盐穗木病程相关蛋白HcPR10抗血清的制备及鉴定

病程相关蛋白(PRs)在植物抗病抗逆过程中发挥重要作用。盐穗木病程相关蛋白基因HcPR10(GenBank:KF673356)来自盐穗木(Halostachys capsica)在600 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下的盐抑制差减文库。为探究盐穗木病程相关蛋白HcPR10发挥生物学功能的机制,该研究通过体外表达和纯化HcPR10重组蛋白制备特异性的HcPR10多克隆抗体。并采用双酶切构建原核重组表达载体pET28a-HcPR10,转化至大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21诱导表达,通过正交分析优化重组蛋白可溶性诱导表达的条件,利用Ni-NTA亲和层析柱纯化融合蛋白,免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,基于纯化获得的His-HcPR10重组蛋白和转HcPR10拟南芥总蛋白,分别利用ELISA和Western Blotting检测抗血清效价和特异性。结果表明:成功构建重组表达载体pET28a-HcPR10; 正交结果显示诱导温度27 ℃,诱导转速200 r·min^-1,IPTG浓度0.7 mmol·L^-1,诱导时间6 h条件下可诱导表达大量可溶性目的蛋白; ELISA检测抗HcPR10血清效价达1:243 000,Western Blotting印迹结果显示制备的抗血清可以与重组蛋白和转基因拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中异源表达的HcPR10蛋白特异性结合。该研究获得了效价高、特异性强的盐穗木病程相关蛋白HcPR10抗血清,为进一步研究HcPR10的亚细胞定位及生物学功能奠定了基础。     

白喉毒素A片段的表达纯化与单克隆抗体制备

白喉毒素 (Diphtheriatoxin ,DT)A片段 (DTA)是白喉毒素的酶活性区 ,也是DT类免疫毒素的关键结构域。DTA蛋白及其单克隆抗体在免疫毒素的毒性机理、检测与纯化研究等方面具有重要价值。通过在E .coli中表达了DTA ,经Q SepharoseFF和Ni²⁺ Sepharose两步层析纯化 ,得到纯度约为 90 %的融合蛋白。以DTA为抗原免疫BalB c小鼠 ,获得了分泌抗DTA特异单抗的杂交瘤细胞株 3B6和 3B9。单抗为IgG1亚型 ,滴度达 1∶10⁶ 以上 ,与DTA的结合可被抗DT马血清竞争抑制。抗DTA单抗用于免疫印迹试验 ,或制备成免疫亲和柱纯化基于DT的重组免疫毒素 ,均获得较好效果 ,为免疫毒素的研究奠定了良好基础     

乙氧基磷酸酯类有机磷农药单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

制备针对乙氧基磷酸酯类有机磷农药的单克隆抗体,以此为基础建立该类农药的快速免疫筛选检测方法．以二乙基磷酸乙酸为通用结构半抗原,分别使之与牛血清白蛋白和鸡卵清蛋白共价偶联,合成免疫原和包被原并对其进行结构鉴定．偶联成功后的免疫原用于免疫Balb/c小鼠．将免疫成功小鼠的脾细胞与小鼠SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,筛选能稳定分泌抗乙氧基磷酸酯类有机磷农药单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株．获得的小鼠腹水用辛酸-硫酸铵法纯化,所得纯化抗体以琼脂双扩散法鉴定其免疫球蛋白类型,间接竞争ELISA方法测定其对半抗原的灵敏度、特异性和亲和性．结果表明,该抗体分泌IgG1亚类的单克隆抗体,且与二乙基磷酸乙酸的亲和性较高(1.4×10⁷ L/mol),所得抗体对毒死蜱、对硫磷、丙溴磷、氧化乐果、除线磷、二嗪农、溴硫磷、辛硫磷、喹硫磷、三唑磷等农药有特异性反应．该检测技术可用于上述农药的快速定性或定量检测．     

