表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组CVI988病毒的构建及特性

提取马立克氏病毒Ⅰ型疫苗毒株CVI988的总DNA为模板,利用PCR技术扩增出病毒生长非必需的US2基因并克隆入T—easy载体。将CMV启动子和增强子控制的含GFP基因表达盒克隆入US2基因中,成功构建了含GFP基因的转移质粒载体pGUS2GFP。用脂质体将其与CVI988株共转染CEF细胞,用96孔板稀释法得到纯化的表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组CVI988病毒株rCVIGFP,并分别测定其在体内和体外的生长情况。表达EGFP基因的重组病毒在细胞上生长曲线与亲本毒CVI988类似,体外实验表明,1日龄腹腔接种该重组毒后,可以从鸡体内分离到表达绿色荧光的病毒。     

表达GFP基因的马立克氏病病毒(MDV)转移载体的构建及初步应用

利用Primer primer 5.0软件设计两条引物,将loxP位点分别引入正、反向引物,以质粒载体pIRES-gpt为模板,扩增获得LoxP-CMV-gpt-IRES-LoxP基因表达盒(约2.9kb),将其克隆入质粒pBUS10 (含有MDV US10区) 的BalⅠ位点,获得重组质粒 pUS-gptIRES(L);对重组质粒pUS-gptIRES(L)进行测序分析,发现两同向的loxP位点正确插入到pUS-gptIRES(L)中;将含有完整的GFP基因以及poly A尾的基因片断,连入pUS-gptIRES(L)中,把gpt基因替换掉,从而获得重组质粒pUS-GFPIRES(L)。将转移载体pUS-GFPIRES(L)瞬时转染CHO细胞,可以观察到绿色荧光,说明GFP基因获得有效表达;将pUS-GFPIRES(L) 转染已感染MDV CVI988株的CEF细胞,可以筛选到表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组病毒;通过测定重组病毒在细胞上的生长曲线,发现重组病毒与亲本毒生长曲线相吻合。本研究为进一步探讨MDV在体内的特性奠定基础,同时,为Cre/LoxP重组酶系统在MDV中的应用奠定基础。     

表达禽流感病毒M2基因的重组马立克氏病病毒的构建

将禽流感病毒M2基因克隆于真核表达质粒pIRES-EGFP中,使其位于pCMV启动子的调控下,并与绿色荧光蛋白基因（EGFP）串联后,将上述串联基因插入到含MDV CVI988的非必需区US基因的重组质粒pUS2中,构建带标记的重组质粒,然后将此重组质粒转染感染了MDV CVI988的鸡胚成纤维细胞,利用同源重组的方法,筛选了表达禽流感病毒M2基因的重组病毒MDV1。经PCR、Dot-blotting,Western-blotting等实验的结果表明,禽流感病毒M2基因的确插入到MDV1（CVI988）基因组中并获得表达。重组MDV1免疫1日龄SPF鸡21天后,用ELISA可检测到M2蛋白的特异性抗体。接种了重组病毒rMDV的鸡体内针对H9N2疫苗血凝素的抗体滴度(p<0.05)明显提高,以禽流感病毒AIV A/Chicken/Guangdong/00（H9N2）攻毒后进行病毒重分离试验的结果发现,重组病毒能有效地降低病毒的排出量(p<0.01),说明该重组病毒可以用于防制禽流感的免疫。     

表达传染性法氏囊病毒VP2蛋白的重组马立克氏病毒的构建

用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法从真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-VP2中扩增出包含CMV和polyA的VP2表达盒基因片段,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳大小为2.4kb;将该基因片段插入马立克氏病病毒(MDV)CVI988//Rispens的非必需区US10片段中,经SphI酶切分析获得大小为6.0和2.4kb两个片段,表明成功构建出表达VP2基因的MDV CVI988转移载体pUC18-US10-VP2质粒.将质粒与CVI988/Rispens疫苗毒共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),通过免疫荧光方法筛选,结果获得了表达VP2基因的重组MDV(rMDV-VP2).用IBDV特异性单克隆抗体进行间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)证实,rMDV-VP2病毒传至第8代仍能稳定表达VP2蛋白,这为进一步研究其免疫学特性奠定了基础.     

含HVT部分gB基因马立克氏病病毒的转移载体的构建及表达

根据已发表马立克氏病病毒(MDV)血清Ⅰ型短独特区(US)基因序列,设计一对引物用PCR方法扩增出CVI988/Rispens株的包括部分sorf2和sorf3基因及全部us1和us10基因,并克隆入SK(+)载体中,筛选出阳性载体pBUS10.用PCR的方法在火鸡疱疹病毒(HVT)gB基因主要抗原决定簇的前端及后端分别加上血凝素基因(HA)及终止子TAA,并克隆到pcDNA3 载体中,构建出在CMV启动子和增强子控制下含HA及gB基因主要决定簇的表达盒;将此表达盒克隆入pBUS10载体的us10基因中,构建出一种含HA及gB基因主要决定簇的转移载体pBUS10gB3.转染CHO细胞后,用兔抗鸡IgY进行间接免疫荧光试验,证实该转移质粒载体可有效地表达HVT gB基因.     

