牛心朴子中的三个新C21甾体配糖体

从宁夏产植物牛心朴子( Cynanchum komarovii Al. Iljinski.) 须根的乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了4 个C₂₁ 甾体配糖体: 白前苷元C 3- O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4 )-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-( 1→4-α-L-吡喃磁麻糖基-( 1→4 )-β- D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基- (1→4 )-β- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷( 1) , 白前苷元A 3- O-β- D-吡喃葡萄糖基- (1→4 ) -β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4 ) -α- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基- (1→4 )-β- D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-(1→4 )-β- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷(2) , 白前苷元C 3- O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4 )-β- D-吡喃葡萄糖基- (1→4 )-α- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-(1→4 ) -β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-( 1→4 )-β- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷( 3) , 白前苷元A 3- O-β- D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4 )-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-( 1→4 )-α- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基- (1→4 ) -β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基- (1→4 )-β- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷( 4) , 分别命名为komaroside I (1) , komaroside J ( 2) , komaroside K ( 3) , komaroside L ( 4) , 除化合物1 外,其余化合物均为新化合物。     

排风藤中皂苷类化学成分研究

从茄属植物排风藤的全草中分离得到了4个皂苷类化合物,经鉴定分别为:25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1),5α,25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(2),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4).化合物1-4均为首次从排风藤中分离得到.     

重楼排草的化学成分研究

从报春花科植物重楼排草（L.Paridiformis Frach）的全株中分离得到了7个化合物。应用各种理化方法及光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。分别鉴定为：希克拉敏A-3-O-｜β-D-吡喃木糖基．（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→2）]｜}-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（1）、3β-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）]。[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→2）]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-16α-羟基-13β,28-环氧-齐墩果烷（2）、异鼠李素-3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→）β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷]（3）、槲皮素-3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷]（4）、β-香树素（5）、β-香树素乙酸酯（6）、三十二烷醇（7）。其中1、2、3、4均为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

青阳参的一个新C21甾体苷

从萝藦科药用植物青阳参(CynanchumotophyllumSchneid)的乙酸乙酯提取物的酸水解液中,分离得到一个新的C21甾体苷类化合物,通过现代波谱技术,确定其结构为去乙酰藦萝苷元3-O-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-(1→4)-α-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖苷。     

白首乌甙A,B和C的结构

从著名中药白首乌(Cynanchum auricutatum Royle ex Wight)根中分离得到7个C_2(?)体甙。其小4个已知物——wilfosidc C3N (Ⅰ), C1N (Ⅱ), C1G (Ⅲ), K1N (Ⅴ),和另外3个新C_(21)甾体甙,命名为白首乌甙A (Ⅵ),B (Ⅶ),C(Ⅳ) (cynauricusidc A, B,C)。经光谱数据分析和化学反应,证明其结构分别为:开德甙元 3-氧-β D-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-α-L-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-α-L-迪吉糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃甙(kidjoranin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-cymaropyranosy-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside, Ⅵ);萝藦甙元 3-氧-α-L-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-α-L-迪吉糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃甙(metaplexigenin -O-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-cymaropyranoside,Ⅶ);告达庭 3-氧-β-D-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-L-葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-α-L-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基-(1→4-α-L-迪吉糖吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-加拿大麻糖吡喃基(caudatin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosy-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyr     

小花草玉梅化学成分研究

目的：研究银莲花属植物小花草玉梅的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱,反相柱色谱并结合制备高效液相色谱等技术分离纯化单体化合物,并根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定结构。结果：分离并鉴定了4个化合物,分别是常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（1）、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-齐墩果酸皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（2）、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（3）和3-O-β-D-吡喃核糖-（1→3）-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（4）。结论：化合物1为首次从银莲花属植物中分离得到,2-4为首次从小花草玉梅中分离得到。     

古蔺雪胆中的新三萜皂苷

从采自四川汉源县的古蔺雪胆(Hemsleya penxianensis var.gulinensiks)中分到9个三萜皂苷化合物,通过化学反应和光谱方法鉴定了它们的结构。其中7个为已知化合物,分别为齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-比喃葡萄糖苷(1),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基齐墩果酸苷(3),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(4),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基—(1→3)—β—D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28—O—β—D—吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),3—O—(6′—丁酯)—β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(7),3-O-(6′-丁酯)—β—D吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)。两个新化合物,即雪胆皂苷A(2)和雪胆皂苷B(9)。     