人免疫缺陷病毒I型Vif蛋白的原核表达、纯化及单克隆抗体制备

目的：克隆、表达、纯化人免疫缺陷病毒I型（HIV-1）Vif蛋白,制备其单克隆抗体。方法：提取感染了HIV的细胞基因组DNA,PCR扩增vif基因,插入表达载体pET32a,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）获得工程菌株,IPTG诱导蛋白表达,Western印迹鉴定目的蛋白,亲和层析纯化目的蛋白;免疫BALB／c小鼠,制备单克隆抗体。结果：构建了Vif蛋白的原核表达载体vif-pET32a,并在大肠杆菌中获得高表达,目的蛋白以包涵体形式存在;纯化获得高纯度的重组Vif蛋白,蛋白浓度可达0．56mg／mL;建立了抗Vif蛋白单克隆抗体细胞株,制备了腹水,滴度可达1：16×10^6,抗体纯化后保持了活性和特异性。结论：在原核表达系统中表达、纯化了重组Vif蛋白,制备了针对Vif蛋白的单克隆抗体,为研究Vif蛋白的功能和抗原性奠定了基础。     

CD14蛋白表达、纯化及单克隆抗体制备

摘要 目的：制备CD14重组蛋白及抗CD14单克隆抗体。方法：从人外周血淋巴细胞中克隆CD14编码基因,将其连接至质粒pRSETC,构建表达质粒pRSETC/CD14,转染大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3),筛选阳性克隆、用IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测CD14蛋白表达水平,应用镍柱进行亲和纯化,SDS-PAGE及Western blot进行纯化产物鉴定。纯化后的CD14蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用杂交瘤技术筛选分泌单克隆抗体细胞株,制备单克隆抗体,利用Western blot鉴定抗体活性。结果：获得CD14编码基因,并成功进行了原核表达,SDS-PAGE显示CD14以包涵体形式表达,纯化产物的纯度超过95%。利用杂交瘤技术筛选出稳定分泌抗CD14抗体的细胞株,并制备了高纯度的单克隆抗体,抗体具有CD14蛋白结合活性。结论：成功表达纯化了CD14蛋白,并制备了抗CD14单克隆抗体,为后续开发CD14检测技术提供抗体。     

重组扁豆过敏原Len c 1表达纯化及免疫活性鉴定

目的:纯化重组扁豆过敏原Len c 1(rLen c 1)并进行免疫活性鉴定。方法:通过原核表达的方式生产rLen c 1,然后采用亲和层析的方法纯化带有Strep II标签的目的蛋白。将BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组(注射生理盐水)和过敏原致敏组(注射rLen c 1),通过腹腔注射方式免疫小鼠,建立BALB/c小鼠扁豆致敏模型,利用间接ELISA法检测血清总IgE和过敏原特异性IgE,鉴定重组扁豆过敏原的免疫活性。结果:IPTG成功诱导Len c 1蛋白表达,rLen c 1蛋白主要以包涵体形式表达,通过透析复性和亲和层析获得纯化的复性扁豆过敏原蛋白rLen c 1,成功建立小鼠致敏模型。和对照组相比,致敏组小鼠TIgE及过敏原特异性IgE水平均明显增高,结论:获得纯化的具有免疫活性的rLen c 1过敏原蛋白,为扁豆过敏机制研究、单克隆抗体的制备、以及临床诊断和免疫治疗奠定基础。     

