AKT2基因短发夹结构RNA慢病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶2（AKT2）基因RNA干扰（RNAi）慢病毒载体。方法：利用公用网站按照RNAi序列设计原则,设计RNAi靶点序列并合成靶序列的Oligo DNA,退火形成双链DNA,与经MluI和ClaI进行酶切后的PLVTHM载体连接产生shRNA慢病毒载体。应用shRNA慢病毒载体转染293T细胞及U87细胞,测定病毒滴度,流式细胞仪测定U87细胞的转染效率,PCR及Western blot鉴定AKT2基因在U87细胞中的下调作用。结果：成功构建了shRNA-AKT2慢病毒载体,经测序与设计合成的靶向链完全一致。荧光显微镜下观察293T细胞感染效率大于90%,病毒滴度为3.59×107TU/ml;流式细胞仪测定对AKT2细胞的转染效率为86.93%。PCR测定shRNA载体感染U87细胞后AKT2的干扰效率为68%。Western Blot结果显示该慢病毒载体对AKT2的表达有较为显著的敲减作用。结论：成功构建了人胶质瘤细胞株AKT2基因RNAi慢病毒载体,为后续的体内外功能学试验创造了条件。     

小鼠XBP1基因RNA干扰慢病毒载体的构建及筛选

目的:构建小鼠XBP1基因RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)慢病毒载体,筛选具有较好干扰效率的小鼠XBP1 siRNA靶序列.方法:针对小鼠XBP1基因特异性序列,设计4个RNAi靶序列及1个阴性对照序列,合成含有正义和反义Oligo DNA的互补DNA序列,退火形成双链DNA,并克隆到经Age Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ酶切后的pGCL-GFP载体连接产生短发卡RNA(shRNA)慢病毒载体,PCR筛选阳性克隆,DNA测序鉴定.由病毒包装系统进行包装,经滴度测定后感染NIH3T3细胞,应用Real-time PCR鉴定干扰效率.结果:PCR鉴定与DNA测序证实合成的寡核苷酸链插入正确,293T细胞测定病毒滴度为1×108TU/ml.Real-timePCR证实XBP1-siRNA-3靶点的干扰效率最高,其干扰效率达到95%以上.结论:成功构建并筛选了小鼠XBP1基因RNAi慢病毒载体,为研究XBP1在巨噬细胞免疫功能调控中的作用奠定了基础.     

小鼠Smad6基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建与鉴定

构建小鼠Smad6基因RNA干扰（RNAi）慢病毒载体,有效沉默骨髓树突状细胞（BMDC）的Smad6基因表达,为构建骨髓致耐受DC用于哮喘等自身免疫疾病的研究。设计小鼠Smad6 shRNA序列,合成、退火,得到双链DNA,与经酶切后的Psih1-H1-copGFP shRNA Vector载体连接产生LV-shSmad6慢病毒载体,并测序鉴定。转染293TN细胞,包装产生慢病毒,测定滴度。感染小鼠骨髓树突细胞,检测Smad6基因的表达状况成功构建Smad6 shRNA的慢病毒载体LV-shSmad6。包装慢病毒,并显著抑制Smad6 mRNA水平及蛋白水平的表达。成功构建出小鼠Smad6基因shR-NA慢病毒载体,为后期研究Smad6基因在哮喘发病机制及新治疗方法提供了稳定的转染细胞载体。     

慢病毒介导的大鼠肝BRL-3A 细胞Tmub1 基因沉默及稳定感染细胞 系的建立

目的:构建Tmub1基因慢病毒干扰载体,建立稳定转染细胞系,检测大鼠肝BRL-3A细胞中Tmub1基因表达的干扰效果。方法:设计并构建4对针对大鼠Tmub1基因的特异性shRNA干扰质粒,酶切鉴定、DNA测序所得质粒。将由pRSV-Rev、pMDLg-pRRE、pMD2G和pll3.7干扰质粒组成的包装系统共转染293T细胞,产生慢病毒。所得慢病毒感染大鼠正常肝细胞BRL-3A,Western Blot检测不同靶点RNAi后Tmub1蛋白表达情况,确定有效靶点。针对有效靶点大量包装慢病毒。测定病毒滴度并以最适感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI)感染BRL-3A细胞后,G418抗生素筛选稳定感染细胞系BRL-3A/256。RT-PCR和Western Blot检测各组细胞Tmub1 mRNA和蛋白质的表达差异。结果:结果显示Tmub1 RNAi慢病毒载体构建成功,C0020Sh2-Hops-256干扰靶点RNAi效果最强。成功包装Tmub1基因RNAi慢病毒,测定病毒滴度为2.3×108TU/ml,对293T细胞的最适感染复数为60。成功建立Tmub1 RNAi慢病毒载体稳定感染细胞系BRL-3A/256,且在该细胞系中Tmub1 mRNA和蛋白质表达明显降低。结论:成功构建Tmub1 RNAi慢病毒载体,有效干扰BRL-3A细胞中Tmub1 mRNA和蛋白表达;成功筛选出Tmub1RNAi慢病毒稳定感染细胞系BRL-3A/256。     

