腹腔镜全结肠系膜切除术治疗老年结肠癌患者的近期疗效评价及对机体免疫力的影响

目的:研究腹腔镜全结肠系膜切除术对老年结肠癌患者的近期疗效评价及机体免疫力的影响,为临床治疗结肠癌提供依据。方法:选择2014年6月至2016年6月我院收治的136例老年结肠癌患者为研究对象,按照患者治疗意愿分为两组。治疗组57例行腹腔镜下全结肠系膜切除术,对照组79例行开腹手术。比较两组患者的手术时间、淋巴结清扫数量、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、术后住院时间及术后并发症发生率。于术前1 d、术后1 d及术后3 d采用流式细胞仪检测两组患者外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+)及自然杀伤(NK)细胞;于术前1 d、术后1 d及术后3 d采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定两组患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(sIL-2R)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)浓度。结果:与对照组比较,治疗组术中出血量减少,肛门排气时间、下床活动时间及术后住院时间均缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者淋巴结清扫数量及手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组并发症发生率为7.02%,低于对照组的17.72%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者术后1 d和术后3 d外周血中T细胞亚群CD3~+、CD4~+和NK细胞所占比例及CD4~+/CD8~+的比值与术前1 d相比有所减小(P0.05),且术后1 d的CD4~+/CD8~+的比值和NK细胞低于术后3 d(P0.05);两组术后1 d及术后3 d外周血中CD8~+所占比例与术前1 d有所升高,但是差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且术后1 d的CD8~+所占比例与术后3d比较无明显差异(P0.05)。治疗组患者术后1 d和术后3天外周血中CD3~+、CD4~+与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),CD4~+/CD8~+的比值和NK细胞高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组术后1 d及术后3 d血清CRP、sIL-2R、IL-6、IL-8水平与均较术前1 d增高,术后3 d治疗组血清中CRP、sIL-2R、IL-6、IL-8水平低于术后1 d(P0.05),治疗组术后1 d及术后3 d血清中CRP、sIL-2R、IL-6、IL-8水平均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜全结肠系膜切除术与开腹手术相比,近期疗效更好,具有创口小、出血量少、术后恢复快、术后并发症发生率低及对机体免疫功能影响小等优点,可应用于老年结肠癌的治疗。     

腹腔镜与开腹子宫全切术对机体免疫功能影响的对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜和开腹子宫全切术对患者机体免疫功能的影响.方法:90例良性子宫疾病需行子宫全切除患者被随机分为开腹组和腹腔镜组,记录两组患者术中、术后情况,同时测定和比较两组患者手术前后T淋巴细胞亚群的变化情况.结果:①手术前后腹腔镜组患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+及CD4+/CD8+均无明显变化(P＞0.05);而与术前比较,开腹组患者术后24h和72h外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+及CD4+/CD8+均有所下降(P＜0.05).②腹腔镜组患者术中出血量、排气时间、住院时间及术后并发症发生率均低于开腹组(P＜0.05).结论:腹腔镜全子宫切除术具有术中出血少、术后恢复快、并发症少的优点,且对机体免疫功能影响较开腹手术更小.     

腹腔镜与开腹胃癌根治术治疗胃癌患者的疗效及对免疫功能和炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨不同手术方式治疗胃癌患者的疗效及对免疫功能和炎性因子的影响。方法:选择2015年1月-2018年4月我院收治的择期行根治性切除术胃癌患者236例,根据不同的手术方式分为对照组(n=107)和实验组(n=129),对照组实施传统开腹胃癌根治术,实验组实施腹腔镜胃癌根治术。观察两组患者各项临床症状及并发症发生情况,比较两组患者术前、术后1 d、术后7 d免疫功能和炎性因子水平。结果:与对照组相比,实验组患者的手术时间明显升高,而其他临床症状指标以及并发症发生率显著下降(P0.05),两组淋巴结清除数目比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者术后1 d的IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平均明显高于术前,但实验组低于对照组(P0.05)。术后7 d,对照组IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平仍高于术前(P0.05),但实验组TNF-α、CRP水平与术前比较无统计学差异(P0.05),同时实验组IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。术后1 d、7 d,两组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均低于术前,CD8~+高于术前,且实验组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+高于对照组,CD8~+低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与传统开腹胃癌根治术比较,腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗胃癌患者疗效更好,可减轻炎性反应,对患者的免疫功能影响较小,安全可靠。     