含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的慢病毒载体的制备与表达分析

目的:制备含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的慢病毒载体,为慢病毒载体的进一步广泛应用奠定基础。方法:克隆构建含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的转基因载体pCS-gluc-2A-eGFP,酶切与序列分析鉴定其正确后,与包装质粒pCMVHR’Δ8.2、包膜质粒pVSV-G共转染293FT细胞,获得含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的重组慢病毒载体;重组慢病毒载体感染A549、Huh7细胞后,用荧光显微镜直接观察报告基因GFP的表达,或取细胞上清实时检测分泌型萤光素酶的表达。结果:制备了含双报告基因的重组慢病毒载体,感染细胞后可以活体观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达,也可以快速灵敏地检测到分泌型萤光素酶的表达。结论:所获含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的重组慢病毒载体感染效率高,表达易于活体实时检测,灵敏度高。本研究为慢病毒载体的广泛应用奠定了基础。     

表达传染性法氏囊病毒VP2蛋白的重组马立克氏病毒的构建

用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法从真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-VP2中扩增出包含CMV和polyA的VP2表达盒基因片段,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳大小为2.4kb;将该基因片段插入马立克氏病病毒(MDV)CVI988//Rispens的非必需区US10片段中,经SphI酶切分析获得大小为6.0和2.4kb两个片段,表明成功构建出表达VP2基因的MDVCVI988转移载体pUC18-US10-VP2质粒。将质粒与CVI988/Rispens疫苗毒共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),通过免疫荧光方法筛选,结果获得了表达VP2基因的重组MDV(rMDV-VP2)。用IBDV特异性单克隆抗体进行间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)证实,rMDV-VP2病毒传至第8代仍能稳定表达VP2蛋白,这为进一步研究其免疫学特性奠定了基础。     

含HVT部分gB基因马立克氏病病毒的转移载体的构建及表达

根据己发表马立克氏病病毒(MDV)血清Ⅰ型短独特区(US)基因序列,设计一对引物用PCR方法扩增出CVI988/Rispens株的包括部分sorf2和sorf3基因及全部us1和us10基因,并克隆入SK( )载体中,筛选出阳性载体pBUS10。用PCR的方法在火鸡疱疹病毒(HVT)gB基因主要抗原决定簇的前端及后端分别加上血凝素基因(HA)及终止子TAA,并克隆到pcDNA3载体中,构建出在CMV启动于和增强于控制下含HA及gB基因主要决定簇的表达盒;将此表达盒克隆入pBUS10载体的us10基因中,构建出一种含HA及gB基因主要决定簇的转移载体pBUS10gB3。转染CHO细胞后,用兔抗鸡IgY进行间接免疫荧光试验,证实该转移质粒载体可有效地表达HVT gB基因。     

表达IBDV VP2融合蛋白的重组MDV的构建及其免疫特性

将增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因(eGFP)与鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)的VP2基因融合,插入马立克氏病毒(MDV)CVI988/Rispens的非必需区US10片段中,成功构建表达VP2融合蛋白的MDVCVI988转移载体pUC18-US10-VP2。将转移载体质粒与CVI988/Rispens疫苗毒共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),筛选获得表达VP2融合蛋白的重组MDV(rMDV)。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和间接免疫荧光实验(IFA)证明,rMDV传至第31代仍能稳定表达VP2融合蛋白。用rMDV免疫SPF鸡,进行IBDV攻毒保护试验,1日龄SPF鸡分别用1000PFU、2000PFU、5000PFU的rMDV进行免疫,33日龄用100LD50的IBDVJS超强毒进行攻毒,鸡的免疫保护率分别为50%、60%、80%。值得注意的是,5000PFU的rMDV一次免疫1日龄SPF鸡,其法氏囊组织病理损伤等级与IBD中等毒力活疫苗常规二次免疫相当(2·0/1·5),其保护效果无显著差异(p>0·05),而与非重组病毒免疫组相比较,保护效果差异显著(P<0·01),这表明构建的表达IBDVVP2融合蛋白的rMDV可以有效地为SPF鸡提供免疫保护作用。     

鹅源新城疫病毒NP、P和L基因的克隆与P基因的表达鉴定

将鹅源新城疫病毒的NP、P和L基因通过RT-PCR方法从尿囊液中扩增后分别克隆进pGEM—T easy载体,再分别亚克隆到真核表达载体pCI—neo上,通过酶切、PCR和测序验证克隆正确。利用P基因开放性阅读框(ORF)上靠近终止密码上游的AgeI位点,将报告基因绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因克隆进P基因真核表达重组质粒,分别转染COS-1细胞和CEF细胞,在倒置荧光显微镜下可见到绿色荧光,表明GFP基因已得到表达,由此证明P基因也已得到表达。鹅源新城疫病毒NP、P和L基因的克隆成功,为即将进行的鹅源新城疫病毒的反向遗传操作以及功能基因组研究打下基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.