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发酵工程是生物技术的重要组成部分,微生物发酵生产是其研究成果转化为现实生产力并形成产业取得经济效益的一个重要环节。大多数有机酸均可通过微生物发酵进行生产,有此有机酸已进入工业化生产,其产品进入商业化,为食品、医药、化工以及农业等各个行业服务。这里仅介绍5种重要有机酸微生物发酵生产研究开发所取得的成果。一、乳酸L-乳酸已广泛应用于食品、医药、农业和化工等方面,它是食品工业的重要酸味剂、防腐剂;聚L-乳酸可用于制造生物塑料。美国、日本及欧洲一些国家的乳酸工业有较大发展。乳酸制成饮料,用于降低血压,这主要… 相似文献
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乳酸(C3H6O3),又名2-羟基丙酸、丙醇酸,属于羟基酸的一种。乳酸在食品工业、临床医学、生物技术等行业具有极其重要的意义,因此如何高通量检测不同样品中的乳酸成为目前业界研究的重点。传统乳酸检测方法操作繁琐、费时费力或需要昂贵的检测设备,乳酸生物传感器可以克服这些限制,不需要样品制备,能够快速、简便、可靠地定量测定食品或血浆中的乳酸,具有广阔的应用前景。乳酸酶电极生物传感器主要有两种类型——基于L-乳酸氧化酶(L-LOD)和L-乳酸脱氢酶(L-LDH)的乳酸生物传感器。本文综述了L-LOD和L-LDH结构特征、来源及催化机理,讨论了改善基于酶电极的乳酸传感器性能的3种策略(电极材料改造策略、酶固定化策略、酶分子工程改造策略),还根据用于制造乳酸生物传感器的不同载体包括膜、透明凝胶基质、水凝胶载体、纳米颗粒等对乳酸生物传感器进行了归类分析,最后本文将目前商品化应用的酶电极乳酸生物传感器特点进行了对比总结讨论,阐述了乳酸生物传感器的未来应用方向,并对未来发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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L-乳酸的发酵生产和聚L-乳酸的化学加工 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
L-乳酸广泛应用于食品、医药、日化和工业等各个领域。近年来随着石化资源的不断紧缺,众多化学合成的高分子材料的生产受到了限制。以生物质资源为基础的L-乳酸因此被大量用于加工生产成聚L-乳酸等环境友好型生物可降解材料。正是由于L-乳酸需求量的增大,如何高效低成本地生产L-乳酸显得尤为重要。系统综述了L-乳酸生产菌株的选育,用于L-乳酸发酵生产的廉价资源的开发利用,L-乳酸的发酵生产和L-乳酸的分离纯化等方面的研究进展。目前研究的热点和难点正是基于上述四个部分:菌种方面,以可以高效代谢利用廉价底物,且营养需求低的选育目标获得了多个优良的生产菌种,然而具备综合代谢优势的菌种还有待进一步选育;发酵底物方面,已开发利用多种廉价,来源丰富且易于菌种代谢并高效转化成乳酸的底物,但是对这些底物工业规模应用还有待进一步研究;发酵工艺方面,建立了环境友好型,劳动强度低的发酵工艺,然而实际应用中仍然存在成本高的问题;后提取方面,通过选育低营养需求的生产菌种和采用新型发酵工艺有效地简化了后提取过程,但是实际应用方面仍受发酵工艺成本高的制约。最后对聚L-乳酸的化学加工以及聚L-乳酸的生物降解进行了探讨并提出了一些建议。 相似文献
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L-乳酸是一种重要的有机化合物,具有广泛的应用价值。微生物发酵法生产是当前L-乳酸的主要来源,但受限于精确的发酵条件、菌体产物耐受能力低及底物要求高等因素,导致L-乳酸供给不足且价格偏高。鉴于酿酒酵母利用廉价底物生产有价值物质方面的诸多优势,并随着分子生物学技术的发展,利用代谢工程改造酿酒酵母本身固有的代谢网络,使其高产L-乳酸已成为当前研究的热点。从L-乳酸的异源生产、关键途径改造及菌体生长能力恢复三个方面归纳了关于代谢工程改造酿酒酵母生产L-乳酸的研究进展。最后,指出了酿酒酵母异源生产L-乳酸存在的不足和今后研究的方向。 相似文献
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微生物发酵产光学纯度D-乳酸研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
D-乳酸作为一种重要的手性中间体和聚乳酸合成的原料,其生产已越来越受到人们的重视。然而,低光学纯度D-乳酸在很多领域的应用都受到限制。微生物发酵法能够生产高光学纯度的D-乳酸。除了乳酸生产的传统菌株-乳酸细菌,研究者们还通过基因工程的手段不断探索其它种属菌株利用更廉价的可再生资源高产光学纯度D-乳酸的可行性。介绍了D-乳酸的物化性质及其在工业生产、化学加工和聚乳酸合成中的应用,并详细综述了国内外发酵法生产光学纯度D-乳酸的最新研究进展,着重介绍了采用基因工程育种策略提高菌株的D-乳酸产量、转化率、生产强度以及光学纯度,降低副产物的合成,扩大底物利用范围的研究成果。所涉及的菌株包括:乳酸细菌、大肠杆菌、谷氨酸棒杆菌以及酵母等。这些研究表明,应用基因工程手段改造生产菌株的代谢途径是选育D-乳酸发酵生产菌株的发展趋势。最后还对D-乳酸发酵生产的前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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生物基化学品是生物经济和生物制造的核心内容之一。本专刊综述了国内外生物基化学品的重要研究进展,包括:丁二酸、己二酸、乳酸、3-羟基丙酸、葡萄糖二酸、甘油、木糖醇、高级醇、乙烯等生物基化学品的代谢工程和发酵调控,直接利用木质纤维素生产生物基化学品的菌株构建,生物基乳酸的衍生和生物转化技术,生物基化学品的盐析萃取分离纯化技术等。同时,本专刊也包括了国内学者在丁二酸、D-甘露醇、苹果酸、5-氨基乙酰丙酸、1,3-丙二醇和丁醇方面的研究论文。 相似文献
