六种鼠乳酸脱氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶位点变异的研究

用电泳比较分析了鼠科动物６个种的组织ＬＤＨ同工酶的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ亚基和ＳＯＤ同工酶位点的种属差异。结果表明，ＬＤＨ的Ａ和Ｂ亚基在进化上的可变性程度不同。在被分析的２个属共６种鼠中，首次发现Ｂ亚基的结构具有属的特征，同属的鼠种Ｂ亚基泳动度相同，在垂直凝胶电泳板上处于同一泳动线上。不同属的鼠其Ｂ亚基泳动度不同，家鼠属的鼠Ｂ亚基比姬鼠属的泳动快；Ａ亚基的结构既有属的特性，更具有种的特征，同属不同种的鼠Ａ亚基泳动速度不同，表现为ＬＤＨ同工酶带的间距不同。ＬＤＨ的Ｃ亚基结构因鼠种不同而异，由Ｃ亚基组成的ＬＤＨ－Ｘ带黄毛鼠位于自身的ＬＤＨ－３和ＬＤＨ－４之间，社鼠和褐家鼠此带位于自身的ＬＤＨ－４和ＬＤＨ－５之间，白腹巨鼠此带位于自身的ＬＤＨ－５以外的阴极端，与黑线姬鼠此带的位置特征相同。ＳＯＤ同工酶带只表现种的差异，其３条带泳动速度的改变具有协同而变的共同特点。被分析的鼠种经配对法比较生化特征的相同程度，初步表明黄毛鼠亲缘上与褐家鼠比较近，白腹巨鼠亲缘上又比其余３种鼠更近于姬鼠属。

STUDIES ON VARIATION OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE AND SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE FOR SIX MURIDS

The four species of the genus Rattus were used as the ingroup and the two species of the genus Apodemus were used as the outgroup. The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of kidney and liver extract were examined. The obtained results showed that the variability of subunit B of LDH is different from subunit A in evolution. The former has characteristic of genus ( Rattus or Apodemus ), the latter has characteristic of the species. It is based on that the mobilities of subunit B(LDH) are the same among the four species in the Rattus group, or also the same between two species in the Apodemus group. However the former is faster than the latter. It is also based on that the migratory velocity of subunit A (LDH 5) are changed with the different species in the same genus( Rattus or Apodemus ). The mobilities of subunit C(LDH X) are also changed with species. For example, the LDH X zone of R. rattoides is located between its LDH 3 and LDH 4, The ones of R. niviventer and R. norvegicus are located between its LDH 4 and LDH 5, the one of R.edwardsi is far from LDH 5 toward cathode. For each species there are three SOD zones that their mobilities are different from species to species. The migratory velosities of the three zones are changed coordinately. The phenetic analysis of the biochemical data suggested that R.rattoides with R. flavipectus or with R. norvegicus are allied in systematics and that R. edwardsi is closer to A. agrarius than the other four species of Rattus group.