美洲斑潜蝇幼虫寄生蜂两种

本文报道美洲斑潜蝇幼虫寄生蜂两种,分别为丽潜蝇姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa(Westwood)、横柄金色潜蝇姬小蜂Chrysocharis crassiscapus(Thomson),前者为当地美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌的优势种.     

两种斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂空间生态位的研究

三叶斑潜蝇和美洲斑潜蝇是广东地区发生和危害比较严重的两种蔬菜潜叶蝇,通过对两种斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂空间生态位的调查研究表明,发现两种斑潜蝇的生态位宽度受寄主影响各有不同,与其寄生蜂的生态位重叠值较小。底比斯釉姬小蜂Chysocharis pentheus(Walker)、冈崎灿姬小蜂Chysonotomyia okazakii(Kamijo)和丽灿姬小蜂Chysonotomyia formosa(Westwood)生态位宽度值相近且均高于其它寄生蜂,分布较其它三种寄生蜂广,三种寄生蜂对斑潜蝇的寄生跟随作用较强;甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂Opius dimidiatus(Ashmead)、黄潜蝇釉姬小蜂Chysocharis oscinidis Ashmead和异角亨姬小蜂Hemiptarenus varicornis(Girault)的时间生态位宽度值(B’i)均小于0.1,在大田中发生的跨度范围很窄,具有季节集中性。三叶斑潜蝇和美洲斑潜蝇的种间竞争,表现在对寄主资源的占有和掠夺上具有一定的竞争性,这也是田间三叶斑潜蝇种群数量一直高于美洲斑潜蝇的主要原因之一。     

冈崎姬小蜂生物学特性研究

通过对福州城郊田间周年调查,发现在美洲斑潜蝇（Ｌｉｒｉｏｍｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａｅ Ｂｌａｎｃｈａｒｄ）寄生性天敌中,冈崎姬小蜂（Ｎｅｏｃｈｒｙｓｏｃｈａｒｉｓ ｏｋａｚａｋｉｉ Ｋａｍｉｊｏ）是主要优势种。本对冈崎姬小蜂的生物学特性进行了研究,包括交配、取食、寄生、羽化、趋性、性比、越冬、不同营养条件及不同光照时数对成蜂寿命的影响,以及各虫态历期。     

寄生性天敌对美洲斑潜蝇种群控制作用评价

组建了美洲斑潜蝇自然种群生命表,在此基础上应用排除控制指数分析方法,分析了寄生性天敌对美洲斑潜蝇自然种群的控制作用。结果表明,美洲斑潜蝇在秋季花前期菜豆上种群趋势指数为５．６１;寄生性天敌的寄生是影响美洲斑潜蝇自然种群数量增长的重要因子;若排除寄生性天敌的作用,其种群密度将增长为原来的２．４７６倍。     

植物乙醇提取物对美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌的影响

本文研究了马缨丹Lantana camara、飞机草Chromolaena odorata和蟛蜞菊Wedeliachinensis乙醇提取物以及机油乳剂对美洲斑潜蝇两种主要寄生蜂底比斯釉姬小蜂Chrysochairis pentheus((Walker)和丽潜蝇姬小蜂Neuchrysocharis formosa(Westwood)的影响,研究结果表明:供试的三种植物乙醇提取物对美洲斑潜蝇上述两种寄生蜂的成、幼蜂无毒杀作用,对底比斯釉姬小蜂和丽潜蝇姬小蜂的寄生行为均无影响.     

蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究(Ⅲ)--金小蜂科Pteromalidae和大痣细蜂科Megaspilidae

本文报道蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂的姬小蜂科 Eulophidae的羽角姬小蜂亚科 Eulophinae和狭面姬小蜂亚科 Elachetinae5属 8种寄生蜂。其中豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂 Diglyphus isaea是蔬菜潜叶蝇寄生蜂优势种。寄主主要是豌豆彩潜蝇、美洲斑潜蝇和葱斑潜蝇等的幼虫和蛹。植物寄主涉及各种蔬菜作物。兰克瑟姬小蜂 Cirrospiluslyncus Walker为中国新记录种 ,另有 5个寄主新记录     

蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究（Ⅰ）——羽角姬小蜂亚科Eulophinae和狭面姬小蜂亚科Elachetinae