SGK3基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建及其对乳腺癌MB-474细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

旨在构建SGK3基因RNAi慢病毒表达载体,观察其对人乳腺癌细胞MB-474增殖和凋亡的影响。构建靶向SGK3的shRNA序列慢病毒载体,将其转染至人乳腺癌MB-474细胞以沉默SGK3基因,Real-time PCR、Western bloting方法检测MB-474细胞SGK3 mRNA及蛋白表达,MTT法和流式细胞术检测SGK3基因沉默对MB-474细胞增殖、细胞周期和凋亡的影响。测序结果显示,成功构建4组SGK3基因RNAi慢病毒表达载体,经293T细胞包装,病毒滴度为(3-8)×108 TU/m L;将慢病毒转染MB-474细胞后,Real-time PCR、Western bloting结果显示,干扰组SGK3的表达水平较对照组均降低,且PGC-LV3-SGK3-1序列对其干扰效果最佳,SGK3基因沉默可抑制MB-474细胞增殖、促进凋亡,但其对细胞周期进程无明显影响。成功构建靶向SGK3基因的RNAi慢病毒载体,SGK3基因沉默可影响乳腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡等生物学行为。     

FUT8基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建及对MCF-7细胞增殖的影响

旨在构建FUT8基因RNA干扰(RNAi)慢病毒载体并观察其对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的影响。针对FUT8基因设计3组短发夹RNA序列,退火合成双链DNA,通过连接线性化的p GC-LV-GFP载体,构建mi RNA慢病毒载体质粒,并将其转化至感受态细胞DH5α;测序验证正确后进行FUT8基因慢病毒载体的包装及病毒滴度测定,将获得的重组慢病毒p GC-sh FUT8转染MCF-7细胞,利用Real time-PCR、Western blot分别验证转染后MCF-7细胞中FUT8 m RNA及蛋白的表达,MTT法及克隆形成实验检测sh FUT8对MCF-7细胞增殖能力的影响。测序证实成功构建针对FUT8基因的RNAi慢病毒载体;慢病毒载体经293T细胞包装成功,测定病毒悬液滴度5×108 TU/m L;荧光显微镜下观察各转染组细胞GFP的表达,转染效率达90%以上;Real-time PCR、Western blot结果显示干扰组FUT8的m RNA及蛋白表达水平较对照组显著降低,其中p GC-sh FUT8-2序列对FUT8基因的干扰效率可达80%,干扰效果最佳,FUT8沉默后MCF-7细胞增殖能力下降。     

短发夹RNA慢病毒载体稳定抑制NLRP3表达的HepG2细胞的构建

目的:构建针对NLRP3基因的短发夹RNA(sh RNA)慢病毒表达载体,在Hep G2细胞中鉴定该载体对NLRP3的抑制效果。方法:设计针对NLRP3基因的sh RNA序列,将其插入慢病毒表达载体p WPT-U6-sh RNA-CMV-GFP中,将载体与包装质粒ps PAX2、p MD2.G共转染293T细胞,进行病毒包装;得到的病毒原液浓缩后系列稀释为9个浓度递减的病毒液,分别转染293T细胞后进行滴度测定;用获得的慢病毒液感染人肝癌细胞系Hep G2,获得稳定沉默NLRP3的细胞株;利用实时定量PCR和Western印迹检测稳定细胞株中NLRP3的沉默效应。结果:构建了具有沉默效应的慢病毒干扰载体;稀释法测定干扰病毒滴度为2×108TU/m L;实时定量PCR和Western印迹实验均证实慢病毒转染后,细胞株中NLRP3表达水平明显降低。结论:构建了人NLRP3基因特异性慢病毒干扰载体,获得NLRP3基因稳定干扰的Hep G2细胞株。     

