二花脸和大白猪的脂肪组织中GH—R、IGF—1和IGF—IR基因表达的发育性变化

分别于出生当天、3、2 0、30、4 5、90、12 0、180日龄随机屠宰二花脸公、母猪各 4头 (30日龄仅有公猪 ) ,于 2 0、30、90、12 0、180日龄随机屠宰大白猪公猪 4头 ,采集背部皮下脂肪组织。用RT PCR方法 ,以 18SrRNA作内标 ,定量分析脂肪组织中生长激素受体 (GH R)、胰岛素样生长因子 1(IGF 1)及胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ型受体 (IGF ⅠR)基因表达的发育性变化 ,并进行品种和性别间比较。结果表明 :脂肪组织中GH RmRNA的表达有明显的发育性变化及品种差异 ,二花脸母猪GH RmRNA水平出生时较低 ,4 5日龄达到高峰 ,之后维持稳定 ;二花脸公猪GH RmRNA水平在出生时较高 ,至 4 5日龄达到最高值 ,之后显著下降 ,但总体上没有性别差异 ;大白猪公猪GH RmRNA水平极显著低于二花脸公猪 (P <0 0 1)。脂肪组织中IGF 1mRNA的表达有明显的发育性变化及性别和品种差异 ,二花脸母猪显著低于公猪 (P <0 0 5 ) ,大白猪公猪极显著低于二花脸公猪 (P <0 0 1) ;脂肪组织中IGF ⅠRmRNA的表达有明显的发育性变化 ,但在总体上没有明显的性别和品种差异。结果提示 :猪脂肪组织中GH R、IGF 1和IGF ⅠR的基因表达有特定的发育模式 ,IGF 1基因表达的品种差异可能正是两品种猪脂肪沉积规律不同的主要原因之一。     

二花脸和大白猪的脂肪组织中GH-R、IGF-1和IGF-Ⅰ R基因表达的发育性变化

分别于出生当天、3、20、30、45、90、120、180日龄随机屠宰二花脸公、母猪各4头(30日龄仅有公猪),于20、30、90、120、180日龄随机屠宰大白猪公猪4头,采集背部皮下脂肪组织.用RT-PCR方法,以18S rRNA作内标,定量分析脂肪组织中生长激素受体(GH-R)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)及胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ型受体(IGF-Ⅰ R)基因表达的发育性变化,并进行品种和性别间比较.结果表明:脂肪组织中GH-R mRNA的表达有明显的发育性变化及品种差异,二花脸母猪GH-R mRNA水平出生时较低,45日龄达到高峰,之后维持稳定;二花脸公猪GH-R mRNA水平在出生时较高,至45日龄达到最高值,之后显著下降,但总体上没有性别差异;大白猪公猪GH-R mRNA水平极显著低于二花脸公猪(P＜0.01).脂肪组织中IGF-1 mRNA的表达有明显的发育性变化及性别和品种差异,二花脸母猪显著低于公猪(P＜0.05),大白猪公猪极显著低于二花脸公猪(P＜0.01); 脂肪组织中IGF-Ⅰ R mRNA的表达有明显的发育性变化,但在总体上没有明显的性别和品种差异.结果提示:猪脂肪组织中GH-R、IGF-1和IGF-Ⅰ R的基因表达有特定的发育模式,IGF-1基因表达的品种差异可能正是两品种猪脂肪沉积规律不同的主要原因之一.     

猪下丘脑和垂体中生长激素受体、胰岛素样生长因子1型受体的发育性变化

GH和IGF-1可作用于垂体或/和下丘脑负反馈性地调节垂体GH的分泌,而这种负反馈作用必须通过下丘脑或垂体的GHR和IGF-1R来实现.为研究猪垂体GH分泌负反馈调节的发育性变化和品种特点,分别在0、3、20、30、90、120和180日龄随机选取纯种雄性二花脸猪和大白猪各4头,屠宰并取下丘脑及垂体,用相对定量RT-PCR分析下丘脑和垂体GHR和IGF-1R mRNA水平.结果表明下丘脑GHR mRNA表达呈明显的时序性变化,在0到120日龄期间呈逐渐上升趋势,180日龄时显著下降(P＜0.05),提示在快速生长期,GH负反馈调控机制逐渐加强.下丘脑GHR mRNA表达还表现明显的品种间差异,在0到180日龄期间大白猪均显著高于二花脸猪(P＜0.05);而垂体GHR mRNA表达相对稳定,品种和年龄间差异不显著,提示GH的负反馈作用位点可能主要在下丘脑.IGF-1R与GHR的表达发育模式不同.下丘脑IGF-IR mRNA的表达相对稳定,无显著的年龄、品种间差异;而在垂体,大白猪和二花脸猪IGF-1R mRNA水平在出生时均较高,随后显著下降(P＜0.05),20日龄后逐渐上升至90日龄的较高水平,随后再次下降.大白猪垂体IGF-1 mRNA表达在30日龄和90日龄时显著高于二花脸猪(P＜0.05),而180日龄时二花脸猪垂体IGF-1R mRNA水平却显著高于大白猪(P＜0.05).结果提示,IGF-1长环负反馈作用位点可能不在下丘脑,而主要在垂体.     

