植物乙醇提取物对美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌的影响

本文研究了马缨丹Lantana camara、飞机草Chromolaena odorata和蟛蜞菊Wedeliachinensis乙醇提取物以及机油乳剂对美洲斑潜蝇两种主要寄生蜂底比斯釉姬小蜂Chrysochairis pentheus((Walker)和丽潜蝇姬小蜂Neuchrysocharis formosa(Westwood)的影响,研究结果表明:供试的三种植物乙醇提取物对美洲斑潜蝇上述两种寄生蜂的成、幼蜂无毒杀作用,对底比斯釉姬小蜂和丽潜蝇姬小蜂的寄生行为均无影响.     

美洲斑潜蝇幼虫寄生蜂两种

本文报道美洲斑潜蝇幼虫寄生蜂两种,分别为丽潜蝇姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa(Westwood)、横柄金色潜蝇姬小蜂Chrysocharis crassiscapus(Thomson),前者为当地美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌的优势种.     

蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究(Ⅲ)--金小蜂科Pteromalidae和大痣细蜂科Megaspilidae

本文报道蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂的姬小蜂科 Eulophidae的羽角姬小蜂亚科 Eulophinae和狭面姬小蜂亚科 Elachetinae5属 8种寄生蜂。其中豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂 Diglyphus isaea是蔬菜潜叶蝇寄生蜂优势种。寄主主要是豌豆彩潜蝇、美洲斑潜蝇和葱斑潜蝇等的幼虫和蛹。植物寄主涉及各种蔬菜作物。兰克瑟姬小蜂 Cirrospiluslyncus Walker为中国新记录种 ,另有 5个寄主新记录     

寄生蜂对美洲斑潜蝇自然种群控制作用的评价

应用作用因子生命表方法以及在此基础上提出的排除作用控制指数法评价了寄生蜂对美洲班潜蝇自然种群的控制作用,结果表明,底比斯釉姬小蜂,丽潜蝇姬小蜂,冈崎釉姬小蜂,异角姬小蜂,黄潜蝇姬小蜂,甘蓝潜潜蝇茧蜂和离潜蝇的种群数量将比原各群增长1．23,2．73,5．98,5．92和5．71倍,在春季菜豆,豇豆,丝瓜和黄瓜上第2代美洲斑潜蝇中,若排除寄生蜂作用因子后,美洲斑潜蝇在上述4种蔬菜上的种群数量将分别多增长2．73,2．87,2．24和1．89倍,寄生蜂对美洲班潜蝇3龄幼虫的控制作用大于1龄,2龄幼虫和蛹的控制作用;春季美洲斑潜连续世代中,第1,2代寄生蜂的控制作用较第3,4,5代低,寄生蜂有菜豆和豇豆上的控制作用比在丝瓜和黄瓜上高。     

蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究（Ⅰ）——羽角姬小蜂亚科Eulophinae和狭面姬小蜂亚科Elachetinae

本文报道蔬菜地潜叶绳寄生蜂的姬小蜂科Eulophidae的羽角姬小蜂亚科Eulophinae和猜面姬小蜂亚科Elachetinae5属8种寄生蜂。其中豌豆潜绳姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea是蔬菜潜叶蝇寄生蜂优势种。寄主主要是豌豆彩潜绳、美洲斑潜蝇和葱斑潜蝇等的幼虫和蛹。植物寄主涉及各种蔬菜作物。兰克瑟姬小蜂Cirrospilus lyncus Walker为中国新记录种,另有5个寄主新记录。     

山东省泰安地区美洲斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂消长规律的研究

近3年以来,笔者对山东省美洲斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂种群的季节性消长规律进行了研究.结果表明,美洲斑潜蝇在泰安灌庄菜区露地栽培蔬菜上于7月中旬、8月中旬至9月中旬出现两个发生高峰,寄生蜂的种群高峰则在7月下旬和9月末.春末夏初以异角姬小蜂Hemiptarsenus varicornis(Girault)为主,随着时间推移,逐渐以丽潜蝇姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa Westwood和绿凹面姬小蜂Chrysochauis pentheus(Ualker)为主.在寄生蜂发生盛期,应注意保护利用.     

美洲斑潜蝇外寄生蜂——贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂研究进展

贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂是为害多种农作物的几种潜叶蝇类害虫的重要寄生蜂.作为一种重要生物防治因子,在北美和西欧的一些国家和地区已经进行商品化生产,用来防治蔬菜及观赏性花卉上的美洲斑潜蝇和三叶草斑潜蝇.为了对其有一个较全面的了解,本文详细的论述了贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂的寄主范围,生物学,饲养繁殖及化学杀虫剂对其影响的进展.     

蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究(II)——凹面姬小蜂亚科Entedontinae和啮小蜂亚科Tetrastichinae

本文报道姬小蜂科 Eulophidae的凹面姬小蜂亚科 Entedontinae和啮小蜂亚科 Tetrastichinae的 6属 10种蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂。底比斯釉姬小蜂 Chrysocharis p entheus Walker、美丽新姬小蜂 N eochrysocharisformosa(Westwood)和潜蝇纹翅姬小蜂 Teleopterus erxias(Walker)是蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生性小蜂的 3个优势种。曼丹啮小蜂 Tetrastichus mandanis(Walker)和卡拉啮小蜂 Tetrastichuschara Kostjukov为中国新记录种。另有寄生蜂的 2个寄主新记录。     

补充非寄主食物对芙新姬小蜂和潜蝇姬小蜂控害行为权衡的影响

芙新姬小蜂和潜蝇姬小蜂均为强卵育型(synovigenic)寄生蜂,成虫具有产卵寄生致死、寄主取食致死和寄主叮蛰直接致死3种寄主致死行为。为了明确成虫补充非寄主食物营养对2种姬小蜂控害潜力/控害行为的影响,本文比较研究了分别提供寄主食物和寄主食物+非寄主食物(10%葡萄糖)条件下的2种姬小蜂在初羽化前期(前6 d)内对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的致死行为的影响。结果显示:在仅提供寄主食物时,芙新姬小蜂的寄生、取食和总体致死量均显著的高于潜蝇姬小蜂,但是直接致死能力却弱于后者;补充非寄主食物和仅提供寄主食物处理相比,两种寄生蜂的寄生量,取食量和总致死量均呈下降趋势。该研究显示:在初羽化前期,取食寄主食物的雌蜂比取食寄主食物+葡萄糖的雌蜂具有更强的致死能力。     

潜蝇姬小蜂属寄生蜂对潜叶蝇的控害特性及应用

潜蝇姬小蜂属Diglyphus寄生蜂是潜叶蝇类害虫的重要天敌。本文对其种类、 分布、 田间发生和优势度、 优势种的控害特性和生态适应性, 以及优势种的人工繁殖和田间应用等进行总结和展望, 以期为更好地应用该属寄生蜂防控我国潜叶蝇的研究和应用提供指导。迄今已鉴定该属寄生蜂36种, 全为抑性外寄生蜂, 其中针对豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂D. isaea、 贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂D. begini和中带潜蝇姬小蜂D. intermedius的研究较多。雌蜂不仅可通过繁殖型的寄生方式而且还可通过非繁殖型方式（取食寄主和产卵器插入直接杀死）致死寄主。雌蜂偏好寄生大个体寄主和取食相对较小个体的寄主, 且雌蜂对寄主幼虫的偏好具有“寄主大小依赖型性别分配”现象（host-size-dependent sex allocation）。从温度适应范围和控害潜力首推为豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂。优势种的规模饲养技术已经被研发并得到了较广泛的田间应用。未来研究可主要集中于： （1）加强优势种尤其是温度适应范围广或较为耐热的种群或地理品系的研究, 以增加对三叶草斑潜蝇Liriomyza trifolii和美洲斑潜蝇L. sativae的控效; （2）加强雌蜂寄主取食行为特性及其生理机制的研究, 以更高效利用; （3）因地制宜研发规模化饲养技术和释放技术; （4）加强潜蝇姬小蜂同其他潜叶蝇寄生蜂的协同控害及竞争共存机制的研究, 已提升对潜叶蝇的生防控制效果。     

江苏地区三叶斑潜蝇和美洲斑潜蝇的发生危害及种群动态

【目的】三叶斑潜蝇Liriomyza trifolii和美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae是一类危害蔬菜、花卉的世界性害虫,也是我国重要的外来入侵害虫。了解其发生危害特征,可为这两种斑潜蝇的防治提供科学依据。【方法】于2015年对江苏地区的两种斑潜蝇的发生分布、危害程度以及在扬州地区的发生动态进行了调查,采集含有潜道的叶片,待蛹羽化为成虫后鉴定斑潜蝇种类,同时统计叶片上的潜道数量划分危害等级。【结果】美洲斑潜蝇主要在苏北地区发生危害,三叶斑潜蝇主要在苏南、苏中地区发生危害;两种斑潜蝇在江苏地区的发生危害程度均未超过3级。在扬州地区的蔬菜上仅调查到三叶斑潜蝇的危害,其危害的寄主植物有6科、12种,主要包括茄科、豆科、葫芦科、十字花科的蔬菜。三叶斑潜蝇的发生危害从3月开始,11月结束,全年有3个发生危害高峰,其中在7月下旬至8月初的发生危害最重。【结论】两种斑潜蝇在江苏地区的种类分布呈现出明显的地理差异,同时扬州地区三叶斑潜蝇的虫口密度随寄主和时间不同呈现的明显,因此生产上需加强对斑潜蝇发生危害进行监测,并指导斑潜蝇防治。     