靶向ADAM17基因RNA干扰慢病毒载体的构建及慢病毒包装

目的构建靶向ADAM17基因RNA干扰（RNAi）慢病毒载体及包装慢病毒。方法根据人ADAM17mRNA序列设计4个靶序列,合成4对寡核苷酸序列,同时合成1对阴性对照寡核苷酸序列;将以上5对寡核苷酸序列退火后连入pLVTHM质粒,经酶切和测序鉴定。将重组慢病毒质粒转染至A549细胞,以Real-time PCR检测A549细胞中ADAM17 mRNA表达。将干扰效果最佳的质粒载体和包装质粒共转染至293T细胞,包装产生病毒颗粒。以流式细胞术检测重组慢病毒的滴度。结果酶切和测序证实干扰靶序列已被准确克隆到pLVTHM质粒载体。pLVTHM-ADAM17-siRNA1-4均可显著抑制A549细胞ADAM17 mRNA的表达,其中pLVTHM-ADAM17-siRNA4的抑制效果最佳。LV-ADAM17-siRNA4重组慢病毒的滴度为2.16×108TU/ml。结论成功构建了靶向人ADAM17基因RNAi慢病毒载体及包装了重组慢病毒。     

核磷蛋白NPM1的RNA干扰慢病毒载体的构建及鉴定简

目的：构建高效抑制核磷蛋白NPMl基因的短发夹RNA（shRNA）干扰载体。方法：以人NPM1基因为靶序列,设计并合成shRNA序列,将其连入RNA干扰慢病毒载体p113．7;酶切鉴定插入shRNA序列片段的质粒,经测序正确后转染293T细胞;Western印迹检测得到抑制效果好的载体pll-shRNA,将其-9慢病毒载体共转染293T细胞,进行病毒的包装,将得到的病毒感染HTl080细胞,通过RT-PCR、Western印迹等方法验证其抑制效果。结果：酶切证实构建的载体pll-shRNA中已插入外源基因片段,转染293T细胞后都有抑制效果,其中pll-shRNA2的抑制效果最好;用pll-shRNA2病毒感染HTl080细胞,RT-PCR和Western印迹检测分别在RNA和蛋白质水平证实NPMl的表达显著降低。结论：构建的RNA干扰载体pll-shRNA2能有效抑制NPMl的表达,为NPMl功能的研究提供了有力工具。     

体外RNA干扰下调DEPTOR表达对人多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖和凋亡能力的影响

目的:研究探讨应用RNA干扰技术构建人DEPTOR基因的shRNA慢病毒载体,鉴定在多发性骨髓瘤RPMI-8226细胞上的沉默效果,并评价DEPTOR对人多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖和凋亡能力的影响.方法:设计4个DEPTOR siRNA序列,化学合成后退火形成双链,克隆到酶切的hU6-MCS-CMV-EGFP(GV115)-shRNA慢病毒载体.重组质粒经PCR测序鉴定后,脂质体介导下转染293T细胞,Western blot检测DEPTOR的表达,筛选出干扰效果最佳的GV115-shRNA.将筛选的GV 115-shRNA与慢病毒包装质粒共转染293T细胞生成病毒,收集病毒上清并浓缩,测定浓度.将病毒颗粒感染多发性骨髓瘤RPMI-8226细胞,应用Real-time PCR方法从mRNA水平及Western blot方法从蛋白水平检测DEPTOR的沉默效果.运用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测骨髓瘤细胞增殖能力的变化;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;用Western blot分析cleaved caspase-3和cleaved PARP的变化.结果:构建的慢病毒载体shRNA的PCR鉴定和测序正确,成功筛选出最有效抑制DEPTOR表达的shRNA2序列,包装病毒后滴度达到1×109TU/ml.慢病毒感染RPMI-8226细胞后可表达EGFP,Real-time PCR和Western blot检测DEPTOR的表达明显下降.下调DEPTOR基因可显著减慢骨髓瘤细胞的生长速度(P＜0.05),肿瘤细胞的凋亡率上升(P＜0.01).DEPTOR shRNA上调cleaved caspase-3、cleaved PARP和Bax表达,下调Bcl-2及PI3K/Akt信号通路的表达(P＜0.01).结论:成功构建了DEPTOR shRNA重组慢病毒载体,其转染多发性骨髓瘤RPMI-8226细胞后显著抑制了DEPTOR的表达.DEPTOR shRNA可以有效地诱导骨髓瘤细胞的凋亡,并抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖.PI3K/Akt信号通路可能参与了其凋亡过程.     

