杆状病毒基因Ac108的克隆和原核表达

目的:克隆和表达苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Autographa califorica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,AcMNPV)开放阅读框108(open reading frame,ORF108,Ac108)基因,为进一步研究其功能打下基础.方法:将Ac108基因克隆至原核表达载体pQE30,在大肠杆菌M15中表达AC108蛋白.以纯化的AC108蛋白作为抗原,免疫新西兰大白兔制备蛋白的多克隆抗体.用该抗体检测了该蛋白在病毒感染细胞中的表达.结果:实现了AC108蛋白的表达,获得了AC108蛋白的多克隆抗体,Western blot检测发现在AcMNPV感染的Sf-9细胞中有一条大小约为27kDa的杂交带,远大于预期的11kDa.结论:AC108蛋白可能以同源或异源聚合物形式在电场中迁移.     

跨膜逆向转运蛋白NHXFS1多克隆抗体的制备及应用

NHXFS1基因是通过DNA家族改组（DNA family shuffling）技术,以拟南芥、水稻和菊花的液泡膜Na＋/H＋逆向转运蛋白基因（NHX1）为亲本获得的活性显著增强的新基因。为制备该蛋白的多克隆抗体,对该蛋白进行跨膜结构分析,选取跨膜蛋白的C末端为靶标,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pET32a中,成功构建了原核融合蛋白pET32a-NHXFS1-抗原表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）并诱导表达。通过镍柱亲和层析纯化该融合表达蛋白,获得了纯度约为80%的纯化蛋白,用于免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体。ELISA实验表明,该抗体的效价达到1：128 000,提取表达NHXFS1蛋白的酵母液泡经该多克隆抗体Western blot检测,证明该抗体具有较好的NHXFS1蛋白特异性。NHXFS1多克隆抗体的制备为进一步认识NHXFS1新蛋白结构与功能以及植物耐盐分子生物学的研究奠定了基础。     

杆状病毒Ac60基因的原核表达与亚细胞定位研究

用PCR方法从AcMNPV基因组中扩增到ORF60基因,插入原核表达载体pET-28a(+),构建pETAc60质粒,再将该质粒转化大肠埃希菌BL21,在IPTG诱导下表达了分子量约为16 ku的融合蛋白.用纯化的表达产物免疫新西兰大白兔制备了多克隆抗体,应用该抗体检测了AcMNPV感染的昆虫宿主细胞(Si9)中ORF60基因的表达,结果显示:在感染后的细胞中有2条分子量分别约为33 ku和17 ku蛋白质带能与所制备的抗体发生特异性反应.间接免疫荧光分析发现:在病毒感染的晚期,Ac60蛋白同时存在于所感染宿主的细胞核和细胞质中.     

人PD1胞外须基因的克隆、蛋白表达及抗体制备

目的：研究人PD1的生物学活性,制备人PD1胞外段区域及其特异性抗体。方法：用PCR方法扩增编码人PD1胞外段的基因序列（hPD1ecr）,将其克隆到原核表达载体pET28a（＋）中,并转化至大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达,表达蛋白用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定。纯化目的蛋白免疫日本大耳白兔,制备多克隆抗体。通过酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）,流式细胞术检测抗体滴度及其特异性。结果：原核表达载体pET28a（＋）-PD1ecr成功构建,并可在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达,得到的PD1胞外区蛋白经SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定正确。用纯化蛋白免疫日本大耳白兔,制备的多克隆抗体具有较强免疫特异性。结论：得到纯化的人PD1胞外蛋白,制备的多克隆抗体能够检测自然状态下人PD1蛋白,为进一步研究PD1功能奠定了实验基础。     

登革2型病毒非结构蛋白NS4B的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

目的：原核表达、纯化登革2型病毒非结构蛋白NS4B,并制备其多克隆抗体,以研究其结构与功能。方法：扩增编码登革2型病毒NS4B的24-238位氨基酸残基的基因序列,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导表达;采用蛋白浸提方法从SDS-PAGE胶中回收融合蛋白;用纯化后的融合蛋白免疫BALB／c鼠制备多克隆抗体,采用间接免疫荧光法检测抗体效价。结果：原核表达了NS4B-GST融合蛋白,并获得了其多克隆抗体,抗体效价为1：800。结论：登革2型病毒NS4B的24-238位氨基酸残基可诱导小鼠产生具有较高效价和特异性的多克隆抗体,这为研究NS4B的结构与功能奠定了基础。     

