginosus CBS288.54-M18)生产木聚糖酶的碳氮源组成、料水比、培养基初始pH值、发酵温度及接种量等的影响.结果表明,以麦麸和玉米芯粉(8:2)作为复合碳源,酵母膏和胰蛋白胨(1:1)作为复合氮源时,菌株所产的木聚糖酶量相比未优化碳氮源的培养基提高幅度高达200%.其最佳产酶的料水比为1:3,培养基初始pH 7.0为最适.菌株在50℃条件下发酵5 d,能够得到活力高达15023 U/g干基碳源的木聚糖酶制剂,且该酶制剂不合纤维素酶和蛋白酶活性.     

蛋白酶产生菌LN01水解玉米黄粉蛋白的研究

玉米黄粉中含有约质量分数60%的蛋白质,但很难直接应用,必须进行预处理.本文以玉米黄粉为原料,利用蛋白酶产生菌LN01进行液体发酵,分别研究了液体接种量、初始pH、培养温度和培养时间等因素对LN01菌株水解玉米黄粉蛋白的影响.实验结果表明,LN01菌株水解玉米黄粉蛋白的最佳发酵条件为:初始pH值为6.0,液体种子接种量...     

嗜酸青霉酸性木聚糖酶产生特性及部分酶学性质

从煤矿酸性废水中分离到一株产木聚糖酶青霉,通过酸性液体培养研究了菌体生长对pH的响应及木聚糖酶的产生特征,并测定了木聚糖酶的部分应用性质.结果表明:实验菌株嗜酸,菌丝生长最适pH为2.0,孢子萌发生长适宜pH为3.0～4.0;木聚糖诱导菌体在生长稳定期大量产生木聚糖酶,蛋白胨是菌体产酶的适宜氮源;菌株所产木聚糖酶属于酸性木聚糖酶,反应最适pH 3.5、最适温度50 ℃～55 ℃,pH 2.0时酶活达到最高活力的72%,在最适反应条件下保温60 min,残余酶活接近70%,适用于较强酸性的高温加工环境.     

嗜热真菌耐热木聚糖酶的产酶条件和酶谱分析*

嗜热真菌Thermomyces lanuginosus CBS288.54-M18耐热木聚糖酶的产酶条件和酶谱分析结果表明：玉米芯水不溶木聚糖相对于其它来源木聚糖为最佳碳源,而酵母提取物和蛋白胨作为复合氮源时效果最好。培养基最适初始pH值为7．0,最适培养温度为50℃。在最适条件下发酵所产木聚糖酶活力最高达1.834u／mL。另外,SDS-PAGE和酶谱分析(变性和非变性状态下)结果都表明该菌只产生一种分子量约为26kD的G/11族木聚糖酶。     

利用农业废弃物生产嗜热真菌（T．1anuginosus）耐热木聚糖酶的固体发酵研究

研究了嗜热真菌(Thermomyces lanuginosus CBS288．54-M18)生产木聚糖酶的碳氮源组成、料水比、培养基初始pH值、发酵温度及接种量等的影响。结果表明,以麦麸和玉米芯粉(8：2)作为复合碳源,酵母膏和胰蛋白胨(1：1)作为复合氮源时,菌株所产的木聚糖酶量相比未优化碳氮源的培养基提高幅度高达200％。其最佳产酶的料水比为1：3,培养基初始pH7．0为最适。菌株在50℃条件下发酵5d,能够得到活力高达15023U／g干基碳源的木聚糖酶制剂,且该酶制剂不合纤维素酶和蛋白酶活性。     

青霉P-1产植酸酶发酵条件的研究

研究了碳源、氮源等对青霉(Penicillium)P-1液体发酵产植酸酶的影响。最佳碳源为蔗糖,最佳氮源为蛋白胨和硝酸铵。最适发酵产酶条件为培养温度30℃,发酵培养基最适pH 5,摇瓶装液量10%,接种量4%,摇床转速120 r/min,培养时间96 h,最高酶活性可达78 U/L。     

假单胞菌产生铁氧化酶条件的研究

以氧化铁锰假单胞菌FEl3-26为实验菌株,对其铁氧化酶的产酶条件进行研究,结果表明柠檬酸铁铵和硝酸钠分别是该菌产酶的最佳碳氮源.最适产酶条件为温度28～30℃.起始pH值6.5～7.5,接种量2%,150 r/min振荡培养72 h.酶的定位研究结果显示该菌产生的铁氧化酶是一种胞外酶.     

