大剂量国产胸腺肽联合干扰素治疗慢性乙肝疗效及其机理初探

本文研究大剂量胸腺肽联合干扰素对慢性乙肝患者的治疗作用,发现胸腺肽联合干扰素治疗三个月后,患者的ＡＬＴ复常率、ＨＢｅＡｇ转阴率、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阴转率和ＨＢＶＤＮＡ有效下降率分别为７６０％、４４０％、５６０％和９６０％。Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群分析结果表明,联合治疗后,患者外周血ＣＤ４＋淋巴细胞亚群上调,ＣＤ８＋亚群下调,二者比值趋于正常,说明国产胸腺肽联合干扰素治疗慢性乙肝的治疗机理与免疫调节作用有关。     

治疗性乙肝疫苗研究及疗效考核

我们采用治疗性乙肝疫苗（免疫复合物型和佐剂型）分别对１４５例各型乙型肝炎进行治疗,结果显示：乙肝主要指标ＡＬＴ复常率、ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ及ＨＢｅＡｇ阴转率,免疫复合物组分别为９２．９％、５０％和４１．９％;佐剂组分别为９４．１％、４２．８％和３５．２％,均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｔ细胞亚群中ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８细胞平均比值明显提高。试验表明：免疫复合物型疫苗和佐剂型疫苗对慢性肝炎,尤其是慢性活动性肝炎有较好疗效,而免疫复合物型优于佐剂型。本制剂无毒副作用,为生物制剂治疗乙型肝炎开辟了一条新途径     

国产胸腺肽治疗慢性乙肝疗效及其机理初探

本文观察大剂量胸腺肽对慢性乙肝患者的治疗作用并研究其作用机理。用ＥＬＩＳＡ、ＰＣＲ 和免疫化学染色法等比较分析胸腺肽治疗三个月后,ＡＬＴ、ＨＢＶ－ Ｍ 和ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ 等指标变化,发现患者ＡＬＴ 复常率、ＨＢｅＡｇ 转阴率、ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ 阴转率和ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ 有效下降率分别为５８．３３ ％ 、３３．３３ ％ 、４１．６７ ％ 和９１．６７ ％ ;同时患者外周血ＣＤ４ ＋淋巴细胞亚群上调,ＣＤ８ ＋ 亚群下调,二者比值趋于正常。说明国产胸腺肽治疗慢性乙肝有较好的应用前景,其治疗机理与免疫调节作用有关。     

用套多聚酶链反应技术监测乙型肝炎病毒的母婴垂直传播

用套式多聚酶链反应（Ｎｅｓｔｅｄ－ＰＣＲ）技术对１６９对ＨＢｓＡｇ及ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性孕妇及其新生儿外周血清进行了ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测,１０３对ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性孕妇及其新生儿外周务中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为７２．８％和３３．０％;６６对ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ双阳性的孕妇及其新生儿外周血清中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为８６．４％和４３．９％,对５５例ＨＢｓＡｇ及ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性产妇产后     

双歧杆菌活菌制剂对慢性乙肝病人细胞免疫功能影响的观察

在应用双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗慢乙肝期间,重点观察了Ｔ细胞亚群（ＣＤ３,ＣＤ４,ＣＤ８）、ＮＫ细胞（ＣＤ（１６））、白细胞介素Ⅱ（ＩＬ－２）分泌细胞、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）等细胞免疫指标治疗前后的动态变化,同时观察了病人血内毒素水平的动态变化和乙肝病毒标志物（ＨＢＶＭ）的改变。结果表明：（１）与对照组比较,双歧杆菌活菌制剂可使慢乙肝病人ＣＤ３＋,ＣＤ４＋数目明显增多,而对ＣＤ８＋细胞数目无明显影响;（２）双歧杆菌活菌制剂可使ＣＡＨ组的ＣＤ１６＋细胞显著增多（ｐ＜０．０５）;使ＣＡＨ组和ＣＰＨ组的ＩＬ－２分泌细胞均有非常显著和显著增加（分别ｐ＜０．０１和ｐ＜０．０５）;（３）ＣＡＨ组病人血中内毒素和ＴＮＦ水平在双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗后,匀出现非常显著降低（ｐ＜０．０１）;ＣＰＨ组ＴＮＦ水平较对照组无显著变化,但内毒素水平较对照组显著降低（ｐ＜０．０５）;（４）满疗程后（６０天）ＣＡＨ组有６例,ＣＰＨ组有５例ＨＢｅＡｇ阴转（分别为２６．０６％和２５．０％）,而对照组仅２例阴转（１３．３３％）,两治疗组与对照组比较有显著性差异（ｐ＜０．０５）。     