猪肌红蛋白基因表达的发育性变化及品种、性别特点

试验动物选用生长速度慢的肥胖型猪二花脸猪与生长速度快的瘦肉型猪大白猪,分别于3、20、90、120和180日龄随机屠宰大白猪公猪和二花脸公、母猪各4头,采集背最长肌样品。采用反转录―聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）法,以18S rRNA为内标,定量分析背最长肌中肌红蛋白（myoglobin,MB）基因表达的发育性变化,并进行品种和性别间比较。结果显示,两品种猪背最长肌MB mRNA的表达呈现不同的发育模式。3日龄时,MB mRNA 表达无论在大白公猪还是二花脸公猪均处在较低水平,之后两品种出现分歧。大白猪3日龄后MB mRNA 表达无显著变化;而二花脸在20日龄有显著的升高（P<0.01）,之后维持此高水平表达。因此,两品种3日龄时MB mRNA水平无显著差异,20到180日龄,二花脸公猪显著高于大白公猪（P<0.01或P<0.05）。性别间,二花脸公猪和母猪MB mRNA水平在120日龄前无显著差异,180日龄时二花脸公猪极显著高于母猪（P<0.01）。     

二花脸和大白猪脂肪leptin和下丘脑中Ob-Rb基因表达的发育性变化

为研究猪脂肪组织中leptin和下丘脑中Ob-Rb基因表达发育性变化的性别差异和品种特点, 分别于出生当天, 3, 20, 30, 45, 90, 120和180日龄随机屠宰二花脸公、母猪, 大白猪公猪各4头, 采集血样、背部皮下脂肪组织和下丘脑. 用放射免疫法测定血清leptin浓度, 用反转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法, 以18S rRNA作内标, 定量分析脂肪组织中leptin和下丘脑Ob-Rb基因表达的发育性变化, 并进行品种和性别间比较. 结果显示: 脂肪组织中leptin mRNA的表达有明显的发育性变化, 随日龄增加而增高, 母猪显著高于公猪, 二花脸猪显著高于大白猪(P<0.01). 二花脸猪和大白猪血清leptin水平的发育性变化模式基本相同, 随日龄增加而增高, 且与脂肪组织中leptin mRNA表达的发育性变化高度正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01), 有性别和品种差异, 总体上母猪显著高于公猪, 二花脸猪显著高于大白猪(P<0.01). 而下丘脑中Ob-Rb mRNA的表达呈现明显不同的发育及品种特点, 在出生后逐渐下降, 然后逐渐回升, 断乳后又逐渐下降, 二花脸猪在120~180日龄又逐渐回升. 大白猪Ob-Rb的基因表达在总体上高于二花脸猪(P<0.01). 结果提示: 二花脸猪和大白猪血清leptin水平和脂肪组织中leptin的基因表达与脂肪沉积相关.     

生长激素基因(GH2)多态性与猪部分生产性能的关系

采用PCR -RFLP对南昌白猪 (117头 )和大约克夏猪 (36 1头 )的GH 2基因 - 119～ +486bp的片段进行了扩增 ,并用ApaⅠ酶切 ,产生了 2个等位基因A(44 9+10 1+5 5bp)和B(316 +133+10 1+5 5bp)。分析了不同基因型对个体初生重、2月龄重、4月龄重、6月龄重、校正背膘厚、平均背膘厚、瘦肉率和料重比等生产性能的影响。结果表明 ,在南昌白猪中 ,不同GH 2基因型间在所测的生产性能上差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;在大约克夏猪中 ,AA型猪的瘦肉率最低、与BB型猪相比 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。     

