排风藤中皂苷类化学成分研究

从茄属植物排风藤的全草中分离得到了4个皂苷类化合物,经鉴定分别为:25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1),5α,25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(2),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4).化合物1-4均为首次从排风藤中分离得到.     

玫瑰红景天化学成分研究

采用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶柱、ADS-5C反相柱和制备HPLC色谱技术对新疆产玫瑰红景天根茎中的植物化学成分进行提取分离和纯化研究,从中分离得到15个化合物。通过理化方法及1H、13C NMR等方法鉴定为:对-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖基-苯-2-丁酮(1)、6’-O-没食子酰-红景天苷(2)、对-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖基-苯丙烯酸(3)、7-甲氧基香豆素(4)、表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯(5)、苯乙基-6-O-β-葡萄糖苷(6)、对羟基苯甲酸(7)、红景天苷(8)、肉桂醇-6’-O-α-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-O-β-吡喃葡萄弹苷(9)、肉桂醇-6’-O-α-吡喃木糖-O-β-吡喃葡萄弹苷(10)、肉桂醇-6’-O-α-呋喃阿拉伯糖基-O-β-吡喃葡萄弹苷(11)、肉桂醇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄弹苷(12)、对-羟基-苯乙醇(13)、3,7-二甲基-2,6-二烯-1,4-二辛醇(14)、3,7-二甲基-2,6-二烯-1,4-二辛醇-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15)。其中化合物1～4为首次在玫瑰红景天发现。     

小花草玉梅化学成分研究

目的:研究银莲花属植物小花草玉梅的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱,反相柱色谱并结合制备高效液相色谱等技术分离纯化单体化合物,并根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定结构。结果:分离并鉴定了4个化合物,分别是常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(1)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-齐墩果酸皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(2)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(3)和3-O-β-D-吡喃核糖-(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(4)。结论:化合物1为首次从银莲花属植物中分离得到,2-4为首次从小花草玉梅中分离得到。     

油菜蜂花粉中皂苷化学成分的研究

油菜蜂花粉煮沸灭酶,减压蒸干,用80%乙醇提取,经AB-8大孔树脂、MCI柱和ODS反相柱层析柱分离,得到4个皂苷类化合物,通过理化方法、1H NMR、13C NMR等手段鉴定他们的化学结构,分别为:3,22-二羟基,3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-齐墩果烷(1)、3,22-二羟基,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-[-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)]-齐墩果烷(2)、3,22-二羟基,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-[-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)]-齐墩果酸(3)和3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-谷甾醇苷(4)。其中,皂苷1～3在油菜蜂花粉中首次报导。     

牛心朴子中三个新C21甾体配糖体

从宁夏产植物牛心朴子（Cymmehumkomarovii Al．IIjinski）须根的乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了4个C21甾体配糖体：白前苷元C 3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α-L-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-（1→4）-β—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（1）,白前苷元A 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（2）,白前苷元C3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（3）,白前苷元A3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（4）,分别命名为komarosideI（1）,komarosideJ（2）,komarosideK（3）,komarosideL（4）,除化合物1外,其余化合物均为新化合物。     

重楼排草的化学成分研究

从报春花科植物重楼排草（L.Paridiformis Frach）的全株中分离得到了7个化合物。应用各种理化方法及光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。分别鉴定为：希克拉敏A-3-O-｜β-D-吡喃木糖基．（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→2）]｜}-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（1）、3β-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）]。[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→2）]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-16α-羟基-13β,28-环氧-齐墩果烷（2）、异鼠李素-3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→）β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷]（3）、槲皮素-3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷]（4）、β-香树素（5）、β-香树素乙酸酯（6）、三十二烷醇（7）。其中1、2、3、4均为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