针对miR-221 基因干扰慢病毒载体的构建及其有效靶序列的 筛选与检测

目的:构建携带人miR-221基因的miRNA干扰慢病毒载体并寻找其有效靶序列,为胶质瘤的研究提供一种新的方法。方法:合成含干扰序列的双链DNAoligo直接连入酶切后的RNA干扰载体上。将产物转入细菌感受态细胞,对长出的克隆进行PCR鉴定,阳性克隆即为目的基因RNA干扰慢病毒载体质粒。再将目的基因与目的载体分别进行双酶切,纯化酶切产物后进行定向连接,其产物转入细菌感受态细胞,再对PCR鉴定阳性的克隆进行测序和分析比对,比对正确即为融合蛋白过表达质粒载体,然后将两种质粒共转染入293T细胞,用westernbolt法检测其有效敲减靶序列。结果:重组质粒经测序鉴定证明各转录模板完整、正确插入到相应质粒中,共转染后发现编号为PscSI576的靶点干扰效果最好。结论:本实验成功构建了人miR-221基因的RNA干扰慢病毒载体,并找到了有效的干扰靶序列。     

Lentiviral vectors that carry anti-HIV shRNAs: problems and solutions

BACKGROUND: HIV-1 replication can be inhibited with RNA interference (RNAi) by expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) from a lentiviral vector. Because lentiviral vectors are based on HIV-1, viral sequences in the vector system are potential targets for the antiviral shRNAs. Here, we investigated all possible routes by which shRNAs can target the lentiviral vector system. METHODS: Expression cassettes for validated shRNAs with targets within HIV-1 Leader, Gag-Pol, Tat/Rev and Nef sequences were inserted in the lentiviral vector genome. Third-generation self-inactivating HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors were produced and lentiviral vector capsid production and transduction titer determined. RESULTS: RNAi against HIV-1 sequences within the vector backbone results in a reduced transduction titer while capsid production was unaffected. The notable exception is self-targeting of the shRNA encoding sequence, which does not affect transduction titer. This is due to folding of the stable shRNA hairpin structure, which masks the target for the RNAi machinery. Targeting of Gag-Pol mRNA reduces both capsid production and transduction titer, which was improved with a human codon-optimized Gag-Pol construct. When Rev mRNA was targeted, no reduction in capsid production and transduction titer was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Lentiviral vector titers can be negatively affected when shRNAs against the vector backbone and the Gag-Pol mRNA are expressed during lentiviral vector production. Titer reductions due to targeting of the Gag-Pol mRNA can be avoided with a human codon-optimized Gag-Pol packaging plasmid. The remaining targets in the vector backbone may be modified by point mutations to resist RNAi-mediated degradation during vector production.     

Titers of lentiviral vectors encoding shRNAs and miRNAs are reduced by different mechanisms that require distinct repair strategies

RNAi-based gene therapy is a powerful approach to treat viral infections because of its high efficiency and sequence specificity. The HIV-1-based lentiviral vector system is suitable for the delivery of RNAi inducers to HIV-1 susceptible cells due to its ability to transduce nondividing cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, and its ability for stable transgene delivery into the host cell genome. However, the presence of anti-HIV short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) cassettes can negatively affect the lentiviral vector titers. We show that shRNAs, which target the vector genomic RNA, strongly reduced lentiviral vector titers but inhibition of the RNAi pathway via saturation could rescue vector production. The presence of miRNAs in the vector RNA genome (sense orientation) results in a minor titer reduction due to Drosha processing. A major cause for titer reduction of miRNA vectors is due to incompatibility of the cytomegalovirus promoter with the lentiviral vector system. Replacement of this promoter with an inducible promoter resulted in an almost complete restoration of the vector titer. We also showed that antisense poly(A) signal sequences can have a dramatic effect on the vector titer. These results show that not all sequences are compatible with the lentiviral vector system and that care should be taken in the design of lentiviral vectors encoding RNAi inducers.     