EpCAM蛋白的表达、纯化及其单克隆抗体的制备

目的:原核表达EpCAM蛋白并制备抗EpCAM特异性单克隆抗体,初步鉴定相应单克隆抗体的特性。方法:PCR扩增EpCAM基因胞外区,将目的基因亚克隆至载体pET-28a(+),转化至大肠埃希菌株BL21,IPTG诱导表达,组氨酸亲和层析法纯化表达产物。纯化蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,将成功免疫的小鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤SP2/0细胞融合,经ELISA筛选得到分泌特异性抗EpCAM的单克隆抗体的细胞株,免疫BALB/c小鼠进一步制备相应的单克隆抗体,并通过Western blot(蛋白质印记)和FACS(流式细胞分析)鉴定单抗的特异性及生物学活性。结果:成功构建重组表达载体pET28a-EpCAM并在大肠杆菌中获得表达,经His-tag亲和层析法获得纯化的EpCAM重组蛋白。EpCAM重组蛋白免疫的BALB/c小鼠的脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合、筛选,获得两株稳定分泌EpCAM抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为4B2、2F2并免疫BALB/c小鼠获得相应的单克隆抗体。Western blot结果显示4B2腹水纯化所得单抗能够识别FaDu细胞系(人咽鳞癌细胞)中的EpCAM蛋白,但2F2未能识别FaDu细胞中的变性的EpCAM蛋白。FACS结果显示两者均能和FaDu细胞中天然的EpCAM蛋白结合。讨论:成功制备了抗EpCAM的单克隆抗体,并能够识别人咽鳞癌细胞系FaDu中表达的EpCAM,为进一步研究EpCAM抗体在肿瘤治疗中的作用提供基础。     

抗新型隐球菌荚膜相关蛋白CAP10单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的:以新型隐球菌荚膜相关蛋白CAP10为靶抗原,制备并鉴定特异性抗CAP10的单克隆抗体。方法:用纯化的重组CAP10免疫BALB/c小鼠,血清抗体效价达到适当水平时进行细胞融合;经多次亚克隆筛选出分泌特异性抗体的细胞株,制备单抗腹水并进行抗体效价测定及亚类鉴定。结果:获得11株能稳定分泌抗新型隐球菌荚膜相关蛋白CAP10的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,抗体效价高且抗原特异性强。结论:获得了针对新型隐球菌荚膜相关蛋白CAP10的单克隆抗体,为深入研究CAP10蛋白的功能,以及临床新型隐球菌的检测和血清型分析奠定了基础。     

人突触小体相关蛋白25单克隆抗体的制备及初步鉴定

目的:制备抗人突触小体相关蛋白25(SNAP25)的鼠源单克隆抗体。方法:利用大肠杆菌表达SNAP25蛋白,纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠制备杂交瘤细胞,筛选针对SNAP25的阳性杂交瘤细胞株,鉴定抗体亚型;用杂交瘤细胞株制备腹水单抗,纯化后利用SDS-PAGE检测抗体纯度。结果:表达并纯化得到纯度大于90%的SNAP25蛋白,免疫小鼠后经2轮筛选得到12株阳性杂交瘤细胞株,其中抗体重链包括IgG1、IgG2型,轻链大部分为κ链;选择具有相对较高抗原结合活性的14号杂交瘤细胞株制备腹水,纯化后得到纯度大于90%的抗体。结论:获得1株高纯度的针对SNAP25的鼠源单克隆抗体,为肉毒毒素的检测奠定了基础。     

降钙素原的原核表达及单克隆抗体制备

目的:高效表达与纯化可溶性重组人PCT蛋白,制备高灵敏度和高特异性的抗人PCT医用诊断单克隆抗体。方法:大肠杆菌表达重组人PCT蛋白后,利用饱和硫酸铵沉淀和亲和层析方法纯化PCT蛋白后,经质谱、Western blot和间接ELISA法进行性质鉴定和分析重组蛋白的表达与免疫反应性;重组蛋白免疫小鼠,经细胞融合及筛选制备抗PCT单克隆抗体(m Ab)。结果:在大肠杆菌中高效表达了人PCT蛋白;重组人PCT蛋白具有良好的免疫反应性与免疫原性;经筛选获得7株抗PCT单克隆抗体细胞株,经ELISA鉴定,筛选抗体可与PCT抗原有良好的特异性反应。结论:利用重组人PCT蛋白免疫制备了抗人PCT单克隆抗体,为进一步研发PCT快速诊断试剂提供了原料。     