小花草玉梅化学成分研究

目的:研究银莲花属植物小花草玉梅的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱,反相柱色谱并结合制备高效液相色谱等技术分离纯化单体化合物,并根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定结构。结果:分离并鉴定了4个化合物,分别是常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(1)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-齐墩果酸皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(2)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(3)和3-O-β-D-吡喃核糖-(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(4)。结论:化合物1为首次从银莲花属植物中分离得到,2-4为首次从小花草玉梅中分离得到。     

大理白前的化学成分

从大理白前(Cynanchum forrestii Schltr.)中分离得到2个C_(21)甾体甙,其中一个新甙,命名为大理白前甙A(cynaforroside—A,Ⅰ)。经光谱分析和化学反应,证明(Ⅰ)的结构为芫花白前甙元C 3-氧-α-L-加拿大麻吡喃基-(1→4)-β-L-加拿大麻吡喃基-(1→4)-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃甙(glaucogenin C 3-O-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranoside)     

来江藤的苯丙素类配糖体成分

从云南民间药用植物来江藤(Brandisia hancei Hook．f．)的全草中分离到10个化合物,分别鉴定为3,4-二羟基苯乙醇基-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→3)-β-D-(4-O-咖啡酰基)-半乳吡喃糖苷(1),3,4-二羟基苯乙醇基-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→3)-β-D-(2-O-乙酰基-4-O-咖啡酰基)-半乳吡喃糖苷(2),acteoside(3),2’-acetylacteoside(4),poliumoside(5),2’-acetylpohumoside(6),mussaenoside(7),luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside(8),luteolin(9)和mannitol(10)。化合物1-6为苯丙素配糖体成分,其中化合物2为新化合物,化合物1为首次从该属植物中获得。关键词：来江藤;苯丙素类配糖体;3,4-二羟基苯乙醇基-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→3)-β-D-(2-O-乙酰基-4-O-咖啡酰基)-半乳吡喃糖苷。     

Three New C21 Steroidal Glycosides from Cynanchum komarovii (Asclepiadaceae)

Three new C₂₁ steroidal glycosides : komaroside J (2) , komaroside K (3) and komaroside L (4 ) were isolated from the EtOH extract of Cynanchum komarovii Al. Iljinski., together with a known compound komaroside I (1 ). All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.     

Steroidal glycosides from Cynanchum forrestii Schlechter

Nine new steroidal glycosides, cynaforrosides B, C, D, E, and F, based on a 13, 14: 14, 15-disecopregnane-type skeleton, cynaforrosides G, H, and I with a new aglycone named cynaforrogenin A, and cynaforroside J together with three known C21 steroidal glycosides cynatratoside A, hancoside and komaroside C were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Cynanchum forrestii Schlechter. The structures of new compounds were determined on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Steroidal glycosides with three kinds of skeletons were isolated from this plant simultaneously. The sugar units of cynaforrosides B-I contained two moieties of glucoses and especially cynaforrosides E-I contained two glucoses with the mode of 1-->6 linkage, which were rare among steroidal glycosides of the genus Cynanchum.     

Genetic Diversity of Algal Viruses Which Lyse the Photosynthetic Picoflagellate Micromonas pusilla (Prasinophyceae)

The genetic similarity among eight clones of Micromonas pusilla virus (MpV) isolated from five geographic locations was measured by DNA hybridization. Our objective was to explore the existence of genetically distinct populations of MpV by comparing the similarity among MpVs isolated from a single water sample to the similarity among viruses isolated from geographically distant locations. The highest and lowest similarities we observed were 70% (plusmn) 1.1% (mean (plusmn) standard error [SE], n = 3) for virus strains SP1 and SP2 isolated from a California coastal water sample and 13% (plusmn) 1.9% for strains SP2 and PB6; the latter was isolated from New York estuarine water. However, the similarity between MpV isolated from a single water sample was not always greater than the similarity between viruses isolated from different locations. Viruses PB7 and PB8 were isolated from a single New York estuarine sample but were only 16% (plusmn) 0.5% similar, whereas PB7 was quite similar (43% (plusmn) 2.9%) to PL1, a virus from Texas coastal water. Overall, the similarity among MpVs isolated from a single geographic location, 34% (plusmn) 12.6% (mean (plusmn) SE, n = 4), was not significantly different from the similarity among MpVs isolated from geographically distant locations, 26.6% (plusmn) 2.7% (mean (plusmn) SE, n = 24) (P = 0.92, Mann-Whitney U test). Clones of MpV were more similar to each other than they were to the related algal virus PBCV-1, and three groups of MpVs consisting of (i) PL1, SG1, PB6, and PB7, (ii) PB8, and (iii) GM1, SP1, and SP2 were resolved. The genetic variation among MpVs isolated from a single water sample was as large as the variation between viruses isolated from different oceans. If MpVs within a geographic location share genetic characteristics not shared with MpVs from geographically distant locations, this was not reflected in the overall similarity of their genomes.     

