不同外源条件对4种白腐真菌溶藻效果的影响

【目的】评价白腐真菌Irpex lacteus XX-5、Trichaptum abietinum 1302BG、Ceriporia lacerata P2、Bjerkandera adusta XX-2处理铜绿微囊藻废水的应用潜力。【方法】采用分批次实验研究pH、温度、铜绿微囊藻浓度、金属离子、氮源、磷源对白腐真菌I. lacteus XX-5、T. abietinum 1302BG、C. lacerata P2、B. adusta XX-2溶解铜绿微囊藻的影响。【结果】在不同外源条件下,4种白腐真菌对铜绿微囊藻的抑制效果明显,均达60%以上。菌株C. lacerata P2和B. adusta XX-2受外源条件的影响很小,菌株C. lacerata P2的抑制率达70%以上,菌株B. adusta XX-2的抑制率达60%以上;菌株T. abietinum 1302BG、I. lacteus XX-5在不同外源条件下抑制率均会发生相应的变化,但抑藻率均可达60%以上。【结论】研究所使用的4种白腐真菌对抑制铜绿微囊藻具有较好的应用潜力,尤其是菌株C. lacerata P2和B. adusta XX-2。     

裂褶菌cfcc7252菌株对孔雀石绿染料的高效降解

【目的】评价裂褶菌cfcc7252菌株降解孔雀石绿(Malachite Green,MG)的能力及其潜在的应用价值。【方法】采用单因子液体培养实验,研究了通气、p H、温度、碳源和氮源种类及浓度、金属离子、盐度、染料浓度对该菌降解效果的影响;采用平皿培养实验,利用植物种子萌发和微生物抑菌实验对降解产物进行毒性测试。【结果】研究结果表明,裂褶菌cfcc7252菌株在好氧和厌氧条件下均能高效降解MG。该菌在10.0 g/L葡萄糖,5.0 g/L酵母浸粉,0.01 mmol/L Zn2+,p H为4.0的液体培养基中培养36 h,对350 mg/L的MG降解率达67.8%;连续降解7次后,其降解率还能保持在95.4%以上。此外,该菌在盐度低于10.20%时,其对MG的降解率均达到98%以上。对植物、微生物的毒性测试结果表明,MG降解产物对红豆、豌豆等植物、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和铜绿假单胞杆菌等微生物基本没有毒性。【结论】裂褶菌cfcc7252菌株在处理以MG为主的染料废水时具有很强的应用潜力。     

樟绒枝霉(Malbranchea cinnamomea)固体发酵产木聚糖酶的发酵条件优化

[目的] 研究樟绒枝霉(Malbranchea cinnamomea) CAU521利用农业废弃物固体发酵产木聚糖酶的发酵条件.[方法]采用单因素试验法优化影响菌株产酶的各个条件,包括碳源种类、氮源种类、初始pH、初始水分含量、培养温度及发酵时间共6个因素.[结果]获得的最佳产酶条件为:稻草为发酵碳源、2％(W/W)的酵母提取物为氮源、初始pH 7.0、初始水分含量80％和发酵温度45℃.在此条件下发酵6d后木聚糖酶的酶活力达到13 120 U/g干基碳源.[结论]樟绒枝霉固体发酵产木聚糖酶的产酶水平高,生产成本低,具有潜在的工业化应用前景.     

乙醛降解菌Bacillus velezensis LT-2的发酵条件优化

【背景】乙醛作为醛类污染物广泛存在于生产生活中,相较于传统的物化方法,生物降解具有诸多优势,已成为研究热点。【目的】筛选获得降解乙醛的菌株并优化其发酵条件,为微生物降解乙醛提供试验资源。【方法】经过富集培养和乙醛降解试验获得一株乙醛降解能力高的菌株;通过单因子优化(碳源、氮源、金属离子、温度、转速、接种量和初始pH)和多因子的交互试验(Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验和Box-Behnken design试验)考察培养基组分和发酵条件对菌株降解乙醛的影响,并考察菌株在最佳条件下的生长状态和乙醛降解能力。【结果】筛选获得一株具有乙醛降解能力的菌株Bacillus velezensis LT-2,该菌株降解乙醛的最佳培养条件为：蔗糖30 g/L,营养肉汤0.6 g/L,氯化钾0.12 mol/L,温度28℃,初始pH 7.5,接种量6%,摇床转速200r/min。在此条件下,B.velezensisLT-2可在1g/L乙醛的培养液中生长,22h的降解率为89.77%±2.33%,是优化前降解率的3.58倍。【结论】试验菌株B. velezensis LT-2对乙醛具有良好的...     