芸香苷对家蚕谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶部分基因的诱导表达

谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(glutathione-S-transferases, GSTs) 是对一种机体的解毒代谢起重要作用并可以被诱导的酶系。为了从分子水平上探究家蚕Bombyx mori GSTs 基因与植物次生物质芸香苷代谢的关系, 本实验采用双跟踪标定定量PCR (dual-spike-in qPCR)方法, 用 5×10^-1, 5×10^-2, 5×10^-3 ng/μL 3 个浓度芸香苷溶液处理家蚕5龄幼虫, 并对各组织中 GSTs Epsilon 家族不同基因的转录水平进行检测。结果显示, 浓度为 5×10^-2 ng/μL 的芸香苷溶液能诱导GSTs 基因的转录水平发生显著变化。在中肠中, BmGSTe1, BmGSTe2 和 BmGSTe6的诱导转录水平较高, 在诱导后24 h达到最大值; 在脂肪体中BmGSTe1, BmGSTe6和BmGSTe7的转录水平相对较高且分别在诱导后 2 h, 2 h和4 h 达到最大值; 而GSTs基因在马氏管中表达量均很低或者检测不到表达。与 5×10^-2 ng/μL 浓度相比, 5×10^-1 ng/μL 的芸香苷溶液诱导后各基因的转录水平上升的幅度较小并且达到峰值的时间不同, 而 5×10^-3 ng/μL 浓度的芸香苷溶液并不能使GSTs基因的诱导转录水平发生变化。结果提示, 家蚕 GSTs Epsilon 家族基因对芸香苷的代谢具有重要作用。     

Anti-MHC immunity detected prior to intentional alloimmunization

Cell fusion was performed between spleen cells from young BALB/cBy (H-2 ^d) mice which have never been immunized and SP2/0 mouse plasmacytoma cells. A monoclonal H-2-specific cytotoxic IgM antibody was obtained (By-1) which detected a new public biregional H-2 specificity, H-2.m210. The mcAb By-1 reacted strongly with H-2K^d, D^d, and H-2^s antigens, gave weak cross-reactions with H-2K^k, D^q, H-2^r, and H-2^v antigens and was negative with H-2^b, H-2^f, H-2^p, and H-2L^d antigens. A polymorphic reaction pattern was also observed on a panel of lymphocytes from B 10.W strains. The intriguing finding on this reaction pattern was the reactivity on H-2^d cells, including the syngeneic BALB/cBy and truly autologous cells. As shown by capping and immunoprecipitation experiments on H-2^d cells and by studies on H-2^d-transfected mouse L cells, the target molecules for McAb By-1 were H-2K^d and H-2D^d molecules. The BALB/cBy mouse, from whose spleen cells the McAb By-1 was obtained, survived after the fusion experiment, and serum was examined for the presence of cytotoxic H-2-specific antibodies during the rest of its life. At the time of the fusion, no autoreactive serum antibodies were found, but about 4 months later, we found in the serum of this mouse autoreactive H-2-specific cytotoxic IgM antibodies. The serum antibodies followed the same reaction pattern as that of the McAb By-1. As far as we know, this is the first report of autoreactive H-2-specific antibodies in serum of a mouse which has never been immunized and of the first natural autoreactive H-2-specific monoclonal antibody.Abbreviations McAb monoclonal antibody - MHC major histocompatibility complex - H-2 major histocompatibility complex of mice - CTLs cytotoxic T cells - FMF flow microfluorometry - FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate - LPS lipopolysaccharide W.E. coli 0111:134 - PBS phosphate-buffered saline - Iodogen 1,3,4,6,-tetrachloro-3,6-diphenylglycoluril - GAMIg goat-antimouse immunoglobulin - Staph-A Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I     

Preparation and Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody to Prunus necrotic ringspot virus

A cell line named PVRSV1D11 secreting monoclonal antibody (McAb) against the prokaryotically expressed coat protein (CP) of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) was developed using hybridoma technology including animal immunization, cell fusion, cell line culture and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)‐based for screening. The specificity, titre and detection sensitivity of the McAb were determined by indirect ELISA to establish optimal conditions. The antibody reacted strongly with PNRSV and showed no cross‐reactions with the proteins of Plum pox virus, Prunus dwarf virus, Apple stem pitting virus, Apple stem grooving virus, Apple mosaic virus or Apple chlorotic leafspot virus. The ascites developed with PNRSV1D11 cell line showed high absorbance until it was diluted to over 6.6 × 10⁷ fold. The McAb belonged to IgG_2a isotype and was diluted by 1.28 × 10⁵ folds as an optimal detection concentration. The detection sensitivity of the monoclonal antibody was 11.7 ng/ml protein of PNRSV. The results indicated that the McAb against the CP of PNRSV is suitable for PNRSV detection in the plants and for monitoring the dynamics of the virus by using indirect ELISA.     