甘肃白银地区潜叶蝇及其寄生蜂的组成和发生调查

【目的】明确严重危害甘肃省白银地区作物的潜叶蝇及天敌寄生蜂的多样性和种群组成。【方法】采用五点取样法田间调查潜叶蝇危害的蔬菜、花卉、杂草并采样,室内对潜叶蝇及其寄生蜂进行形态鉴定和分子鉴定。【结果】在2016-2020年在甘肃白银地区采集的样本中发现6种常见潜叶蝇,包括本地种豌豆彩潜蝇Chromatomyia horticola和葱斑潜蝇Liriomyza chinensis,入侵种南美斑潜蝇L. huidobrensis、三叶草斑潜蝇L. trifolii、番茄斑潜蝇L. bryoniae和美洲斑潜蝇L. sativae。其中,豌豆彩潜蝇为优势种,可危害多科寄主植物;葱斑潜蝇仅在大葱上发现危害;南美斑潜蝇在温室内的蔬菜上发生严重;三叶草斑潜蝇首次在白银市发现;番茄斑潜蝇与美洲斑潜蝇的危害相对较轻。此外,调查的潜叶蝇寄生蜂包括3科12属24种,优势种包括豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea、芙新姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa、万氏潜蝇姬小蜂D. wani和西伯利亚离颚茧蜂Dacnusa sibirica。【结论】一方面白银市应加强监测和预警入侵性潜叶蝇的发生,另一方面白银市潜叶蝇的天敌寄生蜂种类丰富,对田间主要危害的潜叶蝇可能发挥着重要的自然防控作用,建议保护利用本地寄生蜂天敌。     

Species displacements are common to two invasive species of leafminer fly in China, Japan, and the United States

Under field conditions, species displacements have occurred in different directions between the same invasive species of leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) was displaced by L. trifolii (Burgess) in the western United States, with evidence suggesting that lower insecticide susceptibility of L. trifolii is a factor. However, in Japan, the opposite has occurred, as L. trifolii was recently displaced by L. sativae. This displacement is probably because of the higher fecundity of L. sativae and differential effects of parasitoids on the two leafminer species. Here, we carried out long-term surveys of these same two invasive leafminer species during January through March in 1999, 2007, and 2011, as well as June through July in 2011, in eight locations (Sanya, Dongfang, Haikou, Leidong, Lingshui, Wuzhisan, Qionghai, and Danzhou) across Hainan Island of southern China. Our results indicate that, between 2007 and 2011, L. trifolii rapidly replaced L. sativae as the predominant leafminer of vegetables on Hainan Island, similar to the situation in the western United States. Further surveys of growers revealed that avermectins and cyromazine are the two most frequently used insecticides against leafminers on Hainan Island. Dose-mortality tests showed that L. trifolii populations from Hainan Island are less susceptible to avermectins and cyromazine compared with L. sativae populations. This lower insecticide susceptibility of L. trifolii may be associated with the displacement of L. sativae by L. trifolii, although additional ecological or environmental factors cannot be ruled out.     

美洲斑潜蝇及其寄生性天敌的生态位

通过调查美洲斑潜蝇及其主要寄生性天敌冈崎姬小蜂Neochrysoclaris okazakii Kamijo,芙新姬小蜂Neochrysoclaris formosa Westood和攀金姬小蜂Chrysocharis petheus Walker的时间和空间生态位,测定出生态位宽度,重叠和比例相似性,在生态位测定的基础上,按生态位的理论观点,探讨了寄生性天敌在美洲斑潜蝇综合治理中的控制作用。     

两种外来斑潜蝇实验种群生物学特征比较

美洲斑潜蝇LiriomyzasativaeBlanchard和南美斑潜蝇Liriomyzahuidobrensis(Blanchard)是我国的2种重要入侵性害虫。本实验室在标准化流程下饲养了48(L.huidobrensis)-160(L.sativae)个世代的稳定实验种群。美洲斑潜蝇的实验种群需要较大的繁殖规模(>100对)才能保持群体的稳定性。2种斑潜蝇4个发育阶段的形态特征和幼虫为害特征差别明显。南美斑潜蝇的发育历期比美洲斑潜蝇长,总产卵量低于美洲斑潜蝇,但产卵历期明显长于美洲斑潜蝇。这可能是南美斑潜蝇较之容易繁殖的重要原因。该实验种群的建立为物种驯化、寄主选择性、抗性筛选及其它生理学、生态学等诸多研究打下基础。     