嗜热拟青霉产胞外木糖苷酶发酵条件的优化

嗜热拟青霉J18是由本实验室筛选并保存的拟青霉新种。该菌能够利用玉米芯为碳源、尿素为氮源液体发酵高产胞外β-木糖苷酶。单因素优化试验表明:5%的粒度为0.45mm～0.9mm的玉米芯、1%尿素、初始pH6.5、温度为45℃是最佳产酶培养条件。在优化后的条件下,培养5d产β-木糖苷酶的活力最高达3.15U/mL,比酶活为2.43U/mg。该菌所产的木聚糖酶和木糖苷酶协同作用可将桦木木聚糖完全降解成木糖,水解24h后,其水解液中还原糖含量比只加入电泳纯木聚糖酶的水解液提高了64%。     

产木聚糖酶白地霉培养特性及部分纯化的酶学特性

本文对白地霉Ref1的培养特性、产酶条件和酶学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明:该菌为低温型菌株,其最佳生长条件为pH6、20℃和酵母膏作为氮源;最佳产酶条件为pH3-7、15℃及以酵母膏氮源;条件优化后产酶可达118.7U/mL,可溶蛋白含量可达到60μg/mL,酶溶液的比活可达到1250U/mg蛋白质;该木聚糖酶的最适反应温度和pH分别为50℃和5,金属离子Mg2+、Na+和8mmol/L的Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+等对木聚糖酶的活性有抑制作用,而Ca2+、4mmol/L的Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+和8mmol/L的Mn2+等对该酶反应则有促进作用;该木聚糖酶在保温2h后在15-40℃范围内能保持80%以上的酶活性,在50℃时能保持68%的酶活性;用lineweaver-Burk作图法(双倒数作图法)求得该酶的最大反应速度Vmax和Km值分别为163.38mmol/mg/min和0.75mg/mL。     

Response surface optimization of fermentation conditions for producing xylanase by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">niger</Emphasis> SL-05

Fermentation conditions were statistically optimized for producing extracellular xylanase by Aspergillus niger SL-05 using apple pomace and cotton seed meal. The primary study shows that culture medium with a 1:1 ratio of apple pomace and cotton seed meal (carbon and nitrogen sources) yielded maximal xylanase activity. Three significant factors influencing xylanase production were identified as urea, KH(2)PO(4), and initial moisture content using Plackett-Burman design study. The effects of these three factors were further investigated using a design of rotation-regression-orthogonal combination. The optimized conditions by response surface analysis were 2.5% Urea, 0.09% KH(2)PO(4), and 62% initial moisture content. The analysis of variance indicated that the established model was significant (P < 0.05), "while" or "and" the lack of fit was not significant. Under the optimized conditions, the model predicted 4,998 IU/g dry content, whereas validation experiments produced an enzymatic activity of xylanase at 5,662 IU/g dry content after 60 h fermentation. This study innovatively developed a fermentation medium and process to utilize inexpensive agro-industrial wastes to produce a high yield of xylanase.     

产木聚糖酶的沿海红树林真菌筛选及其培养与酶活测定条件优化

从香港海岸红树林分离到的 77株真菌中有 34株可产生木聚糖酶 ,从中选出CY2 80 9(Staganosporasp .)、CY4 786和CY5 0 4 0等 3菌株与已知陆生产酶菌株HU5 0 4 8(Aspergillusawamori)进行产木聚糖酶的比较研究。根据培养液中菌丝生物量、木聚糖酶活力和木糖等价还原糖含量等指标的测定 ,菌株CY4 786在起始pH 7 8的木聚糖 酵母膏 海盐液体培养基中 2 5℃下震荡 (10 0r min)培养 7d产酶最佳 ;粗酶液在 5 0℃和pH 4 6的优化条件下进行测定 ,木聚糖酶活力达到 1 0 7× 10 4 U mL。结果表明 ,红树林真菌起着半纤维素降解者的作用 ,沿海红树林环境中存在着可资利用的木聚糖酶产生菌。作者讨论了利用发酵液中木糖等价还原糖含量的动态变化作为快速筛选产木聚糖酶菌株的指标的可能性     

Purification and Characterization of a Xylanase Produced by Chaetomium thermophile NIBGE

Summary Xylanase was produced by growing Chaetomium thermophile NIBGE in a submerged liquid culture using wheat straw and urea as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The xylanase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity after ammonium sulphate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography by FPLC and gel filtration. The molecular mass of this xylanase BII was 50 kDa. The pH and temperature optima were 6.5 and 70 °C respectively. The xylanase BII showed reasonable stability at high pH and 65 °C temperature. Some metal ions and EDTA caused little inhibition at low concentrations but complete inhibition was observed at concentrations higher than 2 mM. The K_m and V_max values with oat spelt xylan as the substrate were found to be 12.5 mg/ml and 83.3 IU/mg protein, respectively. Liberation of reducing sugars from commercial paper pulp samples suggest the feasibility of a biopulping process using this xylanase.     

Xylanase production by Ganoderma lucidum on liquid and solid state fermentation

Ganoderma lucidum, a white rot fungus, was exploited for its potentials to produce xylanase employing shake and solid-state culture conditions. Different culture conditions such as pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen requirements for its growth and production of xylanase were optimized. The culture media pH 6.0-7.0 and temperatures 30 degrees-35 degrees C significantly promoted the growth as well as xylanase secretion into the media. Xylan and peptone were found to be the suitable carbon and nitrogen sources. Among the different agrowastes used, wheat bran was found to be the best substrate for the test fungus for the production of xylanase than sugarcane bagasse and rice bran in solid-state fermentation.     

