茶树冷诱导基因的AFLP筛选及其表达分析

以中小叶茶树良种舒茶早和云南大叶种73-11为材料,于4℃低温处理4 d后,采用AFLP技术筛选出冷诱导下茶树差异表达基因并进行分析.结果显示,实验共获得41个差异片段(TDFs),其中舒茶早产生19条差异条带,73-11产生38条差异条带,两品种共有条带16条.所获得的差异片段按功能可划分为4类,即信号传导蛋白、转录因子、基础代谢相关蛋白、抗逆蛋白质,此外还有一些假设蛋白质以及未知蛋白.利用qRT-PCR对Kh1、Kh3和Kh11差异片段进行验证,结果显示这3个片段均被低温诱导,表达量上升.研究表明,茶树在低温胁迫下的逆境反应非常复杂,涉及多种代谢过程中的众多基因,而且大叶种比中小叶种对低温反应更为敏感.     

用mRNA差异显示法分离冷胁迫香蕉幼苗叶片内水杨酸诱导表达的基因

用mRNA差异显示法对7℃低温胁迫3 d后的香蕉幼苗叶片进行研究,回收了18条在低温下水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)诱导的差异带;反向Northern杂交证明,SA在低温胁迫下能诱导7条差异带高表达.对其中最显著表达的两条差异带(G和A)进行克隆和测序,结果显示,G片段序列与大豆在冷胁迫环境下两个高表达基因片段的部分序列有92%同源性;A片段未发现其同源性基因片段.     

扁蓿豆冷诱导基因差异表达分析

以直立型扁蓿豆幼苗为试验材料,采用cDNA-AFLP技术分析扁蓿豆在低温胁迫诱导下的基因表达差异.结果显示,利用筛选的64对引物组合,对0℃低温处理3～5叶期扁蓿豆幼苗的叶片cDNA进行扩增,共获得549条差异表达的转录衍生片段(TDFs).选取上调表达较好的43条片段进行克隆、测序、Blastx比对和功能分析,其中32个TDFs的蛋白序列与基础代谢、信号转导、转录因子、防御等功能有关,11个TDFs为假设蛋白、未知蛋白或没有找到一致序列.利用荧光定量PCR对3种不同上调表达差异片段进行验证,结果可从数值上更准确地显示差异片段在低温胁迫过程中的相对表达量.     

玉米对二氧化硫胁迫响应的相关cDNA克隆与分析

应用mRNA差异显示技术,对高耐SO2玉米自交系Q9进行了SO2胁迫下的基因差异表达分析.结果显示,30对引物组合进行的PCR扩增中,获得了13条差异表达的cDNA片段,其中3条诱导表达,2条增强表达,6条减量表达,2条抑制表达.序列分析和数据库比对表明,GenBank中只搜寻到5条cDNA序列,其中2条增强表达的cDNA片段D1和D5分别与氨基酸结合蛋白ABP、锌指结构转录因子蛋白DOF部分序列高度同源,其他诱导表达的3条cDNA(D3、D6、D11)功能未知,可能是新的cDNA片段.经半定量RT-PCR分析验证,D1和D5转录水平受SO2胁迫表达显著增强,推测D1和D5可能参与了玉米对SO2胁迫的抗性反应.     

棉花脱水应答元件(DRE)结合蛋白GhDBP1的原核表达、纯化及其DNA结合活性

棉花是一种重要的经济作物,其生产和产量要受到干旱、低温和高盐等环境胁迫的影响,因此提高棉花对这些胁迫的抗性非常重要.脱水应答元件(DRE-dehydrationresponsiveelement)结合蛋白(DBP)在调节植物对环境胁迫的抗性中起到非常重要的作用.而且过量表达DBP类基因的转基因植株能够很好抵抗这些环境胁迫,所以研究棉花中此类DRE元件结合蛋白对棉花生产有非常重要的意义.在以前的工作中,从棉花中分离一个DBP基因,命名为GhDBP1并在转录水平上分析它在棉花植株中的表达特征.在研究中,报道了GhDBP1的原核表达、纯化和它的DNA结合特性.GhDBP1基因的编码区用PCR技术扩增出来插入到原核表达载体pET28a中,并转化到大肠杆菌菌株BL21(DE3)中.经过IPTG诱导,GhDBP1融合蛋白在BL21(DE3)菌株中成功进行表达.利用Ni-NTA亲和层析技术得到了纯化的融合蛋白.在非同位素的凝胶滞留实验中,纯化的GhDBP1融合蛋白能够结合到含有DRE元件的DNA片段上.另外,用SWISS-MODEL软件对GhDBP1蛋白的DNA结合区的三维结构进行了计算机模拟.模拟的结果显示,GhDBP1蛋白的DNA结合区的主链结构和折叠模式与已知的拟南芥GCC盒结合蛋白AtERF1的DNA结合区结构很相似.这些结果显示了GhDBP1是一个脱水应答元件(DRE)结合的转录因子,并可能运用与AtERF1的DNA结合区相似的结构和它的目标序列脱水应答元件(DRE)相结合.     