本文报道蔬菜地潜叶绳寄生蜂的姬小蜂科Eulophidae的羽角姬小蜂亚科Eulophinae和猜面姬小蜂亚科Elachetinae5属8种寄生蜂。其中豌豆潜绳姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea是蔬菜潜叶蝇寄生蜂优势种。寄主主要是豌豆彩潜绳、美洲斑潜蝇和葱斑潜蝇等的幼虫和蛹。植物寄主涉及各种蔬菜作物。兰克瑟姬小蜂Cirrospilus lyncus Walker为中国新记录种,另有5个寄主新记录。     

山东省泰安地区美洲斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂消长规律的研究

近3年以来,笔者对山东省美洲斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂种群的季节性消长规律进行了研究.结果表明,美洲斑潜蝇在泰安灌庄菜区露地栽培蔬菜上于7月中旬、8月中旬至9月中旬出现两个发生高峰,寄生蜂的种群高峰则在7月下旬和9月末.春末夏初以异角姬小蜂Hemiptarsenus varicornis(Girault)为主,随着时间推移,逐渐以丽潜蝇姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa Westwood和绿凹面姬小蜂Chrysochauis pentheus(Ualker)为主.在寄生蜂发生盛期,应注意保护利用.     

甘肃白银地区潜叶蝇及其寄生蜂的组成和发生调查

【目的】明确严重危害甘肃省白银地区作物的潜叶蝇及天敌寄生蜂的多样性和种群组成。【方法】采用五点取样法田间调查潜叶蝇危害的蔬菜、花卉、杂草并采样,室内对潜叶蝇及其寄生蜂进行形态鉴定和分子鉴定。【结果】在2016-2020年在甘肃白银地区采集的样本中发现6种常见潜叶蝇,包括本地种豌豆彩潜蝇Chromatomyia horticola和葱斑潜蝇Liriomyza chinensis,入侵种南美斑潜蝇L. huidobrensis、三叶草斑潜蝇L. trifolii、番茄斑潜蝇L. bryoniae和美洲斑潜蝇L. sativae。其中,豌豆彩潜蝇为优势种,可危害多科寄主植物;葱斑潜蝇仅在大葱上发现危害;南美斑潜蝇在温室内的蔬菜上发生严重;三叶草斑潜蝇首次在白银市发现;番茄斑潜蝇与美洲斑潜蝇的危害相对较轻。此外,调查的潜叶蝇寄生蜂包括3科12属24种,优势种包括豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea、芙新姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa、万氏潜蝇姬小蜂D. wani和西伯利亚离颚茧蜂Dacnusa sibirica。【结论】一方面白银市应加强监测和预警入侵性潜叶蝇的发生,另一方面白银市潜叶蝇的天敌寄生蜂种类丰富,对田间主要危害的潜叶蝇可能发挥着重要的自然防控作用,建议保护利用本地寄生蜂天敌。     

美丽青背姬小蜂寄生和繁殖特性研究

美丽青背姬小蜂Chrysonotomyia formosa(Westwood)是美洲斑潜蝇的优势天敌,在美洲斑潜蝇的自然控制中发挥着非常重要的作用.本文对其寄生和繁殖特性进行了研究,结果表明:美丽青背姬小蜂主要将卵产于寄主幼虫的腹部,1头寄主幼虫体内可产1～5粒卵,但只有1粒卵能完成发育成为成蜂;不同温度下,雌蜂的繁殖能力不同,其中雌蜂在23℃时有最大的产卵量和最高的致死寄主个体数;提供10%的蜂蜜水可以显著提高雌蜂对寄主的寄生数、产卵量、刺死寄主数和总致死寄主数;美丽青背姬小蜂也能进行产雄孤雌生殖;营孤雌生殖的雌蜂与有性生殖的雌蜂在寿命、寄生寄主数、产卵数、刺死寄主数和总致死寄主数之间差异不显著.     

寄生蜂对美洲斑潜蝇自然种群控制作用的评价

应用作用因子生命表方法以及在此基础上提出的排除作用控制指数法评价了寄生蜂对美洲班潜蝇自然种群的控制作用,结果表明,底比斯釉姬小蜂,丽潜蝇姬小蜂,冈崎釉姬小蜂,异角姬小蜂,黄潜蝇姬小蜂,甘蓝潜潜蝇茧蜂和离潜蝇的种群数量将比原各群增长1．23,2．73,5．98,5．92和5．71倍,在春季菜豆,豇豆,丝瓜和黄瓜上第2代美洲斑潜蝇中,若排除寄生蜂作用因子后,美洲斑潜蝇在上述4种蔬菜上的种群数量将分别多增长2．73,2．87,2．24和1．89倍,寄生蜂对美洲班潜蝇3龄幼虫的控制作用大于1龄,2龄幼虫和蛹的控制作用;春季美洲斑潜连续世代中,第1,2代寄生蜂的控制作用较第3,4,5代低,寄生蜂有菜豆和豇豆上的控制作用比在丝瓜和黄瓜上高。     