猪戊型肝炎病毒重组蛋白ORF2-V1单克隆抗体的制备及抗原表位差异分析

用纯化的猪戊型肝炎病毒DQ株重组蛋白ORF2-V1免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0 骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经3次克隆和间接ELISA 筛选,获得了αC11,αC12,γH1,γF8,BC4和CH8 6株稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。通过间接ELISA 测定,单抗效价为: 细胞培养上清1∶1.60×103～1∶3.20×103,腹水为1∶1.28×106～1∶2.56×106; 经ELISA法测定,6株单克隆抗体均与重组蛋白ORF2-V1反应, 而不与ORF2其它部分片段的蛋白反应; 将试验中制备的MAbs分别用HEV swDQ株感染的A549细胞涂片进行IFA检测,同时分别用猪的阳性、阴性血清和SP2/0细胞上清做对照,制备的6株MAbs对感染细胞均呈现阳性反应,说明其可以与天然的病毒发生反应,并且与阳性多克隆血清比较,以单克隆抗体为一抗,IFA反应表现出良好的特异性。单抗的亚类鉴定结果表明,所有MAbs均为IgG1型,而且所有单克隆抗体的轻链均为κ链。单克隆抗体抗原识别位点分析结果表明,6株单抗分别针对4个不同抗原位点,McAb-γH1,BC4,CH8识别的位点各不相同,其中McAb-γH1,BC4识别的位点有部分重叠,McAb αC11,αC12,γF8识别同一位点,位于γH1,BC4识别位点的重叠区内。     

Kinetic Characterization of [125I] Iodo-Prolactin Binding to Primary Monolayer Cultures of Rabbit Mammary Epithelium

Abstract

Monocellular suspensions of epithelial cells from mammary glands of rabbits at 20–22 days of pregnancy were prepared by sequential dissociation with collagenase-hyaluronidase followed by Pronase. Maintenance in D-valine-substituted minimum essential medium (D-valine-MEM) supplemented with 10% dialyzed calf serum yielded monolayers enriched for rabbit mammary epithelial cells (RMEC). RMEC specifically and reversibly bound bovine PRL with K_a = 1.41–1.85 × 10⁹M^-1. Association of lactogen with RMEC receptor followed bimolecular reaction kinetics with rate of 5.17 (±0.75) x 10⁵M^-1 sec^-1 at 24 C, and 1.03 (±0.11) x 10⁶M^-1 sec^-1 at 37 C. Dissociation was first order (k-₁ = 5.97 (±0.70) x 10^-5 sec^-1) and was unaffected by the presence of lactogen. Specific binding determined with an excess of unlabelled bPRL was 66–77% of the total binding, and was optimal at pH 7.4. The binding reaction reached equilibrium in 2 h at 37 C, in 3 h at 24 C, and after 24 h at 4 C. Studies of binding capacity revealed the presence of 4.6–6.3 × 10³ sites per cell, competition for which was limited to hormones demonstrating lacto-genic activity. Recovered lactogen was not degraded by incubation with or dissociation from RMEC. Approximately 25% of the radioactivity remained associated with the cells even upon prolonged incubation. These studies demonstrated several advantages of RMEC for the investigation of hormone-receptor interaction and receptor regulation.     

Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against adenylate kinase

Six hybridoma cell lines that can continuously secrete monoclonal antibodies against adenylate kinase (AK) have been produced. The characteristics including the subclass and molecular weight of monoclonal antibodies manufactured by these strains are also determined. Further studies show that the two monoclonal antibodies McAb3D3 and McAMD8 bind easily with AK absorbed on microtitration plates, with affinity constants of 8.4 × 108 M-1 and 9.6 × 108 M-1, while their interactions to AK in solution are much weaker, with affinity constants of 7.0 × 104 M-1 and 3.9×106M-1, respectively. Thus, McAb3D3 and McAMD8 react preferentially to the immobilized AKs. Since pro-teins are often partially denatured when absorbed on microtitration plates, it is suggested that both McAb3D3 and McAMD8 are directed against non-native AK.     

利用单克隆抗体研究睾酮的免疫化学结构与生物活性之间的关系

本工作观察了29种甾体激素在大剂量时(100ng),分别对高特异性抗睾酮单克隆抗体(AT_1—McAb)结合3H—睾酮的影响,结果表明,睾酮及其它18种第3碳位酮基类甾体激素能明显竞争抑制AT_1-McAb与3H-睾酮的结合反应,其平均竞争抑制率分别为95.50％和87.32％,而10种非第3碳位酮基类甾体激素的平均竞争抑制率仅为14.61％。进而,又观察了AT_1-McAb对睾酮某些生物活性的影响,结果表明,AT_1-McAb能明显阻断睾酮对阉割大鼠前列腺腹叶的增重作用。由此我们认为,AT_1-McAb针对睾酮分子上以第3碳位酮基为主要组成的免疫化学结构,而且这一结构与睾酮的某些生物活性有关。     

长角血蜱卵黄蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为研究蜱类的卵黄发生及其机理,用长角血蜱Haemaphysalis longicornis卵黄蛋白（vitellin, Vn）免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合,经3次克隆化筛选,获得6株能稳定分泌抗Vn的单克隆抗体（McAb）,即1B5,2A7,2B8,2F2,3A1和3G1。1B5,2B8和2F2亚型为IgGA;2A7亚型为IgG1;3A1和3G1亚型为IgG2a。6株McAb均具有高度特异性,效价在1∶10.5以上。选取效价和特异性最好的1株抗体1B5进行SDS-PAGE分析和亲和力测定,测得1B5重链和轻链的分子量分别为58 kD和21 kD,亲和常数为2.8993×10^-6。Western免疫印迹分析发现6株单抗均与Vn的8个亚基发生免疫反应。本研究成功制备了6株抗长角血蜱Vn的单克隆抗体,为深入阐明长角血蜱卵黄发生的过程与调控机理提供了重要的工具。     

A reinvestigation of the kinetic parameters of phosphoenolypyruvate carboxykinase

A new assay for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase has been devised whose sensitivity is sufficient to detect the formation by crude hepatic extracts of 1 × 10⁻¹¹ moles of phosphoenolpyruvate. By the utilization of this assay it has been determined that the apparent Km of oxaloacetate is in the range of 1 to 5 × 10⁻⁶ M for the hepatic enzymes from rat and guinea pig. These values are approximately two orders of magnitude lower than all previous data and indicate that the enzyme is sensitive to modulations of oxaloacetate concentrations that occur physiologically.     

Thymic antigen-reactive cells do not specify serological properties of antibody

Irradiated mice of the (C3H × C57BL/10)F₁ and (C57BL/6 × DBA/2)F₁ strains were reconstituted with an excess of syngeneic bone marrow cells containing precursors of immunocytes, and with graded limiting numbers of thymocytes containing antigen-reactive cells (ARC), and then injected with sheep erythrocytes. The number of ARC and their possible specialization for serological properties of antibody were investigated by determining the titer of 2-mercaptoethanol-sensitive serum hemagglutinins and hemolysins 11 days after grafting. The limiting dilution assays indicated that the number of detectable ARC/10⁶ thymocytes was of the same order of magnitude for both antibody responses. Agglutinins and lysins were associated in most recipient mice receiving an average of 1 ARC. Hence, serological properties of antibodies were not dictated by ARC, but by other cells participating in the immune responses, presumably of nonthymic origin.