基于“以学为中心”的医学微生物学课程教学改革与实践

“医学微生物学”是临床医学专业的核心课程,理论性和实践性较强。面向国家对医学人才培养目标的变化、如何在教学过程中以学为中心,以及注重学生能力素质的培养是本课程教学改革的重要环节。我们依据学情分析结果,通过翻转课堂、挖掘课程思政元素、基于问题的学习(problem-based learning,PBL)讨论课、虚拟仿真实验及临床见习课、开放性实验等教学手段综合运用进行课程的教学改革。实践证明,该教学改革体系使课程教学与医学人才培养挂钩,能够充分调动学生积极性、提高创新能力及服务意识,实现了师生共赢,圆满完成教学目标。     

一致性建构原则下遗传学混合式教学设计与实践

遗传学是从基因(组)水平研究生命的遗传和变异规律的生物学分支学科。遗传学教学应与不断发展的遗传学科和社会需求相适应。针对遗传学知识体系不断发展、生物学人才培养要求不断提升,教学团队以一致性建构原则为指导,开展遗传学混合式教学的课程设计与改革实践。改革举措具体包括:(1)以遗传分析为主线,建设遗传学在线课程资源;(2)对照布鲁姆教育目标分类,优化课程学习目标;(3)设计与教学目标一致的学习活动与学习测评,建构一致性;(4)丰富学习活动的形式,突出以"学"为中心,重视学生互动,促进主动学习,提升学习成效。问卷调查与成绩分析提示混合式教学改革取得了初步成果:课程受到了学生的充分肯定,并有助于提升学生的学习成效,值得进一步巩固和推广。本文介绍了混合式改革的教学设计与初步实践结果,为新时代遗传学教学的继续发展提供了新的思路和方法。     

基于工程教育专业认证产业需求为导向的“环境微生物学”课程项目化教学改革

本课程团队以地方产业需求为导向,结合国家工程教育专业认证的标准,实施了“环境微生物学”课程项目化教学改革,构建了“教、学、育、用”一体化的创新教学模式。课程设计了3个教学项目、17个学习任务,设定了4个课程目标,完善了课程各目标达成的评价方法,建立了多元化的考核评价体系。课程教学方法多样,授课形式多元,同时注重课程的特色教学和思政教育。课程改革后学生学习的主动性、积极性明显增强,课程目标的达成度均高于期望值;期末学生及格率、综合成绩、督导评价、同行评价、学生评价均有明显的提升,课程的项目化教学改革取得良好的成效。     

打造线上线下混合式“金课”——以《食品工程原理》课程为例

以线上线下混合式"金课"建设为目标,全力建设锦州医科大学食品工程原理课程线上线下混合式教学模式。通过建设,本课程对教学内容进行了科学的线上线下混合教学设计,更新完善了更多的教学资源,包括课前教学视频、问题反馈机制以及课堂学习活动和课外作业、辅助学习资源建设等。设计和实施符合线上线下混合课程的评价考核方式,丰富了见面课设计与实施。《食品工程原理》课程通过建设线上线下混合教学模式,突出学生为课程中心的建设理念,使得学生的食品工程能力素养得到了充分的挖掘和提高。     

“四合一”分子医学整合课程的构建与实践

整合课程是将各学科知识横向或纵向组合,注重学生整体思维学习的一种新型课程。整合课程教学方式为跨专业的团队教学,教学特点是注重学生思维能力和学习能力的培养,是当今医学教育改革的趋势。昆明医科大学目前尝试将"以学科为主"的教学模式转化为以"以器官系统为中心"的整合课程教学模式。为顺应这一教育改革的趋势,作者在基础医学课程建设中,将"细胞生物学、医学遗传学、生物化学、分子生物学"四门课程整合为"分子医学"课程。作者就"四合一"分子医学整合课程改革的背景、顶层设计、教学模式、实践中存在的问题等进行讨论。     

“互联网+”背景下“微生物学实验”课程的改革与实践

"互联网+"技术应用于教育使高校教学在教学场景、教师角色和学生学习特点等方面发生巨大变化。为适应"互联网+"时代的教学特点以及学生个性化学习和创新能力培养的需要,将智慧教学工具引入到"微生物学实验"课程教学以及在互联网学习平台上建设在线开放课程。雨课堂教学工具将智能手机转变为学生的学习工具,提高了学生学习的积极性、加强了师生间的互动、实现了教学效果的及时反馈,学生的学习数据有助于教师更客观地评价学习效果和更好地开展个性化教学。其次,在江苏省在线课程中心平台上开展了江苏省在线开放课程"微生物学模块化实验"的建设工作。课程建设需及时更新教学理念,提高教师参与课程建设的积极性;加强在线开放课程建设的岗前培训;课程内容应考虑大学生的学习特点、制作成本和学习成本等因素。在线课程的建设为开展翻转课堂教学和混合式教学提供支撑条件,为"互联网+"背景下的"微生物学实验"教学改革奠定基础。     

生物工艺学课程教学改革的探索与实践

介绍内蒙古工业大学生物工程专业在生物工艺学课程教学改革中引入"课程设计"和"半自助式教学模式",以激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的学习能力与团队合作精神;在实践教学中实施"专业实验"和"专业综合实训",以强化学生动手操作能力和工程实践能力。经过几年的教学实践,生物工艺学教学得到不断改进和完善,并收到了良好的效果。     

高中生物学课程建设的初步尝试

以培养学生的创新精神和实践能力为核心,以开发、整合和利用多种课程资源为重点,构建课堂课程教学、研究性课程教学、选修课课程教学和综合实践活动课教学的功能性学校生物学课程体系模式。以“学会学习”为中心的课堂教学模式,以激励学生自主学习、主动探究和体验的研究性学习,以兴趣培养、特长培养的选修课学习,以旨在对课堂课程、研究性学习课程和选修课课程进一步整合的综合实践活动课,分年级、分内容的多种课程资源并举的实施途径,重在过程、创新性评价的方式,实现新课程标准要求的培养学生创新精神和实践能力的目标。     

“环境污染的生物修复”课程教学改革探索与实践

“环境污染的生物修复(Bioremediation of Environmental Pollution)”是环境科学、环境工程、农业资源与环境等专业的专业选修课,在专业人才培养体系中具有重要地位。针对课程前期教学中存在的问题,任课教师结合高质量人才培养需求,从课程教学目标优化、课程教学内容重构与知识整合、教学方法改革与创新等环节对课程教学进行了改革探索。实践结果表明,改革后的课程教学不仅显著提升了课程教学目标的达成度,还有效提高了学生自主学习能力、思维能力和知识综合运用能力,取得了较好的教学效果。     

“微生物学”一流课程教学改革与实践

“微生物学”课程是酿酒工程、生物工程、生物技术等专业的必修课程,也是一门重要的专业核心课程。基于培养具有科学探究能力的创新型人才的教学目标,我们教学团队深入改革“微生物学”课程,建设一流本科课程。通过贯彻“以学生为中心”和“科研反哺教学”的教学理念,深入挖掘课程育人价值,开展课程思政建设工作,建设慕课(massive open online course, MOOC)平台“微生物学”课程线上教学全套资源,构建“夯实基础-解构问题分析训练-研讨课”的教学模式,改进学生学习模式,改革学习过程评价体系,以及指导学生参加科创竞赛等教学改革实践,全面提高学生的科学探究能力,为社会储备具有科学探究能力的创新型人才,为工科院校建设一流课程提供借鉴。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.