牦牛源木聚糖酶产生菌的筛选和鉴定

目的以牦牛粪便为样本,筛选并鉴定产木聚糖酶菌株。方法利用碱提取法从玉米芯中提取木聚糖,以自制木聚糖为唯一碳源,从牦牛牛粪中筛选产木聚糖酶细菌,利用16S rDNA基因序列分析鉴定菌种,3,5-二硝基水杨酸法(DNS)测定其产酶能力并分析所产酶的酶学特性。结果筛选获得牦牛源产木聚糖酶类芽胞杆菌,所产木聚糖酶的最适反应条件为50℃、pH 8.0,在pH值为7.0或8.0以及温度50℃条件下,表现出较好的稳定性,Mn~(2+)对酶活力具有显著抑制作用,该菌最佳发酵时间为12 h,酶活最高达到1.2 U/mL。结论该菌所产木聚糖酶能够针对性地降解玉米芯木聚糖,在畜牧业和工业上有一定的应用价值。     

嗜酸青霉酸性木聚糖酶产生特性及部分酶学性质

从煤矿酸性废水中分离到一株产木聚糖酶青霉,通过酸性液体培养研究了菌体生长对pH的响应及木聚糖酶的产生特征,并测定了木聚糖酶的部分应用性质.结果表明:实验菌株嗜酸,菌丝生长最适pH为2.0,孢子萌发生长适宜pH为3.0～4.0;木聚糖诱导菌体在生长稳定期大量产生木聚糖酶,蛋白胨是菌体产酶的适宜氮源;菌株所产木聚糖酶属于酸性木聚糖酶,反应最适pH 3.5、最适温度50 ℃～55 ℃,pH 2.0时酶活达到最高活力的72%,在最适反应条件下保温60 min,残余酶活接近70%,适用于较强酸性的高温加工环境.     

具有高木二糖形成活力的木聚糖酶生产菌株的筛选与产酶培养基的优化

从土样中筛选出一株产木聚糖酶的青霉,该青霉所产木降糖酶具有很高的木二糖形成活力,经鉴定为顶青霉,其木聚糖酶的合成与分泌受木聚糖等木糖苷类物质的诱导,麸皮对其木聚糖酶的合成也有促进作用,优化产酶液体培养主要成分的配比为：麸皮：玉米芯木聚糖：玉米芯粉;蛋白胨（或尿素）＝1：1：1：0．6（0．4）,摇瓶96h达到最大酶活,最高木聚糖酶活达到289．3U／ml,该菌所产木聚糖酶的最适作用条件为45－50度,PH4．4,在PH4．4－8．0范围内稳定。     

耐碱性木聚糖酶产酶菌株的选育

目的:筛选出产碱性木聚糖酶酶活力高的菌株。方法:从碱性环境中采集样品,以自制木聚糖为惟一利碳源,采用刚果红透明圈法于摇瓶发酵法相结合筛选出18株产木聚糖酶酶活较高的菌株,其中1株酶活最高可达335.14 IU/ml。结果:通过培养特性及形态特征初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌。对部分酶学性质研究的结果表明:其作用最适温度60℃,最适pH8.0,在pH9.0条件下仍具有80%酶活力。结论:属于耐碱性木聚糖酶,具有很好的工业应用前景。     

常压室温等离子体快速诱变绿色糖单孢菌筛选 木聚糖酶高产菌株及其酶学性质研究

[目的]利用常压室温等离子体快速诱变绿色糖单孢菌,筛选耐热耐碱木聚糖酶高产菌株,并对其进行酶学性质分析,确保其适用于生物制浆漂白工艺.[方法]采用刚果红平板水解圈法结合摇瓶发酵胞外酶测定法进行菌株筛选,并通过DNS木聚糖酶活性测定等方法对来源于不同突变株的木聚糖酶进行酶学性质分析对比.[结果]筛选出遗传稳定性良好的两株木聚糖酶高产菌株AT24和AT22-2,以麦草浆为诱导底物的粗酶液中,突变株AT24及AT22-2所产的木聚糖酶活性分别为512.74、552.70U/mL,分别为原始菌株S.v的16和17倍的.来源于突变株AT22-2的木聚糖酶的最适反应pH为9.5,最适反应温度为90℃,在50℃-90℃温度范围内具有良好的热稳定性,在100℃条件下处理30 min剩余酶活仍为68％;突变株AT24所产木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH为10.0,在60℃-80℃的高温环境下,突变株AT24所产的木聚糖酶具有良好的热稳定性.[结论]突变株AT22-2所产具有耐碱耐高温性质的木聚糖酶,在应用领域尤其在纸浆造纸行业具有较大的潜在应用价值.     