杆状病毒AcMNPV vp39基因的克隆、表达与抗体制备

目的:构建苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Autographa californica nucleopolyhedro virus,AcMNPV)VP39的原核表达载体,表达、纯化蛋白并制备多克隆抗体。方法:用PCR方法扩增vp39基因,并将其克隆至pET-21a( )上,转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,采用割胶回收的方法纯化融合蛋白,纯化的融合蛋白作为抗原,免疫新西兰大白兔,Western blot检测抗体活性。结果:构建了pET-VP39原核表达质粒,含有该质粒的大肠杆菌经IPTG诱导超量表达了一个与预期理论值相符的约为40kDa的融合蛋白。对制备的抗体进行免疫印迹分析表明该抗血清能与感染苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的细胞蛋白样品发生特异性反应。结论:获得了兔抗AcMNPV-VP39多克隆抗体,为进一步深入研究VP39在病毒侵染过程中与宿主因子的相互作用提供了检测工具。     

酸弗林蛋白酶酸性氨基酸簇分选蛋白-1的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

目的：原核表达和纯化PACS-1,并制备其多克隆抗体。方法：通过RT-PCR扩增出PACS-1的编码基因,测序正确后克隆入原核表达载体pGEX4T-1,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,以IPTG诱导PACS-1与GST融合蛋白的表达并经Glutathione Sepharose 4B纯化;经SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定,应用纯化的蛋白免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,用ELISA测定抗体的效价。结果：表达和纯化了PACS-1,并获得了较高效价的抗血清。结论：获得纯化的PACS-1及其多克隆抗体,为进一步研究PACS-1的功能奠定了基础。     

DNA损伤检查点蛋白调节子1片段的表达纯化及抗体制备

目的：原核表达、纯化DNA损伤检查点蛋白调节子1（MDC1）片段,并制备其多克隆抗体。方法：设计特异引物,通过RT-PCR扩增编码MDC1 N端194个氨基酸残基的基因片段,测序正确后插入含GST基因的原核表达载体pGEX-KG中,以IPTG诱导表达,并经谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠纯化融合蛋白;用纯化的蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体,用ELISA测定抗体的效价,Western印迹鉴定抗体的特异性。结果：原核表达并纯化了MDC1 N端片段,并获得了抗MDC1的多克隆抗体,抗体效价达到1∶12800,Western印迹显示该抗血清能特异识别原核及真核细胞表达的MDC1。结论：MDC1 N端片段能够诱导小鼠产生具有较高效价和特异性的多克隆抗体,为进一步研究MDC1在Fhit特异信号通路中的作用奠定了基础。     

人源核受体hLRH-1 的表达纯化及多克隆抗体制备

目的：制备抗人源核受体hLRH-1 的多克隆抗体,为进一步研究其功能奠定基础。方法：构建含有hLRH-1基因全长克隆的 原核表达载体pET507a-hLRH-1 并用IPTG 诱导其在Rosseta2 菌株中表达重组蛋白His-hLRH-1,经亲和层析纯化后按常规方法 免疫新西兰兔制备多克隆抗体,并用Western Blot 对其特异性进行鉴定。结果：原核表达载体pET507a-hLRH-1经测序证实构建 成功,将其转化大肠杆菌Rosseta2菌株后成功诱导表达重组蛋白His-hLRH-1,经纯化免疫新西兰兔后得到抗hLRH-1 多克隆抗 体,Western blot 证实抗体具有高度特异性。结论：成功表达His-hLRH-1 重组蛋白并制备出多克隆抗体,为进一步用于hLRH-1 的 免疫学检测及其功能研究奠定了基础。     

小鼠mP24基因的原核表达及多抗制备

目的：本研究是为后续实验中深入研究小鼠mP24基因的功能及活性提供mP24多克隆抗体。方法：mP24是小鼠中新发现的新基因,通过构建了pET-28a（＋）/mP24原核表达质粒,转化入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中,IPTG诱导宿主细菌表达融合蛋白。经过SDS-PAGE分析,结果表明该蛋白能以可溶性蛋白形式存在。利用镍柱纯化融合蛋白,免疫新西兰兔,制备mP24多抗。结果：Western Blot结果显示,制备的抗小鼠mP24多克隆抗体具有较高的特异性。ELISA实验检测,该多抗对免疫抗原的效价高达1：9000,具有较高的效价。结论：本实验成功制备了mP24的多克隆抗体,为进一步开展mP24基因功能的研究奠定了基础。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治

颧骨颧弓骨折是最常见的面中部骨折之一,迄今为止,在其分类及诊治的选择上仍然存在一定争议,本文对目前颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治的现状和进展作一综述,以期对临床工作提供参考。