漆酶在磁性壳聚糖微球上的固定及其酶学性质研究

以磁性壳聚糖微球为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,共价结合制备固定化漆酶。探讨了漆酶固定化的影响因素,并对固定化漆酶的性质进行了研究。确定漆酶固定化适宜条件为：50 mg磁性壳聚糖微球,加入10mL 0.8mg/mL 漆酶磷酸盐缓冲液（0.1mol/L,pH 7.0）,在4℃固定2h。固定化酶最适pH为3.0, 最适温度分别为10℃和55℃,均比游离酶降低5℃。在pH 3.0,温度37℃时,固定化酶对ABTS的表观米氏常数为171.1μmol/L。与游离酶相比,该固定化漆酶热稳定性明显提高,并具有良好的操作和存储稳定性。     

以伴刀豆球蛋白为介质定向固定化脲酶的研究

将戊二醛将伴刀豆球蛋白(ConA)和壳聚糖载体交联, 然后利用ConA与脲酶糖链的特异性结合作用, 实现脲酶的定向固定化。定向固定化的最适条件为戊二醛浓度3.5%、ConA浓度1 mg/mL、ConA溶液pH值7.0、脲酶浓度 0.4 mg/mL。定向固定化脲酶的最适pH 5.0~6.0、最适温度77°C、米氏常数Km11.76 mmol/L, 与游离酶及非定向固定化脲酶比较, 定向固定化脲酶的最适pH向酸性范围发生了偏移并有更宽的pH适用范围, 最适温度提高, 与底物的亲和力较大, 且有较好的操作稳定性。     

以伴刀豆球蛋白为介质定向固定化脲酶的研究

将戊二醛将伴刀豆球蛋白(ConA)和壳聚糖载体交联,然后利用ConA与脲酶糖链的特异性结合作用,实现脲酶的定向固定化.定向固定化的最适条件为戊二醛浓度3.5%、ConA浓度1mg/mL、ConA溶液pH值7.0、脲酶浓度0.4mg/mL.定向固定化脲酶的最适pH 5.0～6.0、最适温度77℃,米氏常数Km11.76mmol/L,与游离酶及非定向固定化脲酶比较,定向固定化脲酶的最适pH向酸性范围发生了偏移并有更宽的pH适用范围,最适温度提高,与底物的亲和力较大,且有较好的操作稳定性.     

不同载体固定化胰蛋白酶酶学特性的研究

目的:研究以壳聚糖、复合硅胶、阴离子交换树脂为载体固定化胰蛋白酶的酶学特性。方法:通过测定不同载体固定化胰蛋白酶的活力得其最适反应温度值、最适反应pH值和米氏常数(Km)值。结果:以壳聚糖、复合硅胶、阴离子交换树脂为载体制备固定化胰蛋白酶的最适反应温度分别为70℃、60℃、60℃;最适反应pH值分别为7.5、8.0、8.0;表观米氏常数K’m分别为22.72mg/ml、25.12mg/ml、29.04mg/ml。结论:与游离酶相比,固定化胰蛋白酶均表现出一定的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性,利于工业化生产。     

壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

以壳聚糖为载体,成二醛为交联剂将木瓜蛋白酶固定化。5％戊二醛在4-6℃下处理载体5h,加酶液(3.5mg/mL蛋白,pH7.2)固定12h,活力回收达32％,作用于酪蛋白的半衰期为36天,其表观K_m(酪蛋白)值为0.075％(W/V),溶液酶的K_m值为0.086％;最适pH7.0～7.5,溶液酶为7.0～8.5。固定化酶在pH8.5以下,溶液酶在9.0以下活力稳定。固定化酶在45℃以下,溶液酶在75℃以下稳定。用6mol/L脲洗脱固定化酶4次(5.5h)活力仍有54.5％。用固定化酶处理啤酒浊度比对照下降了1.5-3.7倍,蛋白质含量下降了44％,冷藏(4℃)120天无冷混浊现象发生并保持了啤酒原有风味和理化性状。     

链霉菌Strz-6木聚糖酶的纯化和固定化研究

链霉菌胞外木聚糖酶经过盐析、离子交换和分子筛层析纯化,粗酶液被纯化了32.5倍,比活力达498u/mg,活力回收46.6%。纯化后的酶固定在戊二醛交联的壳聚糖上,酶活回收率为42.8%。固定化酶的最适pH为6.0,最适温度为60℃,且固定化酶在65~75℃活力都较高。该酶的耐热性比较强,固定化酶热稳定性优于原酶;以木聚糖为底物,固定化酶的表观米氏常数为0.93×10-2g/L。     

壳聚糖固定化半纤维素酶的研究

从青霉菌m8提取出半纤维素酶,将其固定在用戊二醛交联的壳聚糖载体上.0.5 g壳聚糖与4%的戊二醛结合固定2.5 mg蛋白质,酶活回收率为45.6%. 原酶的最适pH为4.6,固定化酶为pH 3.6.原酶的最适温度为55℃,固定化酶在60～75℃都具有较高活性.固定化酶的耐热性优于原酶. 以半纤维素为底物,固定化酶的表观K_m值略低于原酶,前者为5.0×10^－2 g/L,后者为3.58×10^－2 g/L.     

壳聚糖固定化木聚糖酶的研究

从青霉菌m8提取出木聚糖酶,将其固定在用戊二醛交联的壳聚糖载体上。1．0g壳聚糖与4％的二醛结合固定3．5mg蛋白,酶活回收率为46．6％。在酶的最适pH为4．6,固定化酶为pH3．8。原酶的最适温度为55℃,固定化酶在60－75℃都具有较高活性。固定化酶的耐热性优于原酶,固定化酶的表现Km值略低于原酶,前者为5．0×10－2g／L,后者为3．58×10－2g／L。     

蒜氨酸酶的固定化及其酶学性质研究

为了提高蒜氨酸酶的稳定性并实现酶的反复利用,研究了影响蒜氨酸酶固定化的因素及固定化蒜氨酸酶的酶学性质。蒜氨酸酶的固定化以壳聚糖微球为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,固定化的最适条件为：戊二醛浓度4%,给酶量20.2U,交联时间2h。固定化蒜氨酸酶的最适pH值7.0,最适温度35℃,米氏常数Km 7.9 mmol/L,操作稳定性比较好,连续使用10次后酶活力损失低于10%。     

固定化酵母酿造啤酒

用固定在藻朊酸钙凝胶珠中的葡萄汁酵母连续酿造啤酒。当把含有8.5mg/L溶解氧的短期发酵的麦芽汁以120ml/小时的流量用泵打进装填了固定化酵母珠(总柱体积的54％)的2.5L柱反应器的底部,共形成2.25mg/L的二乙酰。但是,当麦芽汁含有0.04mg/L的溶解氧时,总共仅形成0.05mg/L的二乙酰。基于这些结果,发展了一个结合固定化酵母反应器的新发酵体系用于快速生产含低二乙酰前体的优质啤酒。     

金属螯合载体定向固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

以磁性金属螯合琼脂糖微球为载体,利用金属螯合配体（IDACu²⁺）与蛋白质表面供电子氨基酸相互作用的原理,定向固定了木瓜蛋白酶。固定化最适条件为Cu²⁺1.5×10^-2mol/g载体、固定化时间4h、固定化pH7.0、给酶量30mg/g载体。固定化酶的最适反应温度70℃、最适反应pH8.0,固定化酶的热稳定性明显高于溶液酶,固定化酶活力回收为68.4％,且有较好的操作稳定性,载体重复使用5次后固定化酶酶活为首次固定化酶79.71%。     

高分子膜载体固定化木瓜蛋白酶

在浸润条件下,以0.5%(v/v)戊二醛交联的高分子膜尼龙载体固定化木瓜蛋白酶。对固定化条件进行了优化,比较了固定化酶与游离酶的酶学参数。结果表明,4℃、pH6.0条件下,将膜载体浸润于2mg/mL酶液中5h,固定化酶活为303.4U/g。固定化酶最适反应pH为6.0～7.0,最适反应温度为65℃。其pH稳定性、热稳定性均比游离酶高。     

Immobilization of Papain on the Mesoporous Molecular Sieve MCM‐48

The immobilization of papain on the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM‐48 (with a pore size of 6.2 nm in diameter) with the aid of glutaraldehyde, and the characteristics of this immobilized papain are described. The optimum conditions for immobilization were as follows: 20 mg native free enzyme/g of the MCM‐48 and 0.75 % glutaraldehyde, 2 h at 10–20 °C and pH 7.0. Under these optimum conditions for immobilization, the activity yield [%] of the immobilized enzyme was around 70 %. The influence of the pH on the activity of the immobilized enzyme was much lower compared to the free enzyme. The thermostability of the immobilized enzyme, whose half‐life was more than 2500 min, was greatly improved and was found to be significantly higher than that of the free enzyme (about 80 min). The immobilized enzyme also showed good operational stability, and the activity of the immobilized enzyme continued to maintain 76.5 % of the initial activity even after a 12‐day continuous operation. Moreover, the immobilized enzyme still exhibited good storage stability. From these results, papain immobilized on the MCM‐48 with the aid of glutaraldehyde, can be used as a high‐performance biocatalyst in biotechnological processing, in particular in industrial and medical applications.     

烟草多酚氧化酶的分离与固定化技术研究

多酚氧化酶属于氧化还原酶类,国际酶学委员会推荐名为儿茶酚氧化酶（ＥＣ１．１０．３．１ｐｏｌｙｐｈｅｎｏｌｏｘｉｄａｓｅ,ＰＰＯ）．该酶与食品工业、三废处理、医药卫生关系较为密切,因而研究较多．如近年来鸭梨［１］、蘑菇［２］、香蕉果肉组织［３］、荔枝果皮［４］等等中的多酚氧化酶均有研究报道．目前研究用固定化多酚氧化酶检测废水中酚类物质含量,进行环境检测;及其从工业废水中除去酚类,达到治理三废的目的．Ｍｏｓｂａｃｎ［５］（１９７６）研制成多酚氧化酶固定化酶柱,与氧电极检测器组合联用,可检测水中２０…     

