禽流感病毒分离株NS基因同源性及等位基因类型分析

目的　克隆测定国内具有代表性的禽流感病毒 (AIV)的非结构 (NS)蛋白基因核苷酸序列 ,分析其同源性和等位基因类型 ,为进一步探索禽流感NS蛋白抗体监测方法奠定基础。方法　经RT PCR扩增了国内 3株H9N2、2株H5N1、2株H7N2亚型AIV分离株的NS蛋白基因 ,并把扩增的基因片段克隆到pGEM T载体中测序 ,将测序结果与GenBank中的核苷酸序列进行同源性比较 ,绘制基因进化树。结果　经测序获得了各AIV分离株NS基因的完整编码序列。同源性分析表明 ,3株H9亚型AIV的NS基因之间的同源性为 96 %～ 98% ;两株H5亚型AIVNS基因同源性为 91 6 % ;两株H7亚型AIV的NS基因同源性为 98 9%。H5和H9亚型分离株的NS基因之间的同源性均高于 90 % ;而H7N2亚型分离株与其它两种亚型分离株的NS基因同源性约为 6 0 %～ 70 %。在AIVNS基因系统发育进化树中 ,H5、H9亚型分离株都处于等位基因A群内 ;3株H9亚型分离株的进化关系较近 ,与香港、广东的部分H5N1病毒株起源相同 ,而 2株H5病毒的NS基因则处于不同分枝内 ;2株H7亚型分离株的NS基因都处于等位基因B群内 ,进化关系较近。结论　这 7株国内AIV分离株的NS基因之间的同源性差异较大 ,约为 6 0 %～ 99% ,且包括A、B两种类型的等位基因     

鸭甲肝病毒3型2012年山东分离株VP1基因的序列分析

为揭示近年来鸭甲肝病毒3型(DHAV-3)中国分离株VP1基因的遗传变异规律,本研究对2012年从山东省分离到的13株DHAV-3的VP1基因分别进行PCR扩增、序列测序与分析。结果显示,13株DHAV-3的VP1基因均由720个核苷酸组成,共编码240个氨基酸,核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性分别为94.6%～99.9%和95.0%～100%。与GenBank中公布的31株DHAV-3的VP1基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为92.5%～100%和90.8%～100%。系统进化分析显示,DHAV-3可分为两个基因型,其中除疫苗毒B63之外所有中国分离株均属于GⅠ型,越南分离毒株主要属于GⅡ型S1亚型,而韩国分离株组成GⅡ型中的S2亚型,具有明显的地域特征。     

蓝舌病毒血清5型毒株S7基因编码区的分子克隆与序列分析

目的:对蓝舌病毒(BTV)血清5型毒株(BTV-5)的S7基因编码区(ORF)进行克隆和序列分析。方法:用TRIzol LS试剂提取病毒总RNA,经反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增BTV-5型毒株S7基因的编码区,将扩增片段克隆到pGEM-T Easy载体上,对阳性克隆进行核苷酸序列测定;采用DNAStar和DNASIS v2.5软件对环状病毒属不同种群的S7基因ORF序列及其推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性及系统进化树分析。结果:克隆的基因片段长1050bp,为S7基因开放性读码框的全长序列,编码349个氨基酸残基;与环状病毒属不同血清型毒株比较,核酸序列同源性范围为42.2%～96.6%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性范围为40.4%～99.7%。结论:蓝舌病毒与非洲马瘟病毒、鹿流行性出血热病毒分属于不同种群,群内不同血清型的S7基因ORF序列及其推导的氨基酸序列显示出很高的同源性,而不同种群之间的同源性很低。     

华南流感病毒NS1基因特性研究

为了解H9N2和H5N1亚型流行性感冒病毒株的NS1基因特性,采用RT-PCR方法测定了12株2000～2003年间在华南地区分离的禽流感病毒株的NS1基因核苷酸序列. 测序显示6株H9N2亚型流感病毒NS1基因开放阅读框(ORF)长654 bp,编码217个氨基酸. 6株H5N1亚型毒株NS1基因ORF长678 bp,编码225个氨基酸. 核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分析表明,同一亚型分离株之间有很高的同源性,而不同亚型的H9N2和H5N1毒株之间存在较大差异. BLAST分析表明,H5N1和H9N2亚型流感病毒分离株的NS1基因分别与近两年从香港特区和华南地区的鸭中分离的毒株A/Duck/Hong Kong/646.3/01 (H5N1)、A/Duck/Shantou/2143/01 (H9N2)有很高的亲缘关系. 该研究结果为进一步进行NS1功能研究奠定了基础.     