大白×梅山猪资源家系生长性状QTL的检测

以大白猪和梅山猪为父母本建立F2 资源家系 ,在 2 0 0 0年 ,随机选留 6 6头F2 代个体 ,获得出生重、6 0日龄体重、出生至 6 0日龄平均日增重及 6 0日龄至屠宰前平均日增重的表型数据。结合 4 8个微卫星标记构建的猪 1、2、3、4、6和 7号染色体遗传连锁图谱 ,用线性模型最小二乘法对各数量性状进行QTL区间作图 ,利用置换法(permutation)确定显著性阈值。研究发现 ,猪 4号染色体上有一个染色体水平极显著 (P <0 0 1)的QTL影响 6 0日龄至屠宰前平均日增重 ,并达到基因组显著水平 (P <0 0 5 )。在染色体水平 ,出生至 6 0日龄平均日增重QTL位于 2号染色体 ,6 0日龄体重QTL位于 1号染色体。 6号染色体的出生至 6 0日龄平均日增重QTL达到建议显著水平     

二花脸猪与大约克猪生长期肌内脂肪合成与水解基因表达特征的比较研究

大约克公猪于15kg、40kg、60kg和90kg时随机屠宰,二花脸公猪于18kg、40kg、60kg、80kg和90kg时随机屠宰,每阶段每品种各屠宰4头。采集背最长肌,用乙醚抽提法分析肌内脂含量,同时取冈上肌和半膜肌提取组织的总RNA,用相对定量RT-PCR方法,以18S作内标,分析脂肪合成基因(LPL、ME、ACX)与水解基因(HSL)表达的发育性变化。结果表明：(1)两品种猪肌内脂生长规律存在差异：二花脸猪生长前期(40kg前)肌内脂含量为2％左右,但在60kg阶段肌内脂水平显著升高到4％以上,90kg阶段达到5％以上而大约克猪在整个生长期肌内脂含量稳定在2％左右;(2)冈上肌和半膜肌肌内脂肪组织脂肪合成与水解基因表达规律相似;(3)二花脸猪20-60kg时LPL和MEmRNA表达水平的变化与肌内脂沉积趋势相吻合;结果提示：二花脸猪与大约克猪肌内脂含量的差异主要是由二花脸猪在40—60kg阶段肌内脂快速沉积引起的,而且ME和LPL基因表达水平的增加可能在二花脸猪肌内脂快速沉积过程中发挥了作用。     

肌肉生长抑制素基因5′调控区的多态性与大白猪的早期生长有关

肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin, 简称抑肌素, 又称GDF8)是骨骼肌发育的负调节因子. 本研究对猪抑肌素基因5′调控区的序列进行了克隆, 对该区段的多态性及其与大白猪初生重和早期生长的关系进行了分析. 结果表明, 猪抑肌素基因5′调控区的序列存在长度多态性和单核苷酸多态性(SNP), 其中, 在435和447位点, 由PCR-SSCP判定的2个等位基因(A和B)核苷酸序列不同: A等位基因分别为A和G, B等位基因则分别为G和A. 在所检测的大白猪群体中A和B等位基因的频率分别为0.525和0.475; 所检测的9头莱芜猪中4头为AA型, 5头为AB型, 未检测到BB型. 本研究首次发现等位基因B对大白猪21日龄(P<0.01)、28日龄(P<0.05)和70日龄体重(P<0.05)以及0~21日龄(P<0.01)、0~28日龄(P<0.05)和21~70日龄(P<0.01)的日增重等早期生长性状均具有有利效应, 加性效应值分别为(0.596±0.205)(P=0.0041), (0.498±0.200)(P=0.0136)和(1.409±0.551) kg (P=0.0112)以及(28.39±9.74)(P=0.0041), (17.78±7.15)(P=0.0136)和(37.00±16.92)g (P=0.0304), 均达到显著或极显著水平. 而对28~70日龄的日增重, 尽管BB基因型个体有较高的日增重, 但差异不显著(P>0.1).     

皖南花猪11种血液生化指标的发育性变化及性别差异

随机选择出生30、45、90、180日龄的皖南花猪公母各5头,测定了11项血清生化指标.结果显示:血糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、脂联素(ADP)、瘦素(leptin)和IgG有极显著的发育性变化(P0.01);而甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、IgA和IgM等没有明显的发育性变化.母猪的TG、TC、HDL-C和IgM极显著或显著大于公猪(P0.01或P0.05),其他血清生化指标虽在总体上没有性别差异,但在有些日龄差异明显,大多表现为母猪在90或180日龄大于公猪.结果表明:皖南花猪血液生化指标有特定的发育性模式,并存在不同程度的性别差异.     