Diptera as vectors of mycobacterial infections in cattle and pigs

Mycobacteria were isolated from 14 (4.5%) of 314 samples, containing 7791 adult Diptera, which were collected in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1997-2000. These flies were collected from three cattle herds with paratuberculosis, two pig herds with mycobacterial infections and one farm that kept both cattle and pigs and that did not have problems of mycobacterial infections. Mycobacterium intracellulare was isolated from Eristalis tenax Linnaeus (Diptera: Syrphidae) captured from a pig herd. Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium (serotype 8) was isolated from flies of the genera Drosophila Fallen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Musca Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) originating from a pig herd. Mycobacterium spp. were isolated from Musca spp. and Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated from dung flies of the genus Scatophaga Meigen (Diptera: Scatophagidae), Musca spp. and Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) captured in the same herd. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum was isolated from S. calcitrans from the farm with both cattle and pigs. Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis was isolated from Scatophaga spp. collected from pastures grazed by one of the cattle herds and from Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Lucilia caesar Linnaeus (Diptera: Calliphoridae) captured in a slaughterhouse, where cattle infected with paratuberculosis were slaughtered. Mycobacterium phlei was isolated from flies of the genus Lucilia captured at a waste bin. These data indicate that mycobacteria may be spread by adult flies that have been in contact with material contaminated with these pathogens.     

The polysaccharides of the brown seaweed Turbinaria murrayana

Polysaccharides of the brown seaweed Turbinaria murrayana were isolated. Laminaran (3.2%) was isolated from the hot-water extract of the algae by using ion-exchange chromatography. Fucans (2.1%) were isolated from the hot-water extract, as well (4.7%) as from the extract of the algae with dilute acid. Acid hydrolsysis of the isolated fucans revealed glucose, amnnose, fucose, glucuronic acid, xylose, and galactose. Alginic acid (22.6%) was separated, and reduced to a neutral polysaccharide. The polysaccharides isolated were analyzed by methylation and Smith degradation.     

Characteristics of staphylococci isolated from man, poultry and some other animals

Of 281 strains of staphylococci isolated from man and animals 36 (12.8%) were coagulase-positive and 245 (87.2%) were coagulase-negative. Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. intermedius were the commonest coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from the hosts examined. Of the 20 strains that remained unclassifiable, 14 were isolated from sheep and goats.     

Characteristics of staphylococci isolated from man, poultry and some other animals

Of 281 strains of staphylococci isolated from man and animals 36 (12–8%) were coagulase-positive and 245 (87–2%) were coagulase-negative. Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. intermedius were the commonest coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from the hosts examined. Of the 20 strains that remained unclassifiable, 14 were isolated from sheep and goats.     

Occurrence of yersiniosis and listeriosis in wild boars in Japan

From December 1994 to February 1995, 131 wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomysta) living in a mountainous area in Japan were examined for yersiniosis and listeriosis. Of 131 wild boars, 76 (58%) were males and 55 (42%) were females. Four Yersinia spp. including Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica, Y. frederiksenii, and Y. aldovei, were isolated from 49 (37%) of 131 wild boars. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from five (4%) of 131 wild boars. All Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates were serotype 4b and harbored virulence plasmids. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated only from boars under 2-yr-old. No human pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was isolated. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from two (1%) of the wild boars and both isolates were serotype 4b. These findings indicated that wild boar could be a reservoir of Y. pseudotuberculosis and L. monocytogenes in Japan.     

Immunolocalization of secretory protein-I or chromogranin A in amphibian urinary bladder granular cell granules

The presence of secretory protein-I (SP-I) or chromogranin A (CGA) in granules isolated from the granular cells of the amphibian urinary bladder epithelium was investigated using ultraimmunohistochemistry. Granules were isolated by cell fractionation using Percoll density gradients. SP-I was isolated and purified from bovine parathyroid glands. Antibodies were raised in rabbits and purified by affinity chromatography. Ultraimmunocytochemistry, employing the avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC-complex) procedure, was used to localize SP-I on thin sections of isolated granules. About 27% of the granules from control (-ADH) cells were SP-I+, while 51% of the granules fractionated from hormone treated (+ADH) cells were positive for this protein (p less than 0.0001). Accordingly, granules from ADH-treated cells also showed a significant (p less than 0.0001) increase in total protein.