一株H3N2亚型猪流感病毒广东分离株的基因组序列分析

从广东省疑似流感发病猪分离到1株H3N2亚型猪流感病毒(A/Swine/Guangdong/01/2005(H3N2)),对其各个基因进行克隆与测序,并与GenBank中收录的其它猪流感、禽流感和人流感的相关基因进行比较,结果表明,HA全基因与广东2003~2004年分离的H3N2猪流感毒株的核苷酸序列同源性在99%以上,与纽约90年代末分离的H3N2人流感毒株同源性在98.5%以上;NA基因与纽约1998~2000年分离的H3N2人流感毒株的核苷酸序列同源性在99%以上;NS基因、M基因的核苷酸序列与H1N1亚型猪流感毒株A/swine/HongKong/273/1994(H1N1)的核苷酸序列同源性较高,分别为97.9%、98.4%,与美洲A/swine/Iowa/17672/1988(H1N1)的核苷酸序列同源性分别为96.7%、97.1%;其他基因的核苷酸序列与H3N2人流感毒株具有很高的同源性。因此,推测其M和NS基因来源于H1N1亚型猪流感病毒,HA、NA及其他基因均来源于H3N2亚型人流感病毒。表明此H3N2亚型猪流感病毒为H3N2亚型人流感病毒和H1N1亚型猪流感病毒经基因重排而得到的重组病毒。     

麻疹病毒F基因测序及其进化关系的初步分析

研究麻疹病毒疫苗株S191毒种及其传代的病毒溶血素F(Haemolysin,HL)基因稳定性;对该序列一些重要位点的氨基酸进行比较,推测其功能结构及生物学活性变化;同时对该基因与M蛋白基因之间的非编码序列进行比对分析。利用RT-PCR方法扩增S191减毒株MeV23、26、27代及一株流行株YunnanLC-10的F基因,测序后进行比对分析。S191传代病毒F基因序列之间核苷酸同源性为99.8%,氨基酸同源性为99.5%～99.6%;S191疫苗株与流行株之间核苷酸序列同源性达95.2%;疫苗株与流行株1003nt的非编码区序列同源性为85.0%。S191传代病毒F基因具有较高遗传稳定性,关键功能位点氨基酸未发生传代改变;1003nt非编码区序列变异速度较快。     

DENV2海南分离株NS1全序列测定和生物信息学分析

目的:对登革病毒2型海南分离株NS1全序列进行测定和生物信息学分析,了解其系统 进化和分子流行病学特征.方法:采用RT-PCR法扩增D2-Hainan全长NS1基因,将其克隆入载 体pPIcZáB,测序,采用相关软件进行生物信息学分析.结果:获得D2-H ainan株NS1全长基 因1056bp,其序列与登革病毒2型NGC株的同源性为95%.系统进化树分析显示该毒株与登革 病毒2型China04株的亲缘关系最近.初步分析了NS1蛋白的氨基酸序列特征和二级结构.结论:登革病毒流行株存在地域性和复杂性,对D2-Hainan株NS1基因及其编 码蛋白信息特征的了解,有助于进一步研究其基因特征与病毒毒力的关系.     