Culture conditions affecting biodegradation components of the brown-rot fungus<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Gloeophyllum trabeum</Emphasis>

To determine the liquid culture conditions under which the wood-degrading system of the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum is expressed, enzymes and metabolites from liquid and solid substrate cultures were characterized. Enzymes were analyzed by 2-D gel electrophoresis and also assayed. Growth conditions were varied by using liquid media containing: (1) low carbon, low nitrogen, (2) low carbon, high nitrogen, (3) high carbon, low nitrogen, or (4) high carbon, high nitrogen. The protein arrays expressed under the four conditions were very similar, and endo-1,4--glucanase (detected by 2-D gels) activity along with -glucosidase, xylanase, and NADH/quinone oxidoreductase activities were detected. Maximal expression of the hydrolytic enzymes was observed in high carbon/high nitrogen medium, whereas the highest oxidoreductase activity was in the high carbon low nitrogen medium. Oxalate and 2,5-dimethoxybenzoquinone were detected under all culture conditions, with higher production in high carbon/low nitrogen medium. Cultures grown in this medium also yielded the highest rate of hydroxylation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, yielding protocatechuic acid, a product of hydroxyl radical attack.Abbreviations DMBQ 2,5-Dimethoxybenzoquinone - HC/HN High carbon/high nitrogen - HC/LN High carbon/low nitrogen - LC/HN Low carbon/high nitrogen - LC/LN Low carbon/low nitrogen     

木聚糖酶高产菌株EIM-30的鉴定及其产酶条件的优化

通过对木聚糖酶高产菌株EIM-30基于形态学和18SrDNA序列的系统发育进化分析,鉴定为里氏木霉Trichoder撇reesei。在单因子实验确定EIM-30产木聚糖酶的最适碳源和氮源的基础上,通过Plackett—Burman实验对影响其产酶的相关因素进行评估并筛选出3个显著效应因子,然后应用最陡爬坡实验和响应面分析确定最适产酶培养基配方为：酵母浸膏1．50％,蛋白胨1．00％,NaC10．50％,PPG-20000．10％,MgS041．20％,CaC20．18％,（NH4）2S040．45％,甘油4．18％,乳糖3．05％,K2唧041．59％。优化后TrichodermareeseiEIM-30的液体发酵产木聚糖酶的活力可达9．857×105V／mL,较优化前提高1．98倍。     

木聚糖酶高产菌株的诱变*

出发菌株Aspergillus niger M1经过紫外线诱变得到一株木聚糖酶活力提高30％的突变株A．niger J506。木聚糖酶谱带检测发现,突变株成熟发酵液中有3种类型的木聚糖酶,而出发菌株中只有两种。经过正交试验得出突变株产酶的最佳发酵条件为：主碳源浓度4％、麸皮与玉米芯的比例为5：5、葡萄糖浓度0．1％、草酸铵浓度2．0％,培养基初始pH为5．0,250mL三角瓶的装液量为100mL。     

乳糖对产木聚糖酶基因工程菌1020的诱导作用及碳氮源优化

研究了国产及进口LB培养基对产嗜热性木聚糖酶基因工程菌1020生长及产酶的影响,并以国产原料为基准,优化了培养基。结果表明,国产的酵母膏及蛋白胨和进口原料相比,缺少某些成分,单纯增加用量不能弥补这种差别;乳糖可以代替昂贵的IPTG起到有效的诱导作用;10g·L-1的乳糖可兼起能源及诱导剂的双重效果,菌的生物量和产酶量达到最佳;发酵8h后补加5g·L-1乳糖,生物量及酶活皆有提高。复合氮源优于单一的无机或有机氮源。优化后的酶活从进口LB培养基的270U～290U提高到1700U～1800U。     

A novel thermostable xylanase from Thermomonospora sp.: influence of additives on thermostability

An alkalothermophilic Thermomonospora sp. producing high levels of xylanase was isolated from self-heating compost. The culture produced 125 IU/ml of xylanase when grown in shake flasks at pH 9 and 50 degrees C for 96 h. The culture filtrate also contained cellulase (23 IU/ml), mannanase (1 IU/ml) and beta-xylosidase (0.1 IU/ml) activities. The xylanase was active at a broad range of pH (5-9) and temperature (40-90 degrees C). The optimum pH and temperature were 7 and 70 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range 5-8 and was thermostable with half-lives of 8 and 4 h at 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C, respectively, but only 9 min at 80 degrees C. The effects of a variety of compounds to enhance the stability of xylanase at 80 degrees C was studied. Addition of sorbitol, mannitol and glycerol increased the thermostability of xylanase in proportion to the number of hydroxyl groups per polyol molecule. Glycine also offered protection against thermoinactivation. Xylan, trehalose, gelatin and trehalose-gelatin mixture had marginal effect on the thermostability of xylanase at 80 degrees C.