三叶斑潜蝇发生特点研究

2007—2009年在浙江杭州对三叶斑潜蝇的发生情况进行了调查。结果表明,在杭州地区范围内该虫的分布已很广,与其他斑潜蝇混合发生。春夏季以美洲斑潜蝇为害为主,6月是为害盛期。秋冬季为多种斑潜蝇混合为害,9月是混发盛期,期间以三叶斑潜蝇为害占多数。目前查到有13种寄主作物受三叶斑潜蝇为害。     

菜豆田两种潜叶蝇和主要天敌生态位研究

从生态位研究角度出发 ,采用 Hurlbert( 1978)生态位重叠和 L evins( 1968)生态位宽度指标 ,对严重危害菜豆的两种潜叶蝇 :美洲斑潜蝇 L iriomyza sativae Blanchard和豌豆潜叶蝇 Phytomyza atricor-nis Meig与主要天敌在时间和空间维度上的生态位重叠和生态位宽度作了定量分析。评价了天敌对猎物的时间及空间跟随作用和控制效果。研究表明 :寄生蜂、蜘蛛、龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫对豌豆潜叶蝇有较强的跟随作用和控制效果     

Host plant-related parasitism and host feeding activities of Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae, and Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Host plant species can affect the behavior and attributes of parasitoids, such as host searching, oviposition, and offspring fitness. In this study, parasitism, host feeding, and sex ratios of Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae reared on Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L., Solanum lycopersicum L., and Vicia faba L. were determined. In no-choice tests, L. huidobrensis had the highest rate of parasitism when reared on P. vulgaris (46%), L. sativae when reared on V. faba (59%) and P. vulgaris (59%), and L. trifolii when reared on S. lycopersicum (68%). Host feeding in no-choice tests ranged between 2% and 36% and was highest on L. trifolii reared on V. faba. Results of choice tests showed a significant interaction effect for host plant and Liriomyza species on parasitism and host feeding. Within plant mixtures, L. sativae reared on P. vulgaris had the highest rate of parasitism (31%), followed by L. trifolii on S. lycopersicum (29%) and L. huidobrensis on V. faba (28%). Host feeding was highest on L. trifolii reared on S. lycopersicum (14%) and lowest on L. huidobrensis reared on P. sativum and S. lycopersicum (1%). In some instances, plant mixtures resulted in a higher proportion of females of D. isaea than single plant species. The highest proportion of females was obtained in plant mixtures on L. huidobrensis and L. trifolii on V. faba (71 and 72%, respectively). This study suggests that planting crop mixtures can potentially lead to higher proportions of females, thus improving parasitism and host feeding, depending on Liriomyza and host plant species.     

Species composition and population dynamics of leafmining flies and their parasitoids in Victoria

Abstract  Mined leaves were sampled from unsprayed sites in Victoria to record the range of leafminers and their parasitoids. Three agromyzid leafminers, Liriomyza brassicae (Riley), Liriomyza chenopodii (Watt) and Chromatomyia syngenesiae Hardy, and one drosophilid leafminer, Scaptomyza flava (Fallén), were collected, along with 15 parasitoids, mainly Eulophidae. The most common parasitoids were Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) (42.5%), Diglyphus isaea (Walker), 14.6%, Closterocerus mirabilis Edwards & La Salle (10.5%), and Opius cinerariae Fisher (8.5%). Most parasitoids were collected from two or more leafminer hosts. Weekly collections from Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa var. pekinensis ) infested with L. brassicae and S. flava , and beetroot ( Beta vulgaris var. crassa ) infested with L. chenopodii were made over two seasons at Knoxfield, Victoria to assess the relative impact of these parasitoids on agromyzid fly populations in crops. A further two parasitoid species were identified at low densities. Hemiptarsenus varicornis and D. isaea were the most numerous parasitoids collected in both crops. A different sampling method in the second year showed that O. cinerariae made up 25% of the sample from Chinese cabbage and was probably more common than estimated in the first season. Control exerted by local parasitoids was high, with 100% control of L. chenopodii reached in beets within 1–3 weeks of mines appearing and 100% control of L. brassicae within 6 weeks.