腹腔镜手术对结直肠癌根治术患者免疫功能及临床结局的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术对结直肠癌根治术患者免疫功能和临床结局的影响。方法:选取我院2015年2月-2018年2月收治的50例行手术治疗的结直肠癌患者,按照数字随机原则分成两组,对照组25例采用传统开腹手术,观察组25例采用腹腔镜手术,比较两组术前、术后外周血中CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+的变化和胃肠功能的改善情况,术后随访1～3年,记录两组患者的生存情况。结果:术前,两组外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1周、2周,观察组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+比例均显著高于对照组,CD8~+明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门首次排气时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05),两组随访期并发症发生率、死亡率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术治疗能够显著提升其免疫功能,术后胃肠功能恢复较快。     

小儿腹腔镜肾上腺切除术对IL-6、内皮素和C反应蛋白水平的影响

目的:探讨小儿开腹肾上腺切除术与腹腔镜肾上腺切除术两种方法对患儿血IL-6、C反应蛋白水平和内皮素水平的影响,从而比较两种术式对患儿手术应激的影响程度。方法:选择开腹肾上腺切除术患儿25例,腹腔镜肾上腺切除术患儿17例,分别于术前和术后抽取静脉血检测血IL-6、C反应蛋白和内皮素的水平并进行比较。同时比较两组手术时间、术中出血量及术后住院时间。结果:开放手术组患儿术后血IL-6、C反应蛋白和内皮素的水平明显高于腹腔镜手术组,而术前两组间无统计学差异。腹腔镜组患儿手术时间术中出血量及住院时间均小于后者。结论:腹腔镜肾上腺切除术与开腹肾上腺切除术相比,手术刺激小,恢复快。     

曲马多、吗啡术后自控镇痛对食管癌患者细胞免疫功能的影响

目的：比较曲马多、吗啡对食管癌术后患者的镇痛疗效以及对机体免疫功能的影响。方法：将本院50 例行食管癌手术患者随 机分成对A 组和B 组,A 组接受硬膜外吗啡镇痛,B 组接受硬膜外曲马多镇痛,常规监测心电图（ECG）、无创血压（BP）、心率 （HR）、血氧饱和度（SPO2）、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2）。记录两组患者不同时间点视觉模拟疼痛（VAS）评分、不良反应发生 率、外周血T 淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+)、NK 细胞的变化。结果：两组患者均得到满意的术后镇痛效果,术后1d,A、B两组 患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、NK 细胞的水平较术前降低（P<0.05）,且A 组降低幅度明显大于B 组（P<0.05）;术后2d,A 组外周 血T 淋巴细胞亚群、NK 细胞的水平虽有所升高,但仍较术前降低（P<0.05）,B 组CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及NK细胞水平恢复至术前水 平;术后3d,A 组上述指标恢复至麻醉前水平。结论：曲马多在镇痛的同时对机体外周血T 淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞水平影响较 小,减轻了麻醉对细胞免疫功能的抑制效应。     

腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与开腹手术对子宫肌瘤患者内分泌状态、免疫功能和预后的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与开腹手术对子宫肌瘤患者内分泌状态、免疫功能和预后的影响。方法:选取2014年1月～2019年1月期间我院收治的子宫肌瘤患者90例,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组(n=44)和B组(n=46),A组予以开腹手术,B组予以腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术,比较两组患者临床指标、内分泌状态、免疫功能、并发症及预后。结果:两组手术时间对比未见统计学差异(P0.05);B组术中出血量少于A组,住院时间、术后肛门排气恢复时间短于A组(P0.05)。两组术后1个月卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成激素(LH)均较术前升高,雌二醇(E2)较术前降低(P0.05);B组术后1个月FSH、LH低于A组,E2则高于A组(P0.05)。两组术后1 d CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均较术前降低,但B组高于A组(P0.05);CD8~+较术前升高,但B组低于A组(P0.05)。B组的并发症发生率低于A组(P0.05)。两组子宫形态正常率、复发率、月经转归正常率对比无差异(P0.05)。结论:与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术可明显减轻对子宫肌瘤患者机体内分泌状态、免疫功能的损害,促进患者术后恢复,减少并发症发生情况,同时还可获得与开腹手术相当的近期预后。     