Cysteine enhances activity and stability of immobilized papain

Immobilization of papain on Sepharose 6B in the presence of different concentrations of cysteine affected the enzyme activity depending on cysteine concentration. The maximum specific activity was observed when papain was immobilized with 200 mM cysteine. The immobilization process brought significant enhancement of stability to temperature and extreme pH values with respect to free papain. After immobilization, the optimum temperature of papain activity increased by 20°C (from 60 to 80°C) and its optimum pH activity shifted from 6.5 to 8.0. Catalytic efficiency (k_cat/K_m) and specific activity of the immobilized enzyme do not significantly change after immobilization. The temperature profile of this form of immobilized papain showed a broad range of activity compared with both free and immobilized form of papain in the absence of cysteine. This significant behavior in terms of activation energy is also discussed.     

Optimization of adsorption conditions of papain on dye affinity membrane using response surface methodology

The adsorption of papain on Reactive Blue 4 dye–ligand affinity membrane was investigated in a batch system. The combined effects of operating parameters such as initial pH, temperature, and initial papain concentration on the adsorption were analyzed using response surface methodology. The optimum adsorption conditions were determined as initial pH 7.05, temperature 39 °C, and initial papain concentration 11.0 mg/ml. At optimum conditions, the adsorption capacity of dye–ligand affinity membrane for papain was found to be 27.85 mg/g after 120 min adsorption. The papain was purified 34.6-fold in a single step determined by fast protein liquid chromatography. More than 85% of the adsorbed papain was desorbed using 1.0 M NaCl at pH 9.0 as the elution agent. The purification process showed that the dye–ligand immobilized composite membrane gave good separation of papain from aqueous solution.     

Preparation and properties of immobilized papain and lipase.

Papain and lipase were immobilized on derivatized Sepharose 4-B. The activated agarose had a binding capacity of 1.2 micronmol amino groups/ml packed agarose or 17 mg proteins/g dry agarose. The immobilized enzyme preparations were tested for the effects of pH of assay, temperature of assay, and substrate concentrations. The effect of 6M urea on the activity of papain was also determined. Soluble forms of the enzymes were used for comparison. Immobilization of the enzymes resulted in slightly different pH and temperature optima for activities. For immobilized papain Km(app) was similar to the one observed with soluble papain. Immobilization of lipase, however, cause a decrease in Km values. The immobilized enzyme preparations were stable when stored at 4 degrees C and pH 7.5 for periods up to eight months. The soluble enzymes lost their activity within 96 hr under similar storage conditions. Immobilized papain did not lose any activity after treatment with 6M urea for 270 min, whereas soluble papain lost 81% of its activity after the urea treatment, indicating that the immobilization of papain imparted structural and conformational stability to this enzyme.     

Immobilization and stabilization of papain on poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-ethylenglycol dimethacrylate) beads grafted with epoxy functional polymer chains via surface-initiated-atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP)

Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate–ethylen glycol dimethacrylate), p(HEMA–EGDMA), beads were prepared by suspension polymerization, and were decorated with fibrous poly(glycidyl methacrylate), p(GMA), via surface initiated-atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The functional epoxy groups of the beads were used for covalent immobilization of papain. The average amount of immobilized enzyme was 18.7 mg/g beads. The immobilized enzyme was characterized by temperature, pH, operational and storage stability experiments. The maximum velocity of the free and immobilized enzymes (V_max) and Michaelis–Menten constant (K_m) values were determined as 10.7 and 8.3 U/mg proteins and 274 and 465 μM, respectively. The immobilized papain was operated in a batch reactor, and it was very effective for hydrolysis of different proteins (i.e., casein and cytochrom c).     

游离及固定化果糖基转移酶部分酶学性质的比较研究

 从诱变、筛选的米曲霉GX0 0 10菌株所产生的果糖基转移酶 ,经过纯化和固定化操作分别制备游离酶和固定化酶 ,对两者的酶学性质进行了比较研究 .结果表明 ,两者在蔗糖转化为蔗果低聚糖的酶促反应中 ,最适pH为 5 5,在pH5 0～ 7 5之间酶活性相对稳定 .游离酶和固定化酶的适宜温度范围分别是 4 5～ 52℃和 4 0～ 55℃ .在 55℃保温 60min ,酶活性保存率分别是 61 6%和 87 5% .固定化酶的热稳定性提高 .0 1mmol LHg2 +和 1mmol LAg+能完全抑制游离酶的活性 ,但只能部分抑制固定化酶的活性 ,1mmol L的Ti2 +能完全抑制两者的活性 .以蔗糖为底物时 ,游离酶的米氏常数Km=2 15mmol L ,而固定化酶Km =386mmol L .游离酶只能使用一次 ,固定化酶反复使用 54次后 ,剩余活力为 55 2 % .用 55% (W V)蔗糖溶液与固定化酶在pH5 0 ,4 6℃下作用 12h ,可获得61 5% (总低聚糖 总糖 )产物 ,其中蔗果五糖含量达到 7 2 % .