H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒NS1基因的克隆及其序列分析

目的：克隆H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的NS1基因,并分析其序列特性。方法：通过RT-PCR方法克隆H5N1亚型禽流感病毒NS1基因,并对该基因片段进行测序,将此序列与数据库中不同时间、地点、宿主来源的H5N1亚型流感毒株NS1基因序列进行同源性比较。结果：获得了678bp的NS1全长基因,可编码225个氨基酸;其与毒株A／chicken／Jilin／hq／2003的同源性最高,二者的核酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为99．7％和99．1％。比对分析发现,该毒株NS1基因在第238-252位有15个核苷酸的缺失;进化树分析表明,它与1997年香港流行的H5N1亚型禽流感病毒毒株分别属于2个不同的分支。结论：克隆了一株H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的NS1基因,并初步分析了其序列特性,为进一步研究NS1基因的功能奠定了基础。     

感染CDV的犬病料N、H、F基因的克隆与序列分析

目的了解病料中犬瘟热病毒（CDV）的变异情况,为犬瘟热的预防与治疗提供理论依据。方法采用RT-PCR方法对犬病料中CDV的血凝素蛋白（H）、融合蛋白（F）和核衣壳蛋白（N）基因进行扩增,将扩增产物克隆到pGEM-T-easy载体中测序,并进行序列分析。结果测定一株CDV的H、F和N基因大小分别为1863 bp、1653 bp和2235 bp。同源性分析表明,未发现碱基的插入和缺失。该病毒的H、F和N基因分别与国内强毒株BJ080127株的H基因、GN株的F基因和HL株的N基因亲缘关系最近,氨基酸同源性分别为97.3%、97.7%和99.3%。与国外标准野毒株A75-17在核苷酸水平上同源性依次为94.4%、93.8%和97.2%,与疫苗株CDV3在核苷酸水平上同源性分别为88.5%、88.8%和93.9%。系统进化树表明该病毒与国内强毒株在同一谱系。糖基化分析显示,该病毒在F基因3～5位氨基酸处多出1个糖基化位点。结论本研究从犬病料中成功克隆了犬瘟热病毒血凝素蛋白、融合蛋白和核衣壳蛋白,在F基因中新增了一个糖基化位点,为犬瘟热的遗传变异和流行学研究提供了分子生物学依据。     

禽I型副粘病毒f基因克隆及序列分析

用RT-PCR一步法对云南省不同禽类(鸡、鸽子)3株禽I型副粘病毒F基因进行扩增和克隆,并对其f基因片段核苷酸序列进行分析,结果表明,云南省禽I型副粘病毒各毒株同源性为88.1%～94.9%,与疫苗株LaSota和强毒株F48E9的同源性为85.6%。所分离两株新城疫病毒在F蛋白裂解位点区(112～117aa)的氨基酸序列与强毒株在这一区域的序列完全相同,表明为强毒株。鸽I型副粘病毒F蛋白裂解位点区的氨基酸序列与PPMV ZQ98-1株在这一区域的序列完全相同,揭示为中强毒株。以1 662bp核苷酸绘制系统发育树,表明云南地方新城疫病毒属于基因Ⅶ型,鸽I型副粘病毒属于基因Ⅵ型。     

Phylogenetic comparison of the S3 gene of United States prototype strains of bluetongue virus with that of field isolates from California.

To better define the molecular epidemiology of bluetongue virus (BTV) infection, the genetic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of the S3 genes of the five U.S. prototype strains of BTV, the commercially available serotype 10 modified live virus vaccine, and 18 field isolates of BTV serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17 obtained in California during 1980, 1981, 1989, and 1990 were determined. With the exception of the S3 gene of the U.S. prototype strain of BTV serotype 2 (BTV 2), these viruses had an overall sequence homology of between 95 and 100%. Phylogenetic analyses segregated the prototype U.S. BTV 2 strain to a unique branch (100% bootstrap value), whereas the rest of the viruses clustered in two main monophyletic groups that were not correlated with their serotype, year of isolation, or geographical origin. The lack of consistent association between S3 gene sequence and virus serotype likely is a consequence of reassortment of BTV gene segments during natural mixed infections of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. The prototype strain of BTV 13, which is considered an introduction to the U.S. like BTV 2, presents an S3 gene which is highly homologous to those of some isolates of BTV 10 and especially to that of the vaccine strain. This finding strongly suggests that the U.S. prototype strain of BTV 13 is a natural reassortant. The different topologies of the phylogenetic trees of the L2 and S3 genes of the various viruses indicate that these two genome segments evolve independently. We conclude that the S3 gene segment of populations of BTV in California is formed by different consensus sequences which cocirculate and which cannot be grouped by serotype.     