枸骨的化学成分

从枸骨(Ilex cornuta Lindl,ex paxt.)中分离得到20个化合物,鉴定了16个,分别为：枸骨甙1(Gougusidel,V)即坡摸酸3-β-O-O-L吡喃阿拉伯糖甙;枸骨甙2(Gouguside 2,Ⅵ)即3-β-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖基坡摸酸-β-28-O-D吡喃葡萄糖酯;枸骨甙3(Gouguside 3,Ⅶ)即3-β-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-α-L吡喃葡萄糖基坡摸酸-β-28-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯的类似物;枸骨甙4(Gouguside 5,ⅩⅦ)即3-β-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-α-L-吡喃葡萄糖基坡摸酸-β-28-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯;枸骨甙5(Gouguside 5,ⅩⅧ)即坡摸酸3-β-O-α-L-2’-乙酰氧基吡喃阿拉伯糖基-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯,枸骨甙6(Gouguside 6,ⅩⅪ)即3-β-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-α-L-4-乙酰氧基吡喃阿拉伯糖基坡摸酸-β-28-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯;枸骨甙7(Gouguside 7,ⅩⅩ)即3-β-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯;胡萝卜甙(daucostorol Ⅷ);2,4-二羟基苯甲酸(2,4-dihydroxybenzoicacid I);3,4-二羟基桂皮酸(3,4-dihyroxycinnamunic acid Ⅱ,Ⅳ);长链脂肪酸或醇5个(Longchain fatty acid Ⅲ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,ⅩⅣ)。在鉴定的16个化合物中,枸骨甙1、枸骨甙2、枸骨甙6和枸骨甙7为首次从枸骨中分离得到,枸骨甙3和枸骨甙4为新化合物。     

米碎花的酚苷类化合物及其鼻咽癌细胞毒活性

为了解米碎花(Eurya chinensis)的化学成分及其生物活性,运用多种色谱技术从其乙醇提取物分离得到11个化合物,并对化合物进行体外抗鼻咽癌细胞增殖活性评价。经波谱数据分析,分别为异落新妇苷(1)、3,5,7-三羟基色原酮-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(2)、1-O-反式-桂皮酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(3)、1-O-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-O-反式-桂皮酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(4)、eutigoside D (5)、1-O-(3,4-二羟基苯乙基)-6-O-反式-香豆酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(6)、eutigoside A (7)、1-O-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-O-反式-咖啡酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(8)、grayanoside A (9)、1-O-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-O-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖(10)、3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-4-羟基-苄基苯甲酸酯(11)。其中,化合物4为首次从天然来源获得,化合物2～4和8～11均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。MTT法表明,化合物10具有中等抑制5-8F细胞增殖活性。     

太白米中的甾体生物碱苷

对太白米的叶、大鳞茎和小鳞茎进行了化学成分系统预试,从大鳞茎中分离得到4个甾体生物碱苷,通过对其IR、FABMS、SIMS、1^HNMR、13^CNMR、DEPT、HMQC、HMBC和1^H-1^H COSY的综合解析鉴定了其中3个结构,它们分别为茄次碱-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)、茄次碱-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)和茄次碱-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(IV)。     

三七总皂苷酶水解产物成分研究

为了研究葡萄糖苷酶催化三七提取物的水解产物中主要皂苷成分。采用色谱法从三七提取物水解产物中分离纯化得到11个皂苷成分。利用波谱解析确定了它们的结构,分别鉴定为20(S)-原人参二醇-20-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),以及10个已知的皂苷成分分别为:人参皂苷compound K(2)、3β,12β,20(S),25-四羟基达玛-23-烯-20-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、3β,20(S)-二羟基达玛-24-烯-12β,23β-环氧-20-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、3β,12β,20(S)-三羟基-25-过氧羟基达玛-23-烯-20-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、人参皂苷F1(6)、人参皂苷Rg1(7)、人参皂苷Rg2(8)、人参皂苷Mc(9)、20(S)-原人参二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-20-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)和人参皂苷Re(11)。其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物3~5和10为首次从三七中被分离得到。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.