乙型肝炎病人重叠感染丙型肝炎的评价

应用ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＰＣＲ法检测５０２例乙肝病人血清,４０１例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性血清中,有１１４例（２８．４％）抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ双项阳性,２５例（６．２％）ＨＣＶＲＮＡ单项阳性;２１例（５．２％）抗－ＨＣＶ单项阳性。将ＨＢｓＡｇ乙肝病人分成ＨＢＶＤＮＡ,ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性组和ＨＢＶＤＮＡ,ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性组。前者抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为１１．６％～２０．５％,ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率为１６．２％～２０．５％。后者抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为２０．２％～５５．６％,ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率为２３％～６０．３％。结果说明长期携带ＨＢＶ者和慢性乙肝病人均可重叠ＨＣＶ感染。ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性组抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性率明显高于ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性组     

无环鸟苷抗乙型肝炎病毒复制长短程疗法随访观察

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染s5例,随机分无环鸟苷长程组22例,短程组11例和对照组22例。经一年随访观察,无环鸟苷治疗组见血清HBeAg、DNA-P和HBV-DNA有规律性阴转,短程组于12个月又有部分指标阳转,长程组阴转较多,其血清HBeAg、DNA-P和HBV-DNA阴转率与短程和对照组比较有显著性差异。一年结果四项病毒复制指标全部阴转例数与对照组有显著性差异,结果表明,无环鸟苷长疗程是有较好疗效。     

国产和美国产乙型肝炎血源疫苗五年效果比较

母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ均阳性者所生之婴儿，随机接种国产和美国产乙肝疫苗，免疫后５年婴儿ＨＢｓＡｇ携带率分别为１５．４％和１８．２％；抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率各为７６．９％和７７．３％，两组均无显著性差别。     

干扰素治疗丙型肝炎—病例对照研究

应用兰州生物制品研究所生产之精制人白细胞干扰素治疗丙型肝炎的病例对照研究结果表明,治疗组５５．６％（１５／２７例）呈完全反应,４４．４％（１２／２７例）呈部分反应,对照组２２．２％（６／２７例）完全反应,７４．１％（２０／２７例）部分反应,１例无反应。治疗组ＨＣＶＲＮＡ转阴率（５５．６％）明显高于对照组（２２．２％）,Ｐ＜０．０５。     

乙肝疫苗快速阻断HBV母婴传播的研究

为获得更快速的免疫应答,用３０μｇ／ｍｌ乙肝血源疫苗以０、２、６周免疫程序对６８名ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性母亲婴儿作了阻断ＨＢＶ母婴传播免疫效果的观察,并和常规的０、１、６月接种方案的结果进行了比较。结果表明ＨＢＩＧ合并乙肝疫苗或单用疫苗组产生抗─ＨＢｓ（＞１０ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ）血清转换率于Ｔ６Ｍ、Ｔ１２Ｍ时分别为９１．８９％,和８３．８７％;８１．０８％和８３．８７％。短程和常规免疫方案婴儿所产生的保护性抗─ＨＢＳ动态比较,表明以０、２、６周免疫后的Ｔ６ｗ、Ｔ６ｍ时的抗─ＨＢｓ有效率分别为１９．３５％和８３．８７％,明显高于０、１、６月免疫者同期抗体水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）。至Ｔ１２Ｍ时两组的阳转率无显著性差异,说明０、２、６周免疫方案能早期诱导出保护性抗─ＨＢｓ免疫应答。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.