麻疹病毒S191疫苗株N基因稳定性研究及免疫细胞表位分析

研究麻疹病毒(Measles virus,MeV)疫苗株S191毒种和传代病毒核蛋白(Nucleoprotein,N)基因稳定性及其遗传与变异特点;对该序列一些重要位点的氨基酸进行比较,探讨其功能结构及生物学活性变化以及S191疫苗株的保护效果。利用RT-PCR方法扩增S191减毒株23、26、27、29、32、37不同代次N基因,测序进行比对分析。S191传代病毒N基因序列之间核苷酸同源性99.7%~100%,氨基酸同源性为99.6%~100%;S191株与7个疫苗株之间核苷酸序列同源性达99.1%~99.4%;S191和中国流行代表株序列同源性在95.0%~95.4%;S191与世界流行代表株同源性达94.7%~99.4%;S191疫苗株和中国流行代表株CHN93/7(H1a)的4个重要T细胞表位氨基酸保持一致。S191各传代病毒基因具有较高稳定性,该疫苗有一定的保护作用。     

猪细小病毒SD-68株NS1基因的克隆与序列分析

对猪细小病毒(PPV)SD-68株NS1基因进行了克隆和序列测定,结果表明SD-68株NS1基因全长1989bp,编码662个氨基酸组成的多肽。该序列与PPV SY-99株、Kresse株、NADL-2(5075)和NADL-2(4973)株的NS1基因比较,核苷酸的同源性分别为99．9％、99．9％、99．7％、98．1％,氨基酸的同源性分别为99．7％、99．5％、99．5％、96．7％。PPV SD-68株与MVM(i)、MEV(Abashiri)、CPV、FPV、BPV3、GPVNSl的进化树分析表明：PPVSD-68株NS1与MVM(i)NS1亲缘关系最近,与BPV3 NS1的亲缘关系最远;在Thr435和Ser473位点PPV SD-68株与MVM(i)完全一致,表明Thr435和Ser473是PPV SD-68株NS1潜在的磷酸化位点。     

我国肾综合征出血热疫苗生产株LR1株的全基因组序列分析

为测定我国肾综合征出血热疫苗生产株LR1株的全基因组序列 ,了解该株分子基础 ,从提取的细胞总RNA逆转录PCR扩增 ,产物纯化后克隆T载体纯化后测序 ,结果证明 ,LR1株全基因组序列由L6 5 33、M36 16、S片段的16 92个核苷酸组成 ,依各自读码框架分别编码 2 15 1、1135、42 9个氨基酸。序列同源比较分析表明 ,LR1毒株与国外HTN型毒株高度同源 ,属同一亚型 ,尤其与HTN代表株 76 - 1183个片段同源率高达 99 3%～ 99 8% ,而与国内的HTN型病毒差异较大 ,同源率仅为 79 4%～ 84 6 %。氨基酸比较也显示了同样的结果。     

Phylogenetic analysis of clinical herpes simplex virus type 1 isolates identified three genetic groups and recombinant viruses

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous human pathogen which establishes lifelong infections. In the present study, we determined the sequence diversity of the complete genes coding for glycoproteins G (gG), I (gI), and E (gE), comprising 2.3% of the HSV-1 genome and located within the unique short (US) region, for 28 clinical HSV-1 isolates inducing oral lesions, genital lesions, or encephalitis. Laboratory strains F and KOS321 were sequenced in parallel. Phylogenetic analysis, including analysis of laboratory strain 17 (GenBank), revealed that the sequences were separated into three genetic groups. The identification of different genogroups facilitated the detection of recombinant viruses by using specific nucleotide substitutions as recombination markers. Seven of the isolates and strain 17 displayed sequences consistent with intergenic recombination, and at least four isolates were intragenic recombinants. The observed frequency of recombination based on an analysis of a short stretch of the US region suggests that most full-length HSV-1 genomes consist of a mosaic of segments from different genetic groups. Polymorphic tandem repeat regions, consisting of two to eight blocks of 21 nucleotides in the gI gene and seven to eight repeats of 3 nucleotides in the gG gene, were also detected. Laboratory strain KOS321 displayed a frameshift mutation in the gI gene with a subsequent alteration of the deduced intracellular portion of the protein. The presence of polymorphic tandem repeat regions and the different genogroup identities can be used for molecular epidemiology studies and for further detection of recombination in the HSV-1 genome.     

Noncytopathogenic pestivirus strains generated by nonhomologous RNA recombination: alterations in the NS4A/NS4B coding region

Several studies have demonstrated that cytopathogenic (cp) pestivirus strains evolve from noncytopathogenic (noncp) viruses by nonhomologous RNA recombination. In addition, two recent reports showed the rapid emergence of noncp Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) after a few cell culture passages of cp BVDV strains by homologous recombination between identical duplicated viral sequences. To allow the identification of recombination sites from noncp BVDV strains that evolve from cp viruses, we constructed the cp BVDV strains CP442 and CP552. Both harbor duplicated viral sequences of different origin flanking the cellular insertion Nedd8*; the latter is a prerequisite for their cytopathogenicity. In contrast to the previous studies, isolation of noncp strains was possible only after extensive cell culture passages of CP442 and CP552. Sequence analysis of 15 isolated noncp BVDVs confirmed that all recombinant strains lack at least most of Nedd8*. Interestingly, only one strain resulted from homologous recombination while the other 14 strains were generated by nonhomologous recombination. Accordingly, our data suggest that the extent of sequence identity between participating sequences influences both frequency and mode (homologous versus nonhomologous) of RNA recombination in pestiviruses. Further analyses of the noncp recombinant strains revealed that a duplication of 14 codons in the BVDV nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) gene does not interfere with efficient viral replication. Moreover, an insertion of viral sequences between the NS4A and NS4B genes was well tolerated. These findings thus led to the identification of two genomic loci which appear to be suited for the insertion of heterologous sequences into the genomes of pestiviruses and related viruses.     

四株不同宿主来源的Class I基因3型新城疫病毒全基因组序列测定及比较分析

为了解析基因型相同但宿主来源不同的新城疫病毒的全基因组差异。本文采用RT-PCR方法分别获得4株（JS/3/09/Ch,ZJ/3/10/Ch,AH/2/10/Du,JS/9/08/Go）Class I 基因3型病毒的全基因组核苷酸序列,并与GenBank中已公布的Class I基因3型病毒全基因组序列进行比对分析。本实验4株病毒的基因组长度均为15198bp,在基因组1607～1608位有6碱基的缺失,在2381～2382位有12碱基的插入,裂解位点为112EQ/RQE/GRL117是标准弱毒特征。5株Class I基因3型病毒之间全基因组同源性超过93%;而与Class II弱毒株同源性最低只有72.2%;比较6个结构蛋白基因的同源性,NP基因的同源性最高(98.3%～96.4%),而P基因最低(96.1%～91.9%)。结果表明不同宿主来源的Class I基因3型新城疫病毒在遗传信息方面差异不大,但NP/F/L基因的变异幅度较P/M/HN基因明显。     

Genetic analysis of type E botulinum toxin-producing Clostridium butyricum strains

Type E botulinum toxin (BoNT/E)-producing Clostridium butyricum strains isolated from botulism cases or soil specimens in Italy and China were analyzed by using nucleotide sequencing of the bont/E gene, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and Southern blot hybridization for the bont/E gene. Nucleotide sequences of the bont/E genes of 11 Chinese isolates and of the Italian strain BL 6340 were determined. The nucleotide sequences of the bont/E genes of 11 C. butyricum isolates from China were identical. The deduced amino acid sequence of BoNT/E from the Chinese isolates showed 95.0 and 96.9% identity with those of BoNT/E from C. butyricum BL 6340 and Clostridium botulinum type E, respectively. The BoNT/E-producing C. butyricum strains were divided into the following three clusters based on the results of RAPD assay, PFGE profiles of genomic DNA digested with SmaI or XhoI, and Southern blot hybridization: strains associated with infant botulism in Italy, strains associated with food-borne botulism in China, and isolates from soil specimens of the Weishan lake area in China. A DNA probe for the bont/E gene hybridized with the nondigested chromosomal DNA of all toxigenic strains tested, indicating chromosomal localization of the bont/E gene in C. butyricum. The present results suggest that BoNT/E-producing C. butyricum is clonally distributed over a vast area.