Mucoromycotina sp. HS-3对苯胺蓝染料的降解

采用静置开敞式培养法研究了碳源、氮源、盐度、金属离子对Mucoromycotina sp.HS-3菌降解苯胺蓝的影响。结果表明,菌株脱色最适合条件为葡萄糖1 g/L,硫酸铵0.6 g/L,Fe3+0.15 mmol/L,盐度小于50 g/L,在上述各培养条件下,对浓度为100 mg/L不灭菌的苯胺蓝溶液静止培养5 d,脱色率达95%以上。此外,通过降解前后的苯胺蓝溶液对豇豆和枯草芽孢杆菌进行毒性测试发现,降解后的苯胺蓝溶液毒性明显降低。因此,该菌对处理以苯胺蓝为主要成分的印染废水具有较好的应用潜力。     

絮凝剂产生菌培养条件的研究及在废水处理中的应用

通过菌种富集、分离、纯化,从含有大量微生物菌群的土壤和活性污泥中筛选到一株对高岭土悬浊液具有较高絮凝活性的絮凝剂产生菌,将其命名为B23.通过研究该菌株在不同培养时间的生长情况和发酵液的絮凝活性,从而得出发酵液絮凝活性与菌体生长量呈正相关.通过对该菌株培养条件的研究表明,在培养时间为24h、培养温度为30℃、培养基初始pH值为8.0,以葡萄糖为碳源、(NH4)2SO4为氮源时,发酵液絮凝活性最强.用B23菌株所产絮凝剂处理废水后,废水中CODCr的去除率为62.48%,SS的去除率为84.47%,表明该菌株有良好的实际应用前景.     

毛木耳对孔雀石绿染料降解条件的优化

随着我国印染工业的发展,废水对生态环境的危害日趋严重,亟需开发一种脱色明显且成本低廉的降解方法。本研究发现毛木耳Auricularia cornea菌株AC5对不同结构的染料均具有一定的降解作用,尤其是三苯甲烷类染料。利用26℃、160r/min振荡培养7d的粗酶液对染料（75.0mg/L）进行12h降解,结果显示三苯甲烷染料孔雀石绿、结晶紫,蒽醌染料活性蓝19和偶氮染料活性蓝222的降解效率分别为83.27%、71.77%、67.81%和63.92%。染料降解实验和酶活力测定结果表明,毛木耳对孔雀石绿的降解率达到最高时漆酶活性最高,为321.0U/mL,木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶活性较低。因此,推测在降解过程中漆酶起到主要作用。研究表明利用毛木耳菌丝发酵液降解染料废水成本低且操作方便,为染料废水的降解研究提供了前期基础。     

白腐真菌染料脱色菌株的筛选及一色齿毛菌脱色条件的研究

以平皿培养方式对采集自中国和芬兰的白腐真菌菌株降解6种不同结构的人工染料的能力进行了筛选研究。在40株菌株中,黑管孔菌Bjerkandera adusta Y5012,一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor Y5002,硬毛粗盖孔菌Funalia trogii Y4997,香栓孔菌Trametes suaveolens D8325和云芝栓孔菌Trametes versicolor Y4946对刚果红、橙黄G、茜素红、结晶紫、中性红和亚甲基蓝均显示出较强的脱色能力。对一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor Y5002的液体培养脱色条件进行了研究,其最适碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖和麦芽浸粉;在不同橙黄G浓度下均获得较高的脱色率,因此浓度为500mg/L的橙黄G未对该菌的脱色能力产生抑制作用,而浓度为400mg/L茜素红则对其脱色作用产生明显抑制。对菌丝生物量和染料脱色率的研究表明,在不同碳源和氮源条件下,两者之间具有明显的正相关性。     

微生物燃料电池降解苯酚过程中微电场对阴极微生物多样性的影响

[背景]苯酚废水作为一种毒性强、难降解的废水而备受关注.目前,微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)已经广泛用于苯酚废水的降解,MFC的产电效果和苯酚的降解效率与反应器内的微生物群落有着密切关系.[目的]为了提高MFC的产电效果及对有害物质的降解能力,需要对MFC中苯酚的降解和微生物群落结构进...     