菜豆田两种潜叶蝇和主要天敌生态位研究

从生态位研究角度出发 ,采用 Hurlbert( 1978)生态位重叠和 L evins( 1968)生态位宽度指标 ,对严重危害菜豆的两种潜叶蝇 :美洲斑潜蝇 L iriomyza sativae Blanchard和豌豆潜叶蝇 Phytomyza atricor-nis Meig与主要天敌在时间和空间维度上的生态位重叠和生态位宽度作了定量分析。评价了天敌对猎物的时间及空间跟随作用和控制效果。研究表明 :寄生蜂、蜘蛛、龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫对豌豆潜叶蝇有较强的跟随作用和控制效果     

Toxicity of chemicals commonly used in Indonesian vegetable crops to Liriomyza huidobrensis populations and the Indonesian parasitoids Hemiptarsenus varicornis, Opius sp., and Gronotoma micromorpha, as well as the Australian parasitoids Hemiptarsenus varicornis and Diglyphus isaea

Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) and Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) are important pests of vegetable crops in Indonesia and are likely to spread to neighboring countries. Three pesticides (dimehypo, abamectin, and cyromazine) are currently used to control these pests, but there is little information on their effectiveness against field populations and on their impact on parasitoids controlling Liriomyza species. The toxicity of these chemicals to L. huidobrensis and three common parasitoids (Hemiptarsenus varicornis Gerault, Opius sp., and Gronotoma micromorpha Perkins) was therefore evaluated in Indonesia with mortality laboratory assays. All three chemicals were effective against larvae of three populations of L. huidobrensis with different histories of chemical exposure. Dimehypo caused mortality in adult Opius sp., G. micromorpha, and H. varicornis, whereas abamectin was toxic only at concentrations substantially higher than the field rate. Cyromazine did not influence survival of the parasitoids. A commonly used fungicide, mancozeb, had no impact on parasitoid mortality. Trials were repeated with a strain of H. varicornis from Australia and a different parasitoid (Diglyphus isaea) recently found in Australia. Neither parasitoid was influenced by mancozeb or cyromazine. Abamectin applied at field rates caused some mortality among the adults of both species, but was less toxic than chlorpyrifos. Abamectin produced lower LC50s against Australian H. varicornis than against Indonesian H. varicornis. These results suggest that cyromazine can be incorporated into Liriomyza control programs in Indonesia that conserve parasitoids, whereas dimehypo and abamectin need to be used cautiously. Local Australian parasitoids should help control L. huidobrensis as long as only cyromazine and nontoxic fungicides are applied.     

Juvenile and sublethal effects of selected pesticides on the leafminer parasitoids Hemiptarsenus varicornis and Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Australia

The pest leafminers Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard), and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) have spread into South East Asia and Oceania, and they are likely to reach Australia in the near future. Two translaminar pesticides, cyromazine and abamectin, currently provide effective chemical control of these pests, but because parasitoids can play an important role in controlling and preventing leafminer outbreaks, understanding the impact of pesticides on leafminer parasitoids is vital. Here, we tested larval and pupal mortality and sublethal effects of abamectin, cyromazine, and the widely used fungicide mancozeb on two common Australian leafminer parasitoids, Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) and Diglyphus isaea (Walker). Abamectin caused significant mortality to larvae and pupae of both parasitoid species but cyromazine and mancozeb did not. Progeny production and longevity of H. varicornis were not affected by adult exposure to cyromazine and mancozeb, nor did direct pupal exposure decrease number of progeny produced by either parasitoid. Mortality of H. varicornis females emerging from leaves treated with abamectin was high for up to 72 h after eclosion but those surviving beyond 72 h did not differ from control females in the number of progeny produced. Mancozeb did not influence leaf residence time or parasitism by H. varicornis females. Cyromazine and the fungicide mancozeb were concluded to be compatible with the parasitoids tested and suitable for integrated pest management of leafminers should outbreaks of pest species occur in Australia. Abamectin should be used with caution because it caused significant mortality in both parasitoids tested here.     