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Amylolytic bacterial lactic acid fermentation - a review 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Lactic acid, an enigmatic chemical has wide applications in food, pharmaceutical, leather, textile industries and as chemical feed stock. Novel applications in synthesis of biodegradable plastics have increased the demand for lactic acid. Microbial fermentations are preferred over chemical synthesis of lactic acid due to various factors. Refined sugars, though costly, are the choice substrates for lactic acid production using Lactobacillus sps. Complex natural starchy raw materials used for production of lactic acid involve pretreatment by gelatinization and liquefaction followed by enzymatic saccharification to glucose and subsequent conversion of glucose to lactic acid by Lactobacillus fermentation. Direct conversion of starchy biomass to lactic acid by bacteria possessing both amylolytic and lactic acid producing character will eliminate the two step process to make it economical. Very few amylolytic lactic acid bacteria with high potential to produce lactic acid at high substrate concentrations are reported till date. In this view, a search has been made for various amylolytic LAB involved in production of lactic acid and utilization of cheaply available renewable agricultural starchy biomass. Lactobacillus amylophilus GV6 is an efficient and widely studied amylolytic lactic acid producing bacteria capable of utilizing inexpensive carbon and nitrogen substrates with high lactic acid production efficiency. This is the first review on amylolytic bacterial lactic acid fermentations till date. 相似文献
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An unstructured mathematical model for lactic acid fermentation was developed. This model was able to predict the inhibition
effects of lactic acid and glucose and was confirmed to be valid with various initial concentrations of lactic acid and glucose.