Developmental patterns of serum leptin levels, leptin gene expression in adipose tissue and Ob-Rb gene expression in hypothalamus of Erhualian and Large White pigs

~~Developmental patterns of serum leptin levels, leptin gene expression in adipose tissue and Ob-Rb gene expression in hypothalamus of Erhualian and Large White pigs~~     

Developmental patterns of serum leptin levels, <Emphasis Type="Italic">leptin</Emphasis> gene expression in adipose tissue and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ob-Rb</Emphasis> gene expression in hypothalamus of Erhualian and Large White pigs

The present study was aimed to investigate the developmental patterns of leptin mRNA expression in dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue and Ob-Rb mRNA expression in hypothalamus in pigs of different breeds and sexes. Erhualian gilts and boars and Large White boars were sampled at birth, 3, 20, 30, 45, 90, 120 and 180 days of age, respectively. Serum concentration of leptin was measured with RIA and single tube semi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied to determine the relative abundances of mRNA expression using 18S rRNAas an internal standard. The results showed that leptin mRNA expression in adipose tissue increased with age and displayed both sex and breed differences. In Erhualian pigs, females expressed higher leptin mRNA compared with males, and Erhualian boars showed higher abundance of leptin mRNA than Large White boars (P < 0.01). Serum leptin levels were in good agreement with adipose leptin mRNA, displaying similar sex and line differences. In contrast, expression of Ob-Rb mRNA in hypothalamus exhibited a distinctive pattern, decreased gradually after birth, and then increased till weaning. After weaning, Ob-Rb gene expression decreased gradually with age but rose gradually again from 120 to 180 days of age in Erhualian pigs. The expression of Ob-Rb mRNA was higher in Large White pigs than that in Erhualian pigs (P< 0.01). The results suggest that the serum leptin level and leptin gene expression in adipose tissue highly correlate with adiposity.     

Association od the DdeI growth hormone gene polymorphism with some performance traits in Polish Large White and Czech Large White x Polish Large White pigs

The genotypes of growth hormone gene polymorphisms (GH-DdeI, GH-MspI, GH-HaeII, GH-ApaI, GH-CfoI) were determined in 78 pigs [Czech Large White sires (CLWsire line) x Polish Large White (PLW) sows, Polish Large White sires x Polish Large White sows], by the PCR-RFLP method. Preliminary studies found only GH DdeI polymorphism to be associated with performance traits. The associations of this polymorphism with growth and carcass traits were investigated. The linear model included the effects of candidate genes, genetic groups, sex and linear covariables of age at slaughter and body weight at weaning. The DdeI polymorphism of the GH gene showed associations with carcass length (P 相似文献   

皖南花猪不同发育阶段脂肪组织脂联素及受体和瘦素mRNA的变化

目的:研究皖南花猪不同发育阶段不同部位脂肪组织中脂联素(Adp)及其受体(AdpR1、AdpR2)和瘦素(leptin)mRNA的变化及性别差异。方法:选择出生、30、45、90、180日龄的皖南花猪雌、雄各5头,以β-actin为内标,采用△△Ct相对定量实时荧光PCR方法对皮下脂肪和肾周脂肪中Adp、AdpR1、AdpR2和leptin mRNA进行定量分析。结果:不同发育阶段皮下脂肪和肾周脂肪Adp、AdpR1、AdpR2、leptin mRNA的表达都有极显著差异(P<0.01)。总体上Adp mRNA在肾周脂肪显著高于皮下脂肪(P<0.05);AdpR1、AdpR2和leptin mRNA在皮下脂肪显著或极显著高于肾周脂肪(P<0.05或P<0.01)。除个别基因和个别日龄外,总体上各基因mRNA表达的性别差异不明显。无论在皮下脂肪还是肾周脂肪,Adp mRNA的表达与AdpR1、AdpR2呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与leptin显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论:皖南花猪不同发育阶段脂肪组织中Adp、AdpR1、AdpR2、leptin的基因表达有差异,且有组织特异性;Adp与其受体mRNA表达有相关性。     

Effect of recombinant growth hormone on expression of growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor mRNA and serum level of leptin in growing pigs

Growth hormone (GH) plays an important role in regulation of animal growth, metabolism and lactation[1]. Numerous studies have shown that exogenous somatotropin (ST) can increase average daily weight gain, improve feed efficiency, stimulate protein deposition and muscle growth and decrease lipid accretion rate[1]. The original somatomedin hypothesis suggested that the effect of GH on postnatal growth was mediated by insulin-like growth hormone factor 1 (IGF-I) which was thought to be deriv…     

