益智的抗氧化作用

本文探讨了益智(Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel)超临界CO2提取物及其渣的水提物、正丙醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化作用,测定了总酚含量、黄酮含量、抗氧化力、还原能力、DPPH清除率.结果表明,益智超临界CO2提取物和正丙醇提取物的总酚含量最高,均为5.53%,乙酸乙酯提取物的总酚含量为4.04%,水提物总酚含量最低,为O.89%.抗氧化力与酚含量相关(R2=0.703).四种提取物中黄酮含量顺序为:乙酸乙酯提取物(6.29%)＞丙醇提取物(5.81%)＞水提取物(4.85%)＞超临界CO2提取物(4.70%).在还原能力、清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基方面,乙酸乙酯提取物表现出了很强的抗氧化能力,呈现剂量依赖关系.     

蓝莓果渣提取物总酚含量及抗氧化活性研究

研究了蓝莓果渣提取物总酚含量及其抗氧化活性。分别采用水、40%乙醇及纤维素酶辅助乙醇超声提取蓝莓果渣,并用Folin-Ciocalteu试剂对3种提取物的总酚含量进行评估;并采用DPPH清除实验及O2—.清除实验对3种提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究。实验结果表明,纤维素酶辅助超声提取蓝莓果渣的总酚含量最高,可达425.36±15.21 mg GAE.100 g-1DW,远远高于水提物(169.46±9.75 mg GAE.100 g-1DW)及醇提物(218.39±12.54mg GAE.100 g-1DW)中的总酚含量。且纤维素酶辅助乙醇超声提取物对DPPH的清除能力为2.67±0.13 gVc.100 g-1DW,对O—.2的清除能力2.48±0.14 g Vc.100 g-1DW,明显好于醇提物及水提物抗氧化活性。     

橄榄果渣乙醇提取物成分分析及抗氧化和抑菌性能研究

橄榄果渣中生物活性成分丰富。本文主要研究橄榄果渣提取物成分及其对灰葡萄孢的抑菌性能。首先以橄榄果渣为原料,采用加热回流法,分别以H₂O、50%乙醇、70%乙醇和90%乙醇为提取剂,得到四种提取物并采用HPLC和GC-MS对提取物进行成分分析。其次测定了提取物的总酚含量、抗氧化性和对灰葡萄孢的抑菌性能。研究表明,90%乙醇提取物的酚类含量较高,抗氧化水平优良,并且对灰葡萄孢有明显的抑制作用。该研究为橄榄果渣活性成分在抑菌性能方面的研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

葡萄籽中白藜芦醇的提取及其对LO2细胞氧化损伤保护及延缓衰老作用

通过超声波辅助双水相法提取葡萄籽中白藜芦醇,酒精(100 mmol/L)诱导LO2细胞构建氧化损伤模型,D-半乳糖构建衰老小鼠模型,采用白藜芦醇提取物干预后,对细胞及小鼠肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)、丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定。在液料比为1∶10、浸提时间40 min、超声温度50℃、超声功率300 W、超声时间10 min,双水相体系为(乙醇∶硫酸铵=1∶1)白藜芦醇提取率达到2.408±0.088 mg/g。白藜芦醇提取物作用LO2细胞后,能够降低乙醇诱导引起的丙二醛含量升高,能显著提高SOD和GSH-px的活性。白藜芦醇提取物对衰老模型小鼠肝中丙二醛的产生有一定的抑制作用,且能够提升SOD和GSH-px的活性。     

连香树水提物和乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化研究

为了探究连香树水提物和乙醇提取物的主要成分和抗氧化作用,该研究采用水提和醇提两种方法提取连香树叶片中的代谢物并测定其主要成分,通过体外抗氧化实验,即清除羟自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)、超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)和还原铁离子(Fe~(3+))的能力等四个指标来评价其抗氧化作用。结果表明:连香树水提物和乙醇提取物中均含有山萘酚。此外,水提物中还含有苜蓿素和异槲皮苷等黄酮类物质;乙醇提取物中还含有柚皮素和槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷等黄酮类物质。水提物和乙醇提取物均有清除羟自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子及还原三价铁离子的能力。抗氧化的作用随提取物浓度的增大而增强,其中清除超氧阴离子(IC50值分别为0.092、0.002 mg·mL~(-1))的能力强于阳性对照Vc(IC_(50)值为0.241 mg·mL~(-1))且铁离子还原力的IC_(50)值(水提物为0.014 mg·mL~(-1),乙醇提取物为0.001 mg·mL~(-1))相对较小,说明其总抗氧化活性较强。由此可见,连香树水提物和乙醇提取物均具有良好的抗氧化作用,可作为一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂。     

暴马丁香叶乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化活性

以乙醇为溶剂,采用超声波辅助提取,得到暴马丁香叶乙醇提取物。气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析结果表明,暴马丁香叶乙醇提取物主要由烷烃类、酯类、醇类、芳香族化合物等组成,GC含量较高的化合物为十一烷(12.38%)、对二甲苯(6.58%)、乙苯(3.72%)、4-O-甲基-d-阿拉伯糖(2.22%)、乙酸丁酯(0.55%)、柏木醇(0.07%)等。暴马丁香叶乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性实验结果表明,清除50%DPPH自由基的暴马丁香叶乙醇提取物浓度(IC_(50))值为0.014 mg/mL,清除50%羟基自由基的暴马丁香叶乙醇提取物浓度(IC_(50))值为4.171 mg/mL。暴马丁香叶乙醇提取物对羟基自由基的清除效果优于抗坏血酸。     

黄兰叶乙醇提取物的活性研究和成分分析

为挖掘黄兰(Michelia champaca)叶的开发潜力,采用抗氧化评价、细胞评价和仪器分析方法对超声提取的黄兰叶乙醇提取物进行活性研究和化学成分的定性分析.DPPH?自由基清除和铁离子还原力测定结果表明,黄兰叶的20％和80％乙醇提取物具有抗氧化潜能.黄兰叶20％乙醇提取物的质量浓度超过12.5μg/mL,80％...     

湿生扁蕾的抗氧化作用研究

利用DPPH＊自由基法对湿生扁蕾的乙醇提取物及各部分的抗氧化活性进行了测定。结果表明湿生扁蕾的乙醇提取物及各部分均具有一定的抗氧化活性,且正丁醇部分的活性最强,当浓度为0．2mg/mL时,DPPH＊的清除率与10^-4M的维生素E的相当。     

樟芝发酵液和菌丝体提取物抗氧化性能研究

采用甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇对樟芝发酵液和菌丝体进行提取,对其不同提取物进行还原力,DPPH、羟基自由基、超氧自由基、过氧化氢清除能力,亚铁离子螯合能力等抗氧化能力的测定。比较发酵液提取物和菌丝体提取物的抗氧化效果,比较不同提取剂提取物的抗氧化效果。结果显示:(1)发酵液提取物还原力最高的为异丙醇提取物,亚铁离子螯合能力最强的为乙醇提取物;DPPH清除能力乙醇和异丙醇提取物最高都达到97.88%;羟基自由基清除能力最高的为乙醇提取物,达到84.22%;3种提取物的超氧自由基清除能力都较高,具有最高清除率的异丙醇提取物达到94.89%;过氧化氢清除能力最高的为乙醇提取物的97.53%。(2)菌丝体提取物还原力最高和亚铁离子螯合能力最强的均为乙醇提取物;DPPH清除能力最高的为乙醇提取物的89.95%;3种提取物的羟基自由基清除能力普遍偏低,最高的仅为异丙醇提取物的37.28%;超氧自由基清除能力则普遍较高,最高为甲醇提取物的90.05%;过氧化氢清除能力最高的为乙醇和异丙醇提取物,最高清除率均为95.06%。抗氧化性能的研究比较,为进一步开发利用樟芝提供了依据。     

散沫花叶总黄酮、多酚含量测定及体外抗氧化活性研究

用55%乙醇回流提取散沫花叶中的活性物质,采用比色法测定提取物中的总黄酮及多酚含量,测定了其对DPPH、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力和还原力等抗氧化活性指标。结果表明,散沫花叶提取物中的总黄酮(以芦丁计)、多酚(以没食子酸计)含量分别为39.42 mg/g、116.20 mg/g,提取物具有一定的抗氧化活性,且抗氧化活性与提取物浓度存在量效关系,本研究为散沫花叶作为低毒高效的天然抗氧化剂应用提供了依据。     

南药益智SRAP-PCR体系优化及引物筛选

为了建立适用于南药益智的SRAP-PCR体系,并筛选特异性引物用于研究不同地理居群的南药益智的遗传多样性,采集了海南不同地理居群的益智资源,利用植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取益智基因组DNA,并检测其纯度和浓度。采用正交试验对SRAP-PCR体系进行优化,最终建立了最优反应体系（总体积为25 μL）：Taq酶0.5 U,dNTPs 4 mmol/L,Mg2+ 2 mmol/L,引物各2 μmol/L,DNA模板10 ng,10×PCR buffer 2.5 μL。再利用最优反应体系对144对引物进行筛选,共获得7对特异性引物,其扩增片段的大小均在100~2 000 bp以内且分布较均匀,多态性条带比率皆达85%以上。该研究结果为南药益智遗传多样性的研究奠定了基础。     

Anti-tumor promoting potential of naturally occurring diarylheptanoids structurally related to curcumin.

In recent years, there have been considerable efforts to search for naturally occurring substances for intervention of carcinogenesis. Many components from medicinal or dietary plants have been identified to possess potential chemopreventive properties. For instance, curcumin, a yellow colouring agent from turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn., Zingiberaceae) has been shown to inhibit tumor formation in diverse animal models. Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel that also belongs to ginger family has been used in oriental herbal medicine. In the present work, we have evaluated the anti-tumor promoting potential of yakuchinone A (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-7-phenyl-3-heptanone) and yakuchinone B (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-7-phenylhept-1-en-3-one), major pungent ingredients of A. oxyphylla. Thus, topical application of yakuchinone A or B significantly suppressed TPA-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity. They also reduced TPA-stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cultured human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. Both compounds blunted the TPA-induced superoxide generation in differentiated HL-60 cells in a concentration-related manner and also inhibited lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. Furthermore, yakuchinone A and yakuchinone B nullified the activation of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) in immortalized mouse fibroblast cells in culture. These findings indicate that pungent diarylheptanoids from A. oxyphylla have anti-tumor promotional properties that can contribute to their chemopreventive potential.     

益智传粉生物学的研究

 益智（Alpinia oxyphylla）的花期从2月底至4月下旬;单株花期（花序）约为16～26 d,通常为23～26 d;单花花期一般为1 d。正常情况下,益智和其它山姜属植物一样,具有花柱卷曲性促进异花授粉的机制,表现出两种类型：花柱上举型和花柱下垂型,其花柱卷曲运动的节律与其它已报道的山姜属植物基本一致。但观察发现,当遭遇低温天气时(日最高气温<18℃),单花花期延长为2 d,无论是上举型个体还是下垂型个体,均只表现出一种花型——下垂型：上午开花时花柱弯向上,柱头位于已开裂散发出花粉的花药上方,直到第二天上午6∶30～11∶00间,花柱才陆续地慢慢向下运动,柱头下降至与花药等高或位于花药下方。益智的主要传粉昆虫是蜜蜂（Apidae sp.）、木蜂（Xylocopa sp.）,绝大多数的访花者的访花目的是吸蜜。益智的花蜜分泌量（8.37～15.79 μl）和花蜜含糖量（30.12%～32.83%）较高,花蜜是益智作为传粉者访花的最主要的报酬。实验结果还表明,益智花部中唇瓣对昆虫访花有显著的招引作用;益智的花蜜对蜜蜂的访花频率有显著的影响,对木蜂有一定的招引作用,但并不显著。而花粉（花药）则对昆虫的访花频率影响不大。人工授粉实验结果表明益智存在自交亲和性,无论是上举型或下垂型个体自交和异交均有较高的结实率;人工自交和异交的结实率在上举型植株中存在较大的差异,而在下垂型个体中则差异不明显;去雄套袋、去柱头套袋和完全套袋不授粉等处理均不结实,表明益智不存在无融合生殖现象和自动自花授粉现象。益智的繁育系统是异花授粉交配系统。     

Isolation and Identification of Cryptic Bioactive Regions in Bovine Achilles Tendon Collagen

Several proteins are known to host specific regions within their sequence, that when exposed or excised out proteolytically can display a range of physiological activities quite different from that of the parent protein. Collagen, a class of structural biopolymers and an important component of the extracellular matrix, is now known to harbor several such bioactive peptides which can act as physiological regulators. This study was undertaken to identify such cryptic sites from bovine Achilles tendon collagen and an antioxidative assay was used to screen for bioactivity. Bacterial crude protease was used to hydrolyze collagen and the hydrolysate was subjected to separation through ion-exchange column chromatography. Fractions were screened using conventional antioxidative assays and further purified by gel permeation chromatography. Two biologically active cryptic peptides were obtained displaying high antioxidative properties, E1 and F3. At low concentrations, both peptides displayed higher chelating ability than EDTA and were able to reduce the auto-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid. The molecular weights of the peptides were found out through column chromatography and Tricine SDS PAGE; both displayed molecular mass below 4?kDa. Overall E1 displayed a comparatively better antioxidative ability than the others and was further characterized by circular dichroism studies and sequencing. A BLAST search of the active peptide sequence revealed that an almost similar peptide also resides in human collagen Type I.     

应用高速逆流色谱分离桑枝酚类成分

建立了高速逆流色谱(HsCCC)分离制备高纯度的桑枝酚类成分的新方法.分离条件如下:溶剂系统为正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇冰(1∶1∶1∶2,v/v),上相为固定相,下相为流动相;流速2.0 mL/min;转速900rpm;进样量75 mg.收集得到三个高纯度化合物,经HPLC、MS、1H和13C NMR等分别鉴定为反式氧化白藜芦醇(25.2mg),反式白藜芦醇(7.4 mg)和桑辛素M(29.1 mg).高速逆流色谱可以高效分离桑枝成分,方法简便,技术可行,优于传统的柱色谱法.     

Molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of selected dietary and medicinal phenolic substances.

Recently, considerable attention has been focused on identifying naturally occurring chemopreventive substances capable of inhibiting, retarding, or reversing the multi-stage carcinogenesis. A wide array of phenolic substances, particularly those present in dietary and medicinal plants, have been reported to possess substantial anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. The majority of these naturally occurring phenolics retain antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties which appear to contribute to their chemopreventive or chemoprotective activity. Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a pungent ingredient of hot chili pepper, protects against experimentally-induced mutagenesis and tumorigenesis. It also induces apoptosis in various immortalized or malignant cell lines. Plants of ginger family (Zingiberaceae) have been frequently and widely used as spices and also, in traditional oriental medicine. Curcumin, a yellow ingredient from turmeric (Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae), has been extensively investigated for its cancer chemopreventive potential. Yakuchinone A [1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-3-heptanone] and yakuchinone B [1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenylhept-1-en-3-one] present in Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel (Zingiberaceae) have inhibitory effects on phorbol ester-induced inflammation and skin carcinogenesis in mice, and oxidative stress in vitro. These diarylheptanoids suppress phorbol ester-induced activation of ornithine decarboxylase and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-1alpha and their mRNA expression. They also nullified the phorbol ester-stimulated induction of activator protein 1 (AP-1) in cultured human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. In addition, both yakuchinone A and B induced apoptotic death in HL-60 cells. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) contains such pungent ingredients as [6]-gingerol and [6]-paradol, which also have anti-tumor promotional and antiproliferative effects. Resveratrol (3, 5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a phytoalexin found in grapes and other dietary and medicinal plants, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, a major antioxidative green tea polyphenol, exert striking inhibitory effects on diverse cellular events associated with multi-stage carcinogenesis. In addition, these compounds have ability to suppress proliferation of human cancer cells via induction of apoptosis.     

大孔吸附树脂结合硅胶柱层析纯化环孢菌素A

采用大孔吸附树脂层析结合硅胶柱层析,对环孢菌素A的分离纯化进行研究,确定了最佳层析条件,建立了工业化制备环孢菌素A的工艺。大孔吸附树脂层析选用D101树脂作为吸附介质,提取液丙酮含量控制在50%,最大吸附量为35 mg/g湿树脂,洗脱剂选用丙酮;硅胶柱层析选用42~64μm硅胶作为层析介质,最优层析条件为柱床高径比10∶1,流动相配比V(石油醚)∶V(丙酮)=70∶30,流速80 mL/m in,环孢菌素A上样质量浓度100 g/L,硅胶层析平均收率为84.2%,环孢菌素A纯度可达到97%以上,整个工艺总收率为65%~70%。     

高良姜等五味山姜属中药乙酸乙酯部位的HPLC指纹图谱

以95%乙醇作为提取的溶媒,将加热回流提取得到的提取液水浴挥干得到浸膏,并用甲醇配制成1 mg·m L~(-1)供试液。采用phenomenex-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L·min~(-1),柱温为30℃,检测波长为260 nm HPLC色谱法测定,采用国家药典委员会相似度评价软件进行分析。结果表明:建立了精密度、稳定性和重现性均较好的5味山姜属中药乙酸乙酯部位HPLC指纹图谱,确定了9个共有峰,6个强峰;其中高良姜、大高良姜含有5个共有峰,高良姜和草豆蔻含有3个共有峰,大高良姜和红豆蔻含有2个共有峰,高良姜和益智含有3个共有峰。对5味山姜属中药乙酸乙酯部位化学成分进行相似度分析,得出其相似度分别为0.955、0.805、0.371、0.794、0.345。所建立的5味山姜属中药乙酸乙酯部位的指纹图谱方法稳定、简便、可靠,其特征峰所代表的化学成分的相似性不尽相同,高良姜、大高良姜、草豆蔻的相似性较大,红豆蔻、益智的相似性较小,说明同基原中药之间的化学成分有一定的相关性。该研究结果为探讨山姜属中药亲缘关系与化学成分相关性提供了思路与基础。     

栝楼籽核糖体失活蛋白的纯化、性质及晶体生长研究

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