西南远志中一个新的三萜皂苷

从西南远志根中分离得到3个齐墩果酸型皂苷类化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构分别为3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基presenegenin 28-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-(1→3)-β-D-木糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-芹糖基-(1→3)]-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-[4-O-(E/Z)-3″,4″,5″-三甲氧基肉桂酰基]-β-D-岩藻糖基酯(1)、3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基presenegenin 28-O-β-D-木糖基-(1→4)-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→3)]-[4-O-(E/Z)-对甲氧基肉桂酰基]-β-D-岩藻糖基酯(2)和3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基presenegenin 28-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-(1→4)-β-D-木糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-芹糖基-(1→3)]-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[4-O-(E/Z)-对甲氧基肉桂酰基]-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→3)]-β-D-岩藻糖基酯(3),其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物2和3首次从该植物中分离得到。     

西南远志中一个新的三萜皂苷北大核心CSCD

从西南远志根中分离得到3个齐墩果酸型皂苷类化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构分别为3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基presenegenin 28-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-(1→3)-β-D-木糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-芹糖基-(1→3)]-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-[4-O-(E/Z)-3″,4″,5″-三甲氧基肉桂酰基]-β-D-岩藻糖基酯(1)、3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基presenegenin 28-O-β-D-木糖基-(1→4)-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→3)]-[4-O-(E/Z)-对甲氧基肉桂酰基]-β-D-岩藻糖基酯(2)和3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基presenegenin 28-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-(1→4)-β-D-木糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-芹糖基-(1→3)]-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[4-O-(E/Z)-对甲氧基肉桂酰基]-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→3)]-β-D-岩藻糖基酯(3),其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物2和3首次从该植物中分离得到。     

排风藤中皂苷类化学成分研究

从茄属植物排风藤的全草中分离得到了4个皂苷类化合物,经鉴定分别为:25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1),5α,25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(2),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4).化合物1-4均为首次从排风藤中分离得到.     

牛心朴子中三个新C21甾体配糖体

从宁夏产植物牛心朴子（Cymmehumkomarovii Al．IIjinski）须根的乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了4个C21甾体配糖体：白前苷元C 3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α-L-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-（1→4）-β—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（1）,白前苷元A 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（2）,白前苷元C3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（3）,白前苷元A3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（4）,分别命名为komarosideI（1）,komarosideJ（2）,komarosideK（3）,komarosideL（4）,除化合物1外,其余化合物均为新化合物。     

仙茅中两个新的环阿尔廷醇型三萜皂苷

从仙茅(Curculigo orchioides）中分离得到2个新的环阿尔廷醉型三萜皂苷,通过波诺分析鉴定了它们的化学结构,即3β,11α,16β—三羟基环阿尔廷烷-24-酮-3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→2)-β-吡喃葡糖]-16-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(1)和(24S)-3β,11α,16β,24-四经基环阿尔廷烷-3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡糖]-24-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(2)。     

珍珠菜中黄酮及Megastigmane类化学成分研究北大核心CSCD

对珍珠菜Lysimachia clethroides的化学成分进行研究。应用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和制备型HPLC等柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,并运用现代波谱技术（ESI-MS,^1H-NMR,^13C NMR）进行结构鉴定。从珍珠菜中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为山柰酚（1）、槲皮素（2）、cinchonain Ib（3）、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-吡喃木糖基-8-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（4）、芹菜素-6,8-二-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（5）、芹菜素-6-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-8-C-β-D-吡喃木糖苷（6）、芹菜素-6,8-二-C-β-D-吡喃木糖苷（7）、芹菜素-6-C-β-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（8）、芹菜素-6-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（9）、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-8-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（10）、blumenol A（11）、（3S,5R,6R,7E,9S）-大柱香波龙-7-烯-3,5,6,9-四醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（12）。化合物3-8和11-12为首次从该属植物中分离得到。体外活性测试结果显示化合物1-12均没有明显的细胞毒活性（IC50〉10 μM）。     

屏边三七根茎中的两个新的齐墩果酸皂甙

从屏边三七(Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng)根茎中分离到二个齐墩果烷型新皂甙,命名为屏边三七甙(stipuleanoside)R_1和R_2,其化学结构经光谱分析和化学降解反应,分别确定为齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙(1)和齐墩果酸[28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基]-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙(3)。     

小花草玉梅化学成分研究

目的：研究银莲花属植物小花草玉梅的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱,反相柱色谱并结合制备高效液相色谱等技术分离纯化单体化合物,并根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定结构。结果：分离并鉴定了4个化合物,分别是常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（1）、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-齐墩果酸皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（2）、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（3）和3-O-β-D-吡喃核糖-（1→3）-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（4）。结论：化合物1为首次从银莲花属植物中分离得到,2-4为首次从小花草玉梅中分离得到。     

珍珠菜中黄酮及Megastigmane类化学成分研究

对珍珠菜Lysimachia clethroides的化学成分进行研究。应用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和制备型HPLC等柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,并运用现代波谱技术(ESI-MS,1H NMR,13C NMR)进行结构鉴定。从珍珠菜中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为山柰酚(1)、槲皮素(2)、cinchonain Ib(3)、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-吡喃木糖基-8-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(4)、芹菜素-6,8-二-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(5)、芹菜素-6-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-8-C-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(6)、芹菜素-6,8-二-C-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(7)、芹菜素-6-C-β-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、芹菜素-6-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-8-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(10)、blumenol A(11)、(3S,5R,6R,7E,9S)-大柱香波龙-7-烯-3,5,6,9-四醇3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(12)。化合物3~8和11~12为首次从该属植物中分离得到。体外活性测试结果显示化合物1~12均没有明显的细胞毒活性(IC5010μM)。     

无患子中两个新的大戟烷型三萜皂甙

从无患子科无患子(Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.)根中分离到两个新的大戟烷型三萜皂甙Sapimukoside A (1) 和Sapimukoside B (2).运用波谱和化学方法鉴定它们的结构为3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→2)-[α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖基-(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-21, 23R-epoxyl tirucall-7, 24R-diene-3β, 21-diol (1) 和3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-(1→6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基21, 23R-epoxyl tirucall-7, 24R-diene-3β, 21-diol (2).     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various