Host plant-related parasitism and host feeding activities of Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae, and Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Host plant species can affect the behavior and attributes of parasitoids, such as host searching, oviposition, and offspring fitness. In this study, parasitism, host feeding, and sex ratios of Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) larvae reared on Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L., Solanum lycopersicum L., and Vicia faba L. were determined. In no-choice tests, L. huidobrensis had the highest rate of parasitism when reared on P. vulgaris (46%), L. sativae when reared on V. faba (59%) and P. vulgaris (59%), and L. trifolii when reared on S. lycopersicum (68%). Host feeding in no-choice tests ranged between 2% and 36% and was highest on L. trifolii reared on V. faba. Results of choice tests showed a significant interaction effect for host plant and Liriomyza species on parasitism and host feeding. Within plant mixtures, L. sativae reared on P. vulgaris had the highest rate of parasitism (31%), followed by L. trifolii on S. lycopersicum (29%) and L. huidobrensis on V. faba (28%). Host feeding was highest on L. trifolii reared on S. lycopersicum (14%) and lowest on L. huidobrensis reared on P. sativum and S. lycopersicum (1%). In some instances, plant mixtures resulted in a higher proportion of females of D. isaea than single plant species. The highest proportion of females was obtained in plant mixtures on L. huidobrensis and L. trifolii on V. faba (71 and 72%, respectively). This study suggests that planting crop mixtures can potentially lead to higher proportions of females, thus improving parasitism and host feeding, depending on Liriomyza and host plant species.     

一种适合美洲斑潜蝇实验研究的新型纱虫笼及吸虫器

介绍一种适合美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae Blanchard实验的纱虫笼和吸虫器。纱虫笼利用细铁丝、纱网、铁夹等材料制作而成,高为10cm,长为6cm、宽为6cm。吸虫器利用吸耳球、尖嘴玻璃管、海绵等材料制成,长为22cm,重约为30g。纱虫笼一面特制的放虫孔,便于接入和移出美洲斑潜蝇成虫。该纱虫笼通透性好,可保证其内外环境一致。吸虫器的尖嘴玻璃管内的海绵及脱脂棉可防止移虫时对美洲斑潜蝇成虫造成损伤。该套实验装置可用于斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂的基本生物学特性、交配产卵行为及繁殖等实验研究。     

非嗜食植物次生化合物与生态措施对美洲斑潜蝇种群控制作用的评价

应用种群动态控制的状态空间分析法,通过生命表参数模拟美洲斑潜蝇种群数量动态,通过输入不同的控制措施(施用非嗜食植物次生化合物即马缨丹乙醇提取物、施用机油乳剂和释放美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌)对美洲斑潜蝇种群动态控制的作用,研究这些控制措施的组合对美洲斑潜蝇种群动态的控制,模拟结果表明,在美洲斑潜蝇成虫产卵高峰期施用马缨丹乙醇提取物(1g·100ml^-1和机油乳剂(300X),在幼虫高峰期释放寄生蜂(2000头·100m^-2),可以达到控制美洲斑潜蝇种群增长的效果,起到保护菜豆免害的作用。     

美洲斑潜蝇SS-PCR检测技术研究

【背景】美洲斑潜蝇是一种严重威胁瓜果蔬菜、烟草、棉花等经济作物和花卉生产的入侵性害虫。由于潜叶蝇类害虫体型较小、生活方式隐蔽、形态相似,本文针对其难以快速准确地进行形态鉴别的问题,以美洲斑潜蝇为研究对象,以菜田常见的4种潜叶蝇类害虫为参照,采用种特异性PCR方法（species-specific PCR,SS-PCR）,研究其快速分子检测鉴定技术。【方法】调用GenBank中一段936bp的美洲斑潜蝇线粒体DNA（mtDNA）细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因（COⅠ）的序列（Gen-Bank登录号为EU219613）,并根据此基因片段的碱基序列设计引物1对,其扩增片段大小为294bp。【结果】种特异性检验结果显示,该引物只对美洲斑潜蝇的COⅠ基因具有扩增能力,对其他种类如南美斑潜蝇、三叶斑潜蝇、葱斑潜蝇、豌豆潜叶蝇等没有扩增能力。该引物不仅对成虫具有良好的扩增效果,对蛹、幼虫以及单粒卵也具有同样的扩增效果,其最低检出阈值为1/3840头成虫。【结论与意义】SS-PCR技术体系可用于美洲斑潜蝇的鉴定识别与检测监测,对阻止其进一步扩散蔓延具有重要意义。