泰山郝鳞鱼同工酶的研究

采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳或聚丙酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）技术研究了泰赤鳞鱼早期发育阶段（受精后０－１２０ｈ）及成体眼、脑、心、肾、肝、肌６种组织中的ＬＤＨ同工酶分化表达谱式。结果表明：（１）赤鳞鱼在胚胎发育过程中Ｌｄｈ－Ａ基因和－Ｂ基因同时表达,形成５种不同形式的四聚体（Ｂ４、ＡＢ３、Ｂ３Ｂ、Ａ４）。与大多数硬骨鱼相比,赤鳞鱼ＬＤＨ同工酶具有独特的早期个体发育谱式：在整个胚胎发育时期,Ａ亚基与Ｂ亚基     

鳙团移核鱼LDH,MDH同工酶的研究

对二龄鳙鱼细胞核和团头鲂细胞质配合的核质杂种鱼－－鳙团移核鱼及其亲本,供核体鳙鱼和受核体团头鲂肌组织ＬＤＨ、ＭＤＨ同工酶进行了研究试验。鳙团移核鱼和供核体鳙鱼肌组织ＬＤＨ同工酶均具有ＬｄｈＡ２Ｂ２一条谱带;受核体团头鲂的则具有ＬｄｈＡ２、ＬｄｈＡ２Ｂ１、ＬｄｈＡ２Ｂ２、ＬｄｈＡ１Ｂ３、ＬｄｈＢ４等五条谱带。移核鱼和供核体鳙鱼肌组织的ＭＤＨ同工酶都各具有二条谱带：Ｓ－ｍｄｈＡ２、Ｓ－ｍｄｈＡＢ;受核     

中国林蛙乳酸脱氢酶多基因系统及基因间连锁关系的研究

（１）用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对山西产中国林蛙４个地理群的３３３只林蛙进行了分析,结果表明：中国林蛙的ＬＤＨ由ＬＤＨ－Ａ,ＬＤＨ－Ｂ和ＬＤＨ－Ｃ３个基因决定。ＬＤＨ－Ａ是单态座位,ＬＤＨ－Ｂ和ＬＤＨ－Ｃ均为多态座位,每个多态座位均有两个等位基因。ＬＤＨ－Ｂ与ＬＤＨ－Ｃ呈紧密连锁关系。认为ＬＤＨ－Ｃ是ＬＤＨ－Ｂ的重复产物。（２）热稳定性、尿素处理稳定性及组织特异性研究表明：ＬＤＨ对温度和尿素处理稳定性顺序为Ａ４＞Ｂ’４＞Ｂ４＞Ｃ４。Ａ４在骨骼肌和肝脏等组织中活力最大,Ｂ４在心肌和卵巢中活力最强,ＬＤＨ－Ｃ主要在眼球和卵巢中表达。（３）Ｌｄｈ－ｂ和Ｌｄｈ－ｂ＇在不同地理群间呈差异分布,随着纬度的增高,Ｌｄｈ－ｂ在种群中的频率增大。     

中华大蟾蜍人工诱发冬眠后组织内LDH同工酶的变化

非冬眠中华大蟾蜍７种组织中分离出３－５种具不同活力的ＬＤＨ轴工酶谱带,Ｌｄｈ－Ａ,Ｌｄｈ－Ｂ基因的表达有一定的组织特异性,其酶谱特征可分为心肌型和骨骼肌型两种类型。经４±１℃低温条件诱眠６周后,脾脏,肺,肝脏和脂肪中的ＬＤＨ同工酶谱带减少,但从Ｌｄｈ－Ａ,Ｌｄｈ－Ｂ两个基因表达能力看,其各组织内表达活性（Ａ：Ｂ规律性）没有产生明显变化。     

黄鳝性逆转过程中同工酶的分析研究 Ⅰ．雌雄个体不同组织的同工酶分析

作者采用三种垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对雌雄黄鳝６种组织的乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、酯酶（ＥＳＴ）进行了研究。结果表明ＬＤＨ同工酶谱为细带型,可分为３区８条带,其迁移率为Ａ＞Ｂ＞Ｃ,其中Ｃ＿４仅出现在心、脑和肌肉中。ＬＤＨ在肝中表达甚微。ＥＳＴ同工酶显示３区７条带。黄鳝的同工酶有明显的组织特异性,在两性中的表达也存在一定的差异,这种差异ＥＳＴ比ＬＤＨ明显;肝、肾和性腺比其它组织较明显。这两种同工酶在雌性中的表达均比在雄性中强。以上反映了差别的基因活性。本文还讨论了黄鳝同工酶的遗传基础,亚基的组成以及ＬＤＨ迁移率和黄鳝演化地位的关系。     

六种鼠乳酸脱氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶位点变异的研究

用电泳比较分析了鼠科动物６个种的组织ＬＤＨ同工酶的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ亚基和ＳＯＤ同工酶位点的种属差异。结果表明,ＬＤＨ的Ａ和Ｂ亚基在进化上的可变性程度不同。在被分析的２个属共６种鼠中,首次发现Ｂ亚基的结构具有属的特征,同属的鼠种Ｂ亚基泳动度相同,在垂直凝胶电泳板上处于同一泳动线上。不同属的鼠其Ｂ亚基泳动度不同,家鼠属的鼠Ｂ亚基比姬鼠属的泳动快;Ａ亚基的结构既有属的特性,更具有种的特征,同属不同种的鼠Ａ亚基泳动速度不同,表现为ＬＤＨ同工酶带的间距不同。ＬＤＨ的Ｃ亚基结构因鼠种不同而异,由Ｃ亚基组成的ＬＤＨ－Ｘ带黄毛鼠位于自身的ＬＤＨ－３和ＬＤＨ－４之间,社鼠和褐家鼠此带位于自身的ＬＤＨ－４和ＬＤＨ－５之间,白腹巨鼠此带位于自身的ＬＤＨ－５以外的阴极端,与黑线姬鼠此带的位置特征相同。ＳＯＤ同工酶带只表现种的差异,其３条带泳动速度的改变具有协同而变的共同特点。被分析的鼠种经配对法比较生化特征的相同程度,初步表明黄毛鼠亲缘上与褐家鼠比较近,白腹巨鼠亲缘上又比其余３种鼠更近于姬鼠属。     

黄鳝性逆转过程中同工酶的分析研究：I.雌雄个体不同组织的同工酶分析

作者采用三种垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对雌雄黄鳝６种组织的乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、酯酶（ＥＳＴ）进行了研究。结果表明ＬＤＨ同工酶谱为细带型,可分为３区８条带,其迁移率率为Ａ＞Ｂ＞Ｃ,其中Ｃ４仅出现在心、脑和肌肉中。ＬＤＨ在肝中表达甚微。ＥＳＴ同工酶显示３区７条带。黄鳝的同工酶有明显的组织较明显。在两性中的表达也存在一定的差异,这种差异ＥＳＴ比ＬＤＨ明显;肝、肾和性腺比其它组织较明显。这两种同工酶在雌性     

两种泥鳅不同核质关系下LDH同工酶基因表达的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺不连续系统凝胶电泳方法分析了泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅不同杂交组合不同核质关系下胚发育阶段（0－145h）中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同工酶的分化表达谱式,ＬＤＨ同工酶的基因表达随细胞质、细胞核不同及胚胎发育各个时期具有不同的个体发育谱式,以泥鳅卵子为细胞质的Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组,杂交组（Ⅱ）ＬＤＨ同工酶基因在受精后３min至原肠中期雄核基因参与表达与调控,部分基因位点比本交组（Ⅰ）启动与表达的时间要早,两组的管家酶主要来自细胞质。以大鳞副泥鳅为细胞质的Ⅲ、Ⅳ两组,各酶均以细胞质调控为主,其管家酶与泥鳅有很大不同。并具体分析和讨论了不同核质关系ＬＤＨ同工酶基因的表达和调控的时空顺序。     

暗纹东方同工酶生化表现型的研究

利用聚丙烯酚胺凝胶垂直平板电泳方法,对暗纹东方的心、肝、肾,肌、性腺５种不同组织的７种同工酶（ＥＳＴ、ＬＤＨ、ＰＯＤ、ＭＤＨ、ＳＯＤ、ＳＤＨ、α－ＡＭＹ）进行了研究,讨论了各同工酶的基因表达谱式,观察到ＥＳＴ同工酶存在着多态现象;ＬＤＨ同工酶有二个基因位点,但只表现３条带,Ａ与Ｂ亚基的结合受阻;ＭＤＨ同工酶存在性别差异,说明决定ＭＤＨ同工酶表达的因素在不同性别中存在差异;ＳＯＤ同工酶有３个基因位点。各同工酶酶谱稳定,有组织特异性,倡ＥＳＴ、ＭＤＨ、ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ同工酶在各组织器官中又表现出较大的一致性,有利于物种的鉴定。α－ＡＭＹ与ＳＤＨ只在个别组织中有活性,可能与特定组织与器官的形态发生与机能分化有关。     

野生大家鼠和实验大白鼠血红蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的比较研究

本文对野生大家鼠（Ｒａｔｕｓｎｏｒｖｅｇｉｃｕｓ）和Ｗｉｓｔａｒ品系实验大白鼠的血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）及组织的乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）同工酶进行了电泳分析,结果表明,两种鼠均表现了Ｈｂ的多态性,其中ＨｂＩ型都含有８个成分,各成分的泳动率相同。两种鼠的心脏ＬＤＨ同工酶都含有ＬＤＨ１,ＬＤＨ２,ＬＤＨ３和ＬＤＨ５,而且各谱带泳动率相近似,其余组织ＬＤＨ谱带泳动率有明显的差异,表现了组织和种（或品系）的特异性。从电泳图谱上发现Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠ＬＤＨ５（Ａ或Ｍ亚基纯合体）出现亚带,而ＬＤＨ１（Ｂ或Ｈ亚基纯合体）则未发现,可确定变异是由于Ａ或Ｍ亚基位点发生突变,出现等位基因而导致。对褐家鼠的ＬＤＨ４出现亚带也进行了讨论     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.