厌氧菌群SVY42产酶条件分析及产木聚糖酶菌株的分离鉴定

以美国内华达州大盆地温泉采集样品为材料,富集获得纤维素及半纤维素高效稳定降解厌氧菌群SVY42,以巨菌草、甘蔗渣、废菇筒、羧甲基纤维素钠、滤纸、木聚糖为碳源,分析菌群SVY42产内切葡聚糖酶(CMC酶)、β-葡萄糖苷酶和木聚糖酶的情况。在此基础上,以木聚糖为底物筛选高产木聚糖酶的菌株。菌群SVY42在以巨菌草作为碳源时的β-葡萄糖苷酶活最高为0.23 U/mL,以木聚糖作为碳源时CMC酶活和木聚糖酶活均为最高,分别为0.31 U/mL和0.35 U/mL。从菌群SVY42中筛选得到1株高产木聚糖酶厌氧菌株SVY42-1,该菌在最适温度41℃和pH 8.0条件下,其木聚糖酶活力为0.26 U/mL,对其进行16S rDNA序列系统进化分析,SVY42-1与已知菌株的最高同源性仅为93.81%,初步鉴定属于新属。     

里氏木霉GXC木聚糖酶的研究*

研究了里氏木霉GXC产木聚糖酶的条件和酶学性质。结果表明,适宜产酶碳源为乳糖、甘露糖、棉子糖、木聚糖和麸皮,氮源为牛肉膏和酵母膏;产酶的最适初始pH为4.0,30℃培养60h。对以麸皮为碳源的培养液进行纯化的酶特性研究表明,木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为50℃,pH为5.5,该酶在pH5.0(7.0和40℃以下相对稳定。Fe3+和Mn2+对木聚糖酶有较大的促进作用,Cu～2+、Fe～2+和Ca～2+ 具有抑制作用。     

里氏木霉GXC木聚糖酶的研究

研究了里氏木霉GXC产木聚糖酶的条件和酶学性质。结果表明,适宜产酶碳源为乳糖、甘露糖、棉子糖、木聚糖和麸皮,氮源为牛肉膏和酵母膏;产酶的最适初始pH为4．0,30℃培养60h。对以麸皮为碳源的培养液进行纯化的酶特性研究表明,木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为50℃,pH为5．5,该酶在pH5．0－7．0和40℃以下相对稳定。Fe^2 和Mn^2 对木聚糖酶有较大的促进作用,Cu^2 、Fe^2 具有抑制作用。     

里氏木霉GXC木聚糖酶的研究

研究了里氏木霉GXC产木聚糖酶的条件和酶学性质。结果表明,适宜产酶碳源为乳糖、甘露糖、棉子糖、木聚糖和麸皮,氮源为牛肉膏和酵母膏;产酶的最适初始pH为4.0,30℃培养60h。对以麸皮为碳源的培养液进行纯化的酶特性研究表明,木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为50℃,pH为5.5,该酶在pH5.0(7.0和40℃以下相对稳定。Fe3+和Mn2+对木聚糖酶有较大的促进作用,Cu～2+、Fe～2+和Ca～2+ 具有抑制作用。     

一株产木聚糖酶的黑曲霉固态发酵产酶性质的研究

目的：选育产木聚糖酶活力高的黑曲霉菌株,对其产酶条件进行优化,并研究其酶学性质。方法：通过木聚糖酶解木聚糖产生透明圈的方法,筛选产木聚糖酶菌株,测定固体发酵培养基中玉米芯与麸皮的比例、培养温度、培养时间、添加氮源对产酶的影响。进行了作用温度、pH值、金属离子对酶活力的影响试验,以及酶不同温度下的热稳定性的试验。结果：从自然界筛选得到一株产木聚糖酶的黑曲霉菌株,通过对固态发酵培养条件优化,最终产酶水平达到了5500u／g固体干曲。酶的最适作用温度是45℃、最适作用pH值4．8,是一种偏酸性酶。该酶在45℃以上的温度保存会使酶活力迅速丧失,Mg^2＋、Zn^2＋对该酶有激活作用,而Mn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Hg^2＋则完全抑制酶的活性。结论：选育的黑曲霉菌株产木聚糖酶活力较高,培养条件简单。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.