低温产纤维素酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及纤维素酶学性质

[目的]筛选一株低温产纤维素酶菌株并进行鉴定,初步探索其酶学性质,为微生物肥料生产筛选菌种资源.[方法]常温条件下,采用CMC-刚果红染色法初筛纤维素降解菌株.采用低温条件诱导的方法,筛选耐低温且产纤维素酶能力最强的菌株,经形态学、生理生化特征试验、ITS序列等方面分析系统分类地位.单因素试验确定温度、pH及金属离子对纤维素酶活力的影响.[结果]从秸秆还田土壤中分离出一株在13℃低温环境下高效分解纤维素的真菌M11,鉴定M11为草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum).发酵试验表明:以玉米秸秆粉为唯一碳氮源,13℃、200 r/min摇床发酵培养9d时,纤维素酶活力最高为33.08 U/mL.对其酶学性质初步研究表明:该酶最适pH为5.0,最适反应温度为20℃,在5℃-20℃间酶活力仍能保持在90％以上.[结论]Penicillium oxalicum M11是一株高效的纤维素降解菌株,在低温条件下可分泌纤维素酶且活性显著,具有潜在的开发价值.     

Decolorization and biotransformation of triphenylmethane dye, methyl violet, by Aspergillus sp. isolated from Ladakh, India

Methyl violet, used extensively in the commercial textile industry and as a biological stain, is a hazardous recalcitrant. Aspergillus sp. strain CB-TKL-1 isolated from a water sample from Tsumoriri Lake, Karzok, Ladakh, India, was found to completely decolorize methyl violet within 24 h when cultured under aerobic conditions at 25 degrees C. The rate of decolorization was determined by monitoring the decrease in the absorbance maxima of the dye by UV-visible spectroscopy. The decolorization of methyl violet was optimal at pH 5.5 and 30 degrees C when agitated at 200 rpm. Addition of glucose or arabinose (2%) as a carbon source and sodium nitrate or soyapeptone (0.2%) as a nitrogen source enhanced the decolorization ability of the culture. Furthermore, the culture exhibited a maximum decolorization rate of methyl violet after 24 h when the C:N ratio was 10. Nine N-demethylated decolorized products of methyl violet were identified based on UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and LC-MS analyses. The decolorization of methyl violet at the end of 24 h generated mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-Ndemethylated intermediates of pararosaniline. The variation of the relative absorption peaks in the decolorized sample indicated a linear decrease of hexa-N-demethylated compounds to non-N-demethylated pararosaniline, indicating a stepwise N-demethylation in the decolorization process.     

Decolorization and biodegradation of triphenylmethane dye,brilliant green,by Aspergillus sp. isolated from Ladakh,India

Brilliant green, used extensively to color silk and wool in the commercial textile industry is a hazardous recalcitrant. Aspergillus sp. strain CB-TKL-1 isolated from a water sample from Tsumoriri Lake, Karzok, Ladakh, India, was found to completely decolorize this dye within 72 h when cultured under aerobic conditions at 25 °C. The extent of decolorization was monitored by the decrease in absorbance maxima of the dye by UV–visible spectroscopy. The decolorization was optimum at pH 5 and 35 °C when agitated at 200 rpm. Addition of glucose (2%) as a carbon source and sodium nitrate (0.2%) as a nitrogen source enhanced the decolorization ability of the culture. The culture exhibited maximum extent of decolorization of brilliant green with a C:N ratio of 2.5 after 72 h. Thirteen N-demethylated decolorized products of brilliant green were identified based on UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS) analysis at the end of 72 h before mineralization. The difference of the relative absorption peaks in the decolorized sample indicated a linear release of N-demethylated compounds, indicating a stepwise N-demethylation in the decolorization process.     

绒毛栓孔菌菌丝体在无营养条件下对偶氮染料刚果红的脱色作用

【目的】在无营养条件下,利用白腐真菌绒毛栓孔菌(Trametes pubescens)菌丝体对染料进行脱色可减少试验成本,提高染料处理的实用性。【方法】将该菌株液体培养的菌丝体在无营养条件下对染料进行脱色,并对其中脱色效果较好的偶氮染料刚果红的脱色过程进行分析。在此过程中,测定了该菌株分泌的胞外胞内酶活力,优化影响因子如初始pH值、温度、染料浓度和盐度,同时利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析无营养条件下偶氮染料刚果红的降解产物。植物毒性试验测定刚果红经绒毛栓孔菌菌丝体脱色前后的毒性变化。【结果】菌丝体对偶氮染料刚果红有较好的脱色效果,在初始pH值为2.0,温度为30°C,染料浓度为80 mg/L,盐度为2.5%(质量体积比)时,150 r/min转速下培养7 d后脱色率可达80.52%。在此过程中,菌丝体可被连续使用2次,且其所分泌的酶系可降解染料。此外,通过气相色谱-质谱联用分析得到刚果红的降解产物为萘胺、联苯胺和叠氮萘。植物毒性试验显示在无营养条件下的绒毛栓孔菌菌丝体对染料有明显的脱毒作用。【结论】研究发现绒毛栓孔菌菌丝体在无营养条件下的偶氮染料废水处理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Decolorization of molasses and a dye by a newly isolated strain of the fungus Geotrichum candidum Dec 1

A fungus, Geotrichum candidum Dec 1, newly isolated as a dye-decolorizing microorganism, was used to decolorize molasses and an anthraquinone dye in shaken flasks. A degree of decolorization of molasses of 87% was achieved after 12 days of cultivation, and the maximum rate of decolorization of the dye in the culture broth was obtained in 7 days. The apparent activity of peroxidase in the molasses, which is responsible for dye decolorization, was significantly lower than that of purified peroxidase, due to the inhibition by molasses, but the inhibition was reduced after the fungus was fully grown. As two ultrafiltered fractions of molasses were similarly decolorized by Dec 1, Dec 1 apparently degraded colored substances of a wide range of molecular weights. When Dec 1 was cultivated in a medium in which sucrose in the molasses was hydrolyzed with invertase, the degree of decolorization of molasses, and rate of decolorization of the dye were similar to these obtained above.     

Decolorization of a dye industry effluent by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus fumigatus</Emphasis> XC6

The strain Aspergillus fumigatus XC6 isolated from mildewing rice straw was evaluated for its ability to decolorize a dye industry effluent. The strain was capable of decolorizing dyes effluent over a pH range 3.0–8.0 with the dyes as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. The optimum pH was 3.0; however, supplemented with either appropriate nitrogen sources (0.2% NH₄Cl or (NH₄)₂SO₄ ) or carbon sources (1.0% sucrose or potato starch), the strain decolorized the effluent completely at the original pH of the dyes effluent. Therefore, A. fumigatus XC6 is an efficient strain for the decolorization of reactive textile dyes effluents, and it might be a practical alternative in dyeing wastewater treatment.     

Enhanced decolorization of sulfonated azo dye methyl orange by single and mixed bacterial strains AK1, AK2 and VKY1

Abstract

Methyl orange, a sulfonated azo dye having various industrial applications was decolorized by three bacteria Bacillus sp. strain AK1, Lysinibacillus sp. strain AK2 and Kerstersia sp. strain VKY1. The effect of various factors such as dye concentration, pH, temperature and NaCl concentration on decolorization was investigated. At 200?mg/L methyl orange concentration, the strains AK1, AK2 and VKY1 exhibited maximum decolorizing potential of 93, 95 and 96%, respectively, at temperature 35?°C and pH 7.0 within 18?h of incubation. These strains decolorized the dye over a wide range of pH (5–10), temperature (15–55?°C), and NaCl concentration (5–20?g/L). Further, these strains decolorize up to 800?mg/L concentrations of methyl orange within 24?h. The dye decolorization efficiency was further increased by using different consortia of these three strains which could decolorize the dye completely within 12?h of incubation. The cell-free extracts of the strains AK1, AK2 and VKY1 grown on methyl orange exhibited the azoreductase activity of 0.4794, 1.56 and 1.01?µM/min/mg protein, respectively. HPLC and FTIR analysis of the dye decolorized sample indicated the formation of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine as breakdown products of azo bond. The high decolorization potential of these bacterial strains individually and in consortia has potential application in remediation of dye effluent.