食管癌细胞NGAL5′侧翼区存在TPA应答元件

在TPA诱导永生化食管上皮细胞癌变中,NGAL(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin)过表达,提示食管癌细胞NGAL转录调控区可能存在TPA应答元件.为了对食管癌细胞NGAL的这一TPA应答元件进行分段定位鉴定,首先将NGAL5′侧翼区不同长度片段-1 431~ 84-、1 137~ 84、-945~ 84、-657~ 84、-416~ 84和-152~ 84等依次插入质粒pGLP,构建NGAL/pGLP系列报告基因荧光素酶表达载体pGLP-1431、pGLP-1137、pGLP-945、pGLP-657、pGLP-416和pGLP-152;然后将上述质粒分别同pRL-TK共转染食管癌细胞EC109,最后用5 ng/ml的TPA刺激转染的EC109,检测报告基因荧光素酶活力,综合判定报告基因荧光素酶活力变化趋势,并以此对食管癌细胞NGAL5′侧翼区TPA应答元件进行分段定位.实验结果表明,食管癌细胞NGAL5′侧翼-657~-417区段内存在着较强的TPA应答元件.生物信息学分析显示,NGAL5′侧翼-657~-417区段至少存在3个潜在的TPA应答元件,表明有应答TPA刺激的结构基础.这些研究有助于从分子水平揭示TPA诱导永生化食管上皮细胞癌变中NGAL基因过表达机制.     

玉米钼辅助因子硫酸化酶基因启动子的克隆与功能验证

为克服组成型启动子启动外源基因过量表达引起的诸多问题,同源克隆(Mo-molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase)基因（ABA3）的启动子(ABA3s)序列,并用PlantCARE软件分析其非生物逆境应答元件, 实时定量PCR检测ABA3基因在非生物逆境诱导下的差异表达后。然后,用该启动子构建启动GUS（β-glucuronidase）基因的表达载体, 基因枪法转化玉米愈伤组织。经组织化学染色法检测其表达后, 在高渗、高盐、低温胁迫处理及ABA诱导下检测GUS酶荧光值与荧光素酶(内参)发光值的比值(GUS/LUC), 以此评价ABA3s启动子在非生物逆境胁迫下的启动活性。结果表明, ABA3基因在模拟干旱、低温、高温、高盐胁迫及ABA、乙稀诱导下差异表达, 说明该基因的启动子(ABA3s)具有非生物逆境诱导活性。序列分析表明, ABA3s启动子全长777 bp, 含有ARE、HSE、MBS、TGA、Circadian等多种非生物逆境胁迫应答元件。用ABA3s启动GUS基因构建的表达载体转化的玉米愈伤组织, 响应干旱、低温、高温、高盐胁迫等多种非生物逆境胁迫, 及ABA和乙稀诱导, GUS检测呈阳性。在8%甘露醇高渗条件下, GUS/LUC比值比空白对照高6倍。上述结果表明, ABA3s启动子具有非生物逆境诱导特性, 经进一步验证其功能后, 可用于玉米抗逆转基因研究。     

荔枝古树胚性愈伤组织LcCu/Zn-SOD3基因启动子的克隆及功能验证

以荔枝古树"宋荔"胚性愈伤组织为材料,采用接头染色体步移法,分离获得LcCu/Zn-SOD3启动子片段长度为1 426bp,命名为ProLcCSD3(GenBank登录号:KF672186.1)。生物信息学分析表明,该启动子含有多个逆境应答元件、激素应答元件、胚乳特异表达元件,且可能受WRKY和MYB等转录因子调控。通过双酶切方法,以ProLcCSD3替换载体pCAMBIA1301上的CaMv35S启动子,构建了重组质粒p1301-proLcCSD3-GUS,并成功转化农杆菌EHA105和GV3101。注射烟草的瞬时表达分析表明,该启动子片段可以驱动下游报告基因表达。转化拟南芥分析表明,该启动子驱动的下游GUS可以在拟南芥的根、茎、叶中表达,且可响应NaCl、PEG-6000、ABA、MeJA和损伤等非生物胁迫。研究表明,荔枝古树LcCu/Zn-SOD3可能参与多种非生物胁迫应答和激素信号转导途径。     

玉米ZmNAC99基因的克隆及干旱诱导表达分析

以不同抗旱性玉米自交系为材料,克隆得到玉米ZmNAC99基因的gDNA序列和cDNA序列,并对其进行了初步的生物信息学分析,同时结合RT-PCR和qRT-PCR技术对其在不同干旱程度下的表达模式进行了分析。结果显示:(1)ZmNAC99基因的gDNA长1 892~1 908bp,cDNA长1 188bp,共编码395个氨基酸,其N-端具有保守的NAM结构域;系统进化分析表明推断的ZmNAC99蛋白属于NAC家族中的OsNAC3亚类。(2)RT-PCR和qRT-PCR分析表明,干旱胁迫诱导下ZmNAC99表达上调;顺式元件分析进一步揭示了ZmNAC99基因的推断启动子包含2个干旱应答顺式元件MBS和1个低温应答元件LTR。(3)不同抗旱性玉米自交系来源的ZmNAC99推断氨基酸序列存在4个氨基酸突变,推测其结构差异对玉米抗旱性可能产生一定影响。研究表明,ZmNAC99可能在植物的抗逆过程发挥作用。     

高粱幼苗水分胁迫诱导表达差异cDNA的研究

以高粱为试验材料,用-0．7MPa的PEG-6000高渗溶液对其幼苗进行水分胁迫处理,利用mRNA差异显示技术分离得到53条高粱水分胁迫诱导表达的cDNA片段,其中包括5个完全诱导表达片段,43个上调片段和5个下调表达片段。经过Reverse Northern验证,筛选出13个差异表达的cDNA片段,并进行克隆测序。经GenBank查询,10个片段序列与已知序列有较高的同源性,3个片段同源性非常低,可能为新基因。     

外加紫杉醇对悬浮培养东北红豆杉细胞的诱导效应

研究表明外加紫杉醇能够诱导悬浮培养的东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata)细胞总DNA发生梯带化降解。利用mRNA差异显示技术比较了紫杉醇诱导凋亡与不诱导凋亡的东北红豆杉细胞基因表达的差异,得到了8个特异表达的cDNA克隆,经Northern杂交证实其中3个在不发生凋亡的细胞中表达,5个在凋亡的细胞中表达。对这8个cDNA克隆单向序列测定后,与GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ中同源序列进行了比较,结果表明：1个cDNA片段与拟南芥中ABA应答蛋白基因的保守区有86%的同源性;2个cDNA片段与番茄内切壳聚糖酶前体基因的保守区有50%的同源性;其他5个cDNA片段无明显的同源基因,可能是新基因。     

Use of differential display for the identification of touch-induced genes from an ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis mutant and partial characterization of these genes

Touch has been shown to affect plant growth and development and ethylene has been shown to have similar effects. However, the mechanisms responsible for touch-induced responses remain unclear. Differential display PCR was used to identify touch-regulated genes from 3-week-light-grown ethylene-insensitive etr1-3 Arabidopsis (Columbia ecotype) mutant plants. The differential display PCR screening process yielded 32 cDNA fragments. Subsequent screening of the 32 fragments using northern analysis yielded three touch-inducible clones (A8A, G5A and G7F). These three cDNA were then used to screen a cDNA library. A 1.2 kb fragment for OPR3 was obtained from A8A screenings. This cDNA fragment encodes 12-oxophytodienoate-10, 11-reductase (OPR), an enzyme in the jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway. OPR3 was found to be induced by touch, wounding, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), NaCl and CaCl₂ while ethylene and darkness had no effect. A 2 kb cDNA encoding a calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK32) was obtained with G5A screenings. CDPK32 was shown to be induced by touch, wounding, NaCl and darkness while ethylene and MeJA had little or no effect. A 1.4 kb cDNA encoding a novel protein was recovered from the cDNA library screenings with a G7F fragment. This cDNA had some sequence similarity to GDA1 and was designated GDL for GDA1-like cDNA. GDL was activated by touch, wounding, MeJA, NaCl and CaCl₂ while there was no induction with ethylene and darkness. Using differential display PCR we have successfully been able to identify three clones that are inducible by touch and not by ethylene.     

小麦苗期水分胁迫诱导差异表达cDNA的研究

以小麦幼苗为材料 ,采用mRNA差异显示方法和银染技术 ,对经过用 16 % (- 0 .5MPa)PEG - 6 0 0 0溶液处理不同时间而诱导表达的小麦基因进行分离 ,共得到cDNA差异片段 5 2条。经ReverseNorthern验证 ,检出阳性表达片段 15个 ,克隆并测序。经GenBank查询 ,11个片段序列与已知序列有较高的同源性 ,4个片段同源性非常低 ,可能为新基因。     

A novel WD40 protein,BnSWD1, is involved in salt stress in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis>

Genes that are expressed early in specific response to high salinity conditions were isolated from rapeseed plant (Brassica napus L.) using an mRNA differential display method. Five PCR fragments (DD1–5) were isolated that were induced by, but showed different response kinetics to, 200 mM NaCl. Nucleotide sequence analysis and homology search revealed that the deduced amino sequences of three of the five cDNA fragments showed considerable similarity to those of β-mannosidase (DD1), tomato Pti-6 proteins (DD5), and the tobacco harpin-induced protein hin1 (DD4), respectively. In contrast, the remaining clones, DD3 and DD2, did not correspond to any substantial existing annotation. Using the DD3 fragment as a probe, we isolated a full-length cDNA clone from the cDNA library, which we termed BnSWD1 (Brassica napus salt responsive WD40 1). The predicted amino-acid sequence of BnSWD1 contains eight WD40 repeats and is conserved in all eukaryotes. Notably, the BnSWD1 gene is expressed at high levels under salt-stress conditions. Furthermore, we found that BnSWD1 was upregulated after treatment with abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate. Our study suggests that BnSWD1, which is a novel WD40 repeat-containing protein, has a function in salt-stress responses in plants, possibly via abscisic acid-dependent and/or -independent signaling pathways.     

差异显示法分离赤霉素调控的水稻(Oryza sativa)cDNA(英文)

赤霉素(gibberellins)是植物生长发育过程中一类重要的调节激素。本文运用反转录和聚合酶链式反应建立了一套旨在分离差异表达cDNA的差异显示方法。以籼稻珍汕97 B为材料,将赤霉素GA_3处理后的苗期水稻与对照的cDNA片段进行比较,鉴定了15个差异cDNA,并将它们从测序胶中回收和再次扩增获得差异表达的cDNA;用其中一个差异cDNA片段DDF1为探针的Southern和northern杂交证实,DDF1所对应的基因是一个单拷贝基因,可被高浓度的GA_3诱导并获得高水平表达。     

cDNAs induced by ozone from Atriplex canescens (saltbush) and their response to sulfur dioxide and water-deficit

Ozone effects on plant water relations have been reported to be similar to those of water-deficit. The objective was to identify ozone-inducible (OI) clones from Atriplex canescens (saltbush) and determine if they were also responsive to water-deficit as well as SO₂. cDNA clones derived from four different polyA RNAs which accumulate in 8-month-old shrub leaves exposed to ozone (0.2 μl I⁻¹, 6 h day⁻¹, 7 days) were isolated by differential screening, analyzed by northern blots, sequenced, and gene product homologies with other plant genes were determined. Clone OI12A-3 has homology with wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors, whereas clone OI8–3 protein is homologous to thiol proteases. Clones OI2–2 and OI14–3 putatively code for glycine-rich proteins with repeated motifs (Gly-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Gly-His)_n and putative cell-wall-targeting signal peptides. Clone OI2–2 and particularly clone OI14–3 were also induced by both SO₂ and water-deficit. These data indicate that woody plant genes associated with cell wall protein production and whose expression is induced by several stress factors may be responding to common oxidative stress pathways.