Simulation of energy production was made using this mathematical model, and the relationship between the kinetics of energy
metabolism and lactic acid production was also analyzed. 相似文献
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目前乳酸菌的防治糖尿病功效已得到广泛认可.本文综述国内外关于乳酸菌应用于临床糖尿病治疗的研究进展,对乳酸菌可能的降血糖作用机理及物质基础进行了分析总结,并对目前存在的安全性问题和今后研究方向进行探讨,希望为糖尿病防治提供新的思路,为开发新型降糖药物提供一定的理论依据. 相似文献
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Enrique Cubas-Cano Cristina González-Fernández Mercedes Ballesteros Elia Tomás-Pejó 《Biotechnology progress》2019,35(1):e2739
Lactic acid is a versatile chemical that can be produced via fermentation of lignocellulosic materials. The heterolactic strain Lactobacillus pentosus CECT 4023 T, that can consume glucose and xylose, was studied to produce lactic acid from steam exploded wheat straw prehydrolysate. The effect of temperature and pH on bacterial growth was analyzed. Besides, the effect of oxygen on lactic acid production was tested and fermentation yields were compared in different scenarios. This strain showed very high tolerance to the inhibitors contained in the wheat straw prehydrolysate. The highest lactic acid yields based on present sugar, around 0.80 g g−1, were obtained from glucose in presence of 25%, 50%, and 75% v v−1 of prehydrolysate in strict anaerobiosis. Lactic fermentation of wheat straw hydrolysate obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of the prehydrolysate yielded 0.39 g of lactic acid per gram of released sugars, which demonstrated the high potential of L. pentosus to produce lactic acid from hemicellulosic hydrolysates. Results presented herein not only corroborated the ability of L. pentosus to grow using mixtures of sugars, but also demonstrated the suitability of this strain to be applied as an efficient lactic acid producer in a lignocellulosic biorefinery approach. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2739, 2019 相似文献
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对解淀粉乳酸细菌及其产生的淀粉酶和发酵工艺等方面的国内外研究现状进行了综述。解淀粉乳酸细菌具有分泌淀粉酶的能力,可免去原料水解处理工序直接发酵淀粉质原料生产乳酸,可以简化生产工艺,并可节约设备投资,进而降低生产成本。解淀粉乳酸细菌主要分离自传统发酵食品,也可从有机废弃物和厨余垃圾中分离得到。介绍了解淀粉乳酸细菌直接利用淀粉质原料的机理,比较了解淀粉乳酸菌发酵生产L-乳酸的工艺。提出通过诱变育种和基因工程育种等方法获得更加高效的解淀粉乳酸细菌,并结合先进的发酵、分离技术来提高乳酸生产效率。 相似文献
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Aims: To demonstrate the feasibility of growing lactobacilli and producing lactic acid using maple sap as a sugar source and to show the importance of oligosaccharides in the processes. Methods and Results: Two maple sap samples (Cetta and Pinnacle) and purified sucrose were used as carbon sources in the preparation of three culture media. Compared with the sucrose‐based medium, both maple sap‐based media produced increased viable counts in two strains out of five by a factor of four to seven. Maple sap‐based media also enhanced lactic acid production in three strains. Cetta sap was found to be more efficient than Pinnacle sap in stimulating lactic acid production and, was also found to be richer in various oligosaccharides. The amendment of the Pinnacle‐based medium with trisaccharides significantly stimulated Lactobacillus acidophilus AC‐10 to grow and produce lactic acid. Conclusions: Maple sap, particularly if rich in oligosaccharides, represents a good carbon source for the growth of lactobacilli and the production of lactic acid. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides a proof‐of‐concept, using maple sap as a substrate for lactic acid production and for the development of a nondairy probiotic drink. 相似文献
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Besides lactic acid, many lactic acid bacteria also produce proteinaceous metabolites (bacteriocins) such as nisin. As catabolite repression and end-product inhibition limit production of both products, we have investigated the use of alternative methods of supplying substrate and neutralizing or extracting lactic acid to increase yields. Fed-batch fermentation trials using a stillage-based medium with pH control by NH4OH resulted in improved lactic acid (83.4 g/l, 3.18 g/l/h, 95% yield) and nisin (1,260 IU/ml, 84,000 IU/l/h, 14,900 IU/g) production. Removing particulate matter from the stillage-based medium increased nisin production (1,590 IU/ml, 33,700 IU/g), but decreased lactic acid production (58.5 g/l, 1.40 g/l/h, 96% yield). Removing lactic acid by ion exchange resins stimulated higher lactic acid concentrations (60 to 65 g/l) and productivities (2.0 to 2.6 g/l/h) in the filtered stillage medium at the expense of nisin production (1,500 IU/ml, 25,800 IU/g). 相似文献
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The green crop drying industry in Denmark uses Italian rye grass, clover, and alfalfa as raw materials for the production
of green pellets. The green crop drying industry solves its energy economical problems by heating and pressing of the green
crop before drying. The produced sidestream is called brown juice. Brown juice was shown to be an excellent medium for lactic
acid fermentation. The aim of this study was to investigate the utilisation of brown juice in the production of polylactic
acid, where wheat starch would be added to increase the lactic acid yield and, thus, the feasibility of the process. A number
of amylolytic lactic acid bacteria have been identified, and in this work, six different strains were tested for their ability
to produce α-amylase and to utilise all sugars with high lactic acid yield in a medium with a complex composition of free
sugars (brown juice) and starch. Lactobacillus plantarum A6 was the only strain that showed both a good lactic acid production and utilisation of starch in this medium. The growth
rate of this strain was approximately 0.4 h−1 and the lactic acid yield was 0.7. 相似文献