后腹腔镜根治术对肾癌患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾癌根治术对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2013年5月-2015年5月在我院接受手术治疗的肾癌患者67例,根据手术方法不同分为研究组(37例)及对照组(30例)。研究组患者采用后腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗,对照组患者采用传统开放手术治疗。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间以及手术前后患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化情况。结果:研究组患者的手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术前外周血T淋巴细胞CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+及CD4~+/CD8~+比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后外周血T淋巴细胞CD3~+、CD4~+及CD4~+/CD8~+明显降低,但研究组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后CD8~+比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与传统开放手术相比较,后腹腔镜肾癌根治术对患者免疫功能的影响较小,手术时间短,术中出血量少,临床疗效显著,值得推广及应用。     

高龄患者腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术围手术期对机体应激及内脏蛋白的影响

目的:研究高龄病人(75岁以上)腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术围手术期白介素6(IL-6)、IL-10和C反应蛋白(CRP)及内脏蛋白的差异.方法:将41例行结直肠癌根治术的高龄患者按患者意愿分为腹腔镜组(n=20)和开腹组(n=21),两组患者的一般资料如年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)等有可比性,检测两组患者术前、术后的应激指标:血清IL-6、IL-10和CRP及营养蛋白:前白蛋白(prealbumin,PRE)、转铁蛋白(transferrin,TRF)、视黄醇结合蛋(retinal-binding protein,RbP)的变化.结果:两组患者CRP在术后1、2、3d均较术前明显升高(P<0.01),术后2d达到峰值,腹腔镜组术后CRP明显低于开腹组(P<0.01);两组患者血清IL-6、IL-10术后也明显升高,腹腔镜组明显低于开腹组(P<0.01),但IL-10升高持续时间短.PRE、TRF、RbP术后两组均较术前有明显下降(P<0.01),术后1 d、2 d两组各指标无显著性差异(P>0.05),术后3 d腹腔镜组4种蛋白指标均明显高于开腹组(P<0.01).结论:对高龄病人两种不同手术方式应激水平及内脏蛋白指标的研究提示,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术较开腹手术创伤小,应激水平低,有利于机体内脏蛋白的恢复,这对微创外科的实施是一个有力支持.     

硬膜外阻滞复合全麻与全凭静脉麻醉在宫颈癌手术中的效果比较

目的:对比硬膜外阻滞复合全麻与全凭静脉麻醉在宫颈癌手术中的效果。方法:选择2016年1月～2018年12月我院收治的90例宫颈癌患者,均采取腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术治疗,将其随机分为两组。对照组采用全凭静脉麻醉方法,观察组采用硬膜外阻滞复合全麻方法。比较两组的术后感染率、拔管时间以及苏醒时间,术前、术后12 h和术后72 h的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平、CD3~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、CD8~+、CD4~+的变化。结果:观察组术后感染率、拔管时间以及苏醒时间均明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者术后12 h的血清TNF-α以及IL-6水平明显低于术前和对照组(P0.05),两组术后72 h的血清TNF-α和IL-6水平均恢复至术前水平;两组术后12 h的CD3~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、CD4~+均明显低于术前(P0.05),且观察组术后12 h的CD3~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、CD4~+明显高于对照组(P0.05),两组术后72 h的CD3~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、CD8~+、CD4~+均恢复至术前水平。结论:与全凭静脉麻醉相比,硬膜外阻滞复合全麻更有助于宫颈癌手术患者早期拔管和苏醒,其可明显减轻患者术后的免疫抑制,有效降低术后感染发生率。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.