猪窝产仔数的遗传分析

对二花脸猪,大白猪及其杂交一代3个群体共计1686窝仔猪数的资料进行了遗传分析,结果表明猪总产仔数,活产仔数,20日龄仔猪数和45日龄仔猪数的遗传力分别为0．081,0．156,0．402和0．419。主效基因指数分析表明二花脸猪这4个性状均存在主效基因遗传。     

Influence of breed and slaughter weight on boar taint prevalence in entire male pigs

Piétrain (P), Large White (LW) and Belgian Landrace stress negative (BN) boars were slaughtered at 50, 70, 90 or 110 kg live weight to investigate breed differences and the effect of slaughter weight on boar taint prevalence. Boar taint was quantified by four different methodologies: sensory evaluation of neckfat heated with a hot iron in the slaughterhouse, sensory evaluation of meat by consumer panels, sensory evaluation of fat and meat by expert panels and laboratory analysis of indole, skatole and androstenone in backfat. Skatole levels in backfat were significantly higher for LW and BN than for P boars. The androstenone levels and the hot iron method revealed a significant interaction between breed and slaughter weight. On the other hand, experts detected an effect of weight on the androstenone odour perception, which was significantly higher in fat from boars slaughtered at 90 kg compared with 50 kg, and significantly higher in meat from boars slaughtered at 110 kg compared with 50 kg. Consumers did not detect differences in the sensory characteristics among breeds or slaughter weight. These results indicate opportunities to minimise the risk of boar taint in entire male pigs by carefully selecting a combination of breed and slaughter weight. Along with the optimal slaughter weight, the effectiveness of reducing boar taint by lowering slaughter weight appeared to be breed dependent.     

Gonadal sperm reserve in purebred Landrace and Large White boars of high average daily gain

The present study investigated the effects of average growth rate (AGR) levels and age on the number of sperm cells per gram of testis parenchyma and on the gonadal reserve in Landrace (LD) and Large White (LW) boars. In Experiment 1, the effects of breed (LD, LW), level of AGR from birth up to 90 days of age (Level 1: 384 +/- 32 g/day; Level 2: 512 +/- 22 g/day; Level 3: 624 +/- 41 g/day), and age (13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 weeks) on testicular cell concentration were evaluated. Data were analyzed under a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial design. There were significant effects associated with breed (P < 0.001) and age (P < 0.001) but not with AGR (P > 0.05) on sperm cell number per gram of testicular parenchyma. The number of cells increased with age and was greater in LW than in LD young boars, mainly those up to 19 weeks of age. In Experiment 2, the effect of two AGR levels (Level 1: 649-694 g/day; Level 2: 813-885 g/day) from birth up to 100 kg body weight on the number of sperm cells per gram of testis parenchyma and on the gonadal reserve was investigated using 59 purebred LD and LW boars. The boars were castrated at 23, 25, 29 and 33 weeks of age. Age of boars significantly affected gonadal sperm reserve and the number of sperm cells per gram of testicular tissue (P < 0.001). Breed of boars and AGR Levels did not significantly affect number of sperm cells and gonadal sperm reserve (P > 0.05). It was concluded that the number of sperm cells in the testicular tissue of young boars is influenced by their breed and age, but not by the level of their AGR.     

两猪群间繁殖相关基因表达与生殖细胞数性状相关性研究

采集三周龄杜洛克×梅山(DM,n=30)杂种母猪与PIC-长大(PLL,n=53)杂种母猪卵巢,测定其生殖细胞数目,比较2个猪群间生殖细胞数的差异,并对4个卵泡发育相关基因在2个猪群卵巢中的mRNA表达进行定量分析,研究了这些基因的表达与生殖细胞数之间的关系.结果表明DM杂种猪生殖细胞数显著高于PLL杂种母猪(P＜0.01);DM猪和PLL仔猪卵巢重没有明显差异(P=0.269),两猪群内生殖细胞数和卵巢重的相关性均不显著(分别R=0.335,P=0.07;R=0.119,P=0.398);DM杂种猪ESR和IGF1R的mRNA表达量与其生殖细胞数存在相关(分别R=0.648,P＜0.05;R=0.757,P＜0.01),FSHR和INHBAmRNA的表达与其生殖细胞数无显著相关;PLL母猪ESR、FSHR和IGFlRmRNA的表达与其生殖细胞数有相关性(分别R=0.435,P＜0.01;R=0.438,P＜0.01;R=0.292,P＜0.05),INHBA mRNA的表达与其生殖细胞数无显著相关.