针对miR-221基因干扰慢病毒载体的构建及其有效靶序列的筛选与检测

目的：构建携带人miR-221基因的miRNA干扰慢病毒载体并寻找其有效靶序列,为胶质瘤的研究提供一种新的方法。方法：合成含干扰序列的双链DNAoligo直接连入酶切后的RNA干扰载体上。将产物转入细菌感受态细胞,对长出的克隆进行PCR鉴定,阳性克隆即为目的基因RNA干扰慢病毒载体质粒。再将目的基因与目的载体分别进行双酶切,纯化酶切产物后进行定向连接,其产物转入细菌感受态细胞,再对PCR鉴定阳性的克隆进行测序和分析比对,比对正确即为融合蛋白过表达质粒载体,然后将两种质粒共转染入293T细胞,用westernbolt法检测其有效敲减靶序列。结果：重组质粒经测序鉴定证明各转录模板完整、正确插入到相应质粒中,共转染后发现编号为PscSI576的靶点干扰效果最好。结论：本实验成功构建了人miR-221基因的RNA干扰慢病毒载体,并找到了有效的干扰靶序列。     

Screening of siRNA target sequences by using fragmentized DNA

BACKGROUND: RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful tool in silencing target genes in various organisms. In mammals, RNAi can be induced by using short interfering RNA (siRNA). The efficacy of inducing RNAi in mammalian cells by using siRNA depends very much on the selection of the target sequences. METHODS: We developed an siRNA target sequence selection system by first constructing parallel-type siRNA expression vector libraries carrying siRNA expression fragments originating from fragmentized target genes, and then using a group selection system. For a model system, we constructed parallel-type siRNA expression vector libraries against DsRed and GFP reporter genes. RESULTS: We carried out the first screening of groups containing more than 100 random siRNA expression plasmids in total for each target gene, and successfully obtained target sequences with very strong efficacy. Furthermore, we also obtained some clones that express dsRNAs of various lengths that might induce cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: This system should allow us to perform screening for powerful target sequences, by including all possible target sequences for any gene, even without knowing the whole sequence of the target gene in advance. At the same time, target sequences that should be avoided due to cytotoxicity can be identified.     

CX3CL1 RNA干扰慢病毒载体的构建包装与鉴定

摘要 目的：构建包装趋化因子CX3C的配体1（CX3CL1）RNA干扰慢病毒载体。方法：参考目的基因CX3CL1序列,设计PCR引物扩增相应的干扰序列,然后将干扰序列连接至pLVX-shRNA2酶切后的线性化载体上,通过酶切及测序鉴定获得阳性克隆,即为构建成功的pLVX-shRNA2-CX3CL1慢病毒干扰载体。将构建好的慢病毒干扰载体同慢病毒包装载体共同转染293T细胞,收集上清,纯化浓缩后即为pLVX-shRNA2-CX3CL1慢病毒。最后将慢病毒感染BMSCs细胞,QPCR检测慢病毒的干扰效率。结果：经过酶切能切出大小约为6500bp和1350bp的两条带,获得与预期结果相一致的DNA片段,并通过测序验证了序列的准确性,成功构建CX3CL1 RNA慢病毒干扰载体。然后经过包装、纯化浓缩后得到pLVX-shRNA2-CX3CL1慢病毒。QPCR结果表明干扰组明显抑制了CX3CL1mRNA的表达,干扰效率在70%以上。结论：成功构建包装CX3CL1干扰慢病毒载体,并证实其显著沉默了BMSCs细胞CX3CL1的表达,为CX3CL1在BMSCs移植的大鼠缺血性脑卒中炎症反应的机制研究奠定基础。     

N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶干扰慢病毒载体系统的建立及应用

目的构建针对N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶（GnT）Ⅲ、Ⅳa和Ⅴ的RNA干扰（RNAi）慢病毒系统,并检测干扰慢病毒在体外小鼠肝癌细胞中对不同GnT表达的抑制作用。方法针对三种基因序列设计合成特异的shRNA序列,并构建干扰慢病毒表达载体,利用病毒包装细胞293T包装生产病毒,感染靶细胞Hca-F后,应用RT-PCR和免疫印迹检测干扰慢病毒对三种N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶表达的抑制。结果经测序证实三种干扰慢病毒表达载体构建成功,并获得高滴度的感染慢病毒。干扰慢病毒感染靶细胞后能够有效下调三种N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶的表达。结论干扰慢病毒可有效地抑制三种N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶GnT-Ⅲ、GnT-Ⅳa和GnT-Ⅴ的表达。