基于化学模式识别和熵权TOPSIS法分析木棉花不同部位的差异CSCD

基于HPLC指纹图谱比较木棉花不同部位(花瓣、花萼、雄蕊)化学成分的差异性,并综合评价木棉花不同部位的质量。建立木棉花及其不同部位的HPLC指纹图谱,采用相似度评价、化学模式识别和熵权TOPSIS法对其化学成分进行差异性研究。建立了15批木棉花药材的HPLC指纹图谱,确定了13个共有峰,并指认了其中4个特征峰,部分批次花瓣与雄蕊存在特征峰丢失;与药材对照指纹图谱相比,花瓣、花萼、雄蕊的相似度分别为0.280、0.976、0.364。热图聚类分析显示,花瓣和雄蕊聚为一类,化学成分主要富集在花萼中。主成分分析显示,花瓣与雄蕊的化学成分更为接近。正交偏最小二乘法判别分析筛选出7个化学成分是引起木棉花不同部位差异的主要变量。熵权TOPSIS法分析显示,木棉花花瓣、花萼、雄蕊的最优解欧氏贴近度均值分别为0.416、0.485、0.388。木棉花不同部位HPLC指纹图谱存在显著差异,该方法可反映木棉花不同部位质量差异性,对木棉花药材的质量控制和整体评价具有重要意义。     

叶下珠药材HPLC指纹图谱的比较研究

采用反相高效液相色谱法,对叶下珠药材不同产地、不同采收期、不同部位指纹图谱进行测定和比较分析,并与中成药叶下珠胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱进行了比较研究。结果显示:(1)建立了叶下珠药材的HPLC特征指纹图谱,标定18个共有峰,利用对照品指认4个峰;11批(来源地不同)叶下珠样品的HPLC图谱相似度(相合系数,均值)在0.89~0.99之间。(2)7批不同采收期的叶下珠药材的HPLC指纹图谱相似度在0.94以上,各共有峰的峰面积大多随生长期而增加,至10月5日达到最高,建议叶下珠药材应于每年的10月上旬进行采收。(3)不同部位叶下珠药材HPLC指纹图谱相似度分析发现,叶、果的相似度较高(0.98~0.99),根、茎的相似度较低(0.86~0.87),说明根、茎中各成分含量较低,建议采收叶下珠药材的地上部分即可。(4)比较叶下珠胶囊和叶下珠药材的指纹图谱,发现二者的化学成分非常相似,但峰面积差异较大,其差异可能是由于加工过程所致。该研究所建立的HPLC指纹图谱分析方法简便、重现性好,可用于叶下珠药材及中成药的鉴定与质量评价。     

广西铁皮石斛HPLC指纹图谱研究

采用HPLC法建立广西铁皮石斛提取液的指纹图谱,运用相似度评价药材质量。结果表明,在13个共有峰构成的铁皮石斛指纹图谱中,有11批药材相似度均在0.8以上,2批的相似度较差,未达到0.8,表明相似度大小与药材的产地有关。通过对栽培铁皮石斛不同部位药材的指纹图谱峰面积的比较,不提倡对药材提早采收。3批组织培养铁皮石斛的图谱相似度较低,说明培养到不同阶段的铁皮石斛材料组织培养物,其化学成分相差较大。     

滁菊的HPLC指纹图谱制作及其化学计量学分析

建立滁菊的HPLC指纹图谱,结合化学计量学手段对不同滁菊的指纹图谱进行分析研究,以期为滁菊的质量控制和产地追溯提供依据。采用HPLC法建立指纹图谱,并用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)和系统聚类、主成分分析2种化学计量学法对指纹图谱和特征峰进行分析。分析结果发现样品有27个共有峰,12个滁菊样品具有较高的相似度,杭菊与滁菊的相似度较差,聚类分析与主成分分析结果和相似度分析结果一致。将HPLC指纹图谱与化学计量学结合可对滁菊进行鉴别和质量评价,为其质量控制和追溯提供了理论参考。     

不同产地土荆芥挥发油GC指纹图谱研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了12个产地土荆芥的挥发油,通过GC法分析其成分.运用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度建立共有模式,以相关度评价图谱的相似性,以共有峰与对照峰的比值对各产地土荆芥药材挥发油进行聚类分析.结果表明:12个产地的土荆芥药材的挥发油气相色谱指纹图谱有17个共有峰,其中气相色谱指纹图谱的相似度在0.85以上的有11个,12个产地的土荆芥药材的挥发油可通过系统聚类归为两类,不同产地土荆芥药材的挥发油相似度较高.该方法简便,所得挥发油中各成分分离度高,建立的指纹图谱重现性好,可作为土荆芥药材挥发油的质量控制方法之一.     

不同产地野生与栽培伊贝母药材水溶性成分指纹图谱研究

目的:建立伊贝母药材水溶性成分高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价和有效控制其质量提供可靠的方法。方法:采用HPLC-DAD方法,以Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇和水,梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL·min-1,柱温25℃,检测波长:260 nm。采用药典委员会颁布的中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统2004 A版软件,对29批野生与栽培伊贝母药材进行指纹图谱分析。结果:29批伊贝母药材中有14个共有特征峰,建立了HPLC指纹图谱共有模式。各批次伊贝母药材相似度都在0.714以上,29批野生与栽培伊贝母药材可通过系统聚类分成5类,不同产地野生与栽培药材组成质量相似性较好,并定量测定了样品中的β-胸苷和腺苷。结论:所建立的HPLC指纹图谱及定量分析均具有良好的精密度、重复性、稳定性,可用于伊贝母药材的质量综合评价。     

不同品种玫瑰花药材的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立中药玫瑰花的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价和有效控制其质量提供可靠的方法。方法:用HPLC-UV方法测定了11份玫瑰花样品,采用中国药典委员会颁布的"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价"2004A系统建立了玫瑰花药材指纹图谱,并进行相似度评价和聚类分析。结果:11份玫瑰花样品的HPLC指纹图谱有18个共有峰,有10份样品相似度都在0.8以上,聚类分析时归为一类。结论:建立了玫瑰花不同品种的HPLC指纹图谱,并比较了其之间的差异,该方法稳定、可靠、精密度高、重复性好,可为中药玫瑰花的质量评价体系的建立提供科学依据。     

玄参饮片质量控制方法研究北大核心CSCD

研究中药质量评价中一测多评与指纹图谱结合的考察模式,以重庆市售玄参饮片为研究对象,以肉桂酸为参照物建立玄参饮片HPLC指纹图谱及其与其余成分的相对校正因子,并计算其含量,实现一测多评。结合建立的玄参HPLC指纹图谱,对饮片进行相似度评价,并进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果建立了玄参饮片HPLC指纹图谱,标定了18个共有峰,指认了其中3个共有峰,11批饮片相似度在0.731～0.960之间,16批饮片中只有11批饮片含量符合药典规定,并将其有效地区分为三类。结果表明一测多评结合指纹图谱的质量控制模式适合于玄参饮片质量评价,重庆市售玄参饮片质量参差不齐,应加强中药饮片的规范化生产。     

玄参饮片质量控制方法研究

研究中药质量评价中一测多评与指纹图谱结合的考察模式,以重庆市售玄参饮片为研究对象,以肉桂酸为参照物建立玄参饮片HPLC指纹图谱及其与其余成分的相对校正因子,并计算其含量,实现一测多评。结合建立的玄参HPLC指纹图谱,对饮片进行相似度评价,并进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果建立了玄参饮片HPLC指纹图谱,标定了18个共有峰,指认了其中3个共有峰,11批饮片相似度在0.731~0.960之间,16批饮片中只有11批饮片含量符合药典规定,并将其有效地区分为三类。结果表明一测多评结合指纹图谱的质量控制模式适合于玄参饮片质量评价,重庆市售玄参饮片质量参差不齐,应加强中药饮片的规范化生产。     

浮小麦5-二十一烷基间苯二酚提取与测定方法优化及指纹图谱研究

目的:建立浮小麦5-二十一烷基间苯二酚含量的HPLC法测定及指纹图谱研究的方法。方法:采用正交试验法对提取工艺进行优化,采用戴安Ultimate 3000全自动高效液相色谱仪对色谱条进行优化,用HPLC法对浮小麦5-二十一烷基间苯二酚含量进行测定及指纹图谱研究,用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"(2004A)进行相似度分析,用SPSS 22.0分析软件对指纹图谱进行聚类分析。结果:优化提取工艺为甲醇超声30 min提取1次;优化色谱条件分别是"1.3.2.1"、"1.3.3.1"项下色谱条件;14批浮小麦中5-二十一烷基间苯二酚含量在1.62～5.02 mg·g~(-1)之间,平均加样回收率为101.16%,RSD为0.7%。浮小麦HPLC指纹图谱有18个共有峰,其中保留时间(Rt)为60.780 min对应的峰是5-二十一烷基间苯二酚,与共有模式相比较,S11相似度为0.988,其余样品相似度均达到0.99以上。结论:建立的浮小麦5-二十一烷基间苯二酚的含量测定和浮小麦药材HPLC指纹图谱的方法稳定可靠,可用于浮小麦5-二十一烷基间苯二酚含量测定和鉴别,为浮小麦的质量控制和评价奠定基础。     

益智有效抗氧化成分的分离条件的研究

探讨了干柱层析法分离益智渣及益智乙醇提取物的抗氧化成分。实验中采用乙酸乙酯/环己烷(3∶7)、氯仿/甲醇(9∶1)为展开剂依次二次干柱层析分离出抗氧化物质。结果表明,益智渣及益智乙醇提取物均有较强的抗氧化性,益智渣的H2O2清除能力强于益智乙醇提取物。     

益智的抗氧化作用

本文探讨了益智(Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel)超临界CO2提取物及其渣的水提物、正丙醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化作用,测定了总酚含量、黄酮含量、抗氧化力、还原能力、DPPH清除率.结果表明,益智超临界CO2提取物和正丙醇提取物的总酚含量最高,均为5.53%,乙酸乙酯提取物的总酚含量为4.04%,水提物总酚含量最低,为O.89%.抗氧化力与酚含量相关(R2=0.703).四种提取物中黄酮含量顺序为:乙酸乙酯提取物(6.29%)＞丙醇提取物(5.81%)＞水提取物(4.85%)＞超临界CO2提取物(4.70%).在还原能力、清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基方面,乙酸乙酯提取物表现出了很强的抗氧化能力,呈现剂量依赖关系.     

Impact of Alpinia galanga rhizome extract on Bactrocera dorsalis population

The Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is one of the most economically damaging pests and generally is controlled by insecticides. This research was done by evaluate the impact of rhizomes of Alpinia galanga extract on population of B. dorsalis. The rhizome of A. galanga was extracted by Soxhlet's apparatus using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol as separated solvent system. Various concentrations of all crude extracts were trailed by Topical spray application with adult B. dorsalis, completely randomized designs, 5 replicates. The results showed hexane crude extract gave the highest control efficiency to adult B. dorsalis which the 24 hours-LC50 values was 4,866.06 +/- 184.52 ppm (hexane), 24,156.66 +/- 880.33 ppm (dichloromethane), 16,744.73 +/- 641.27 ppm (ethyl acetate) and 6,337.54 +/- 145.42 ppm (95% ethanol). Thus, this extract may an alternative way for control this insect pest in the future.     

Antileishmanial phenylpropanoids from Alpinia galanga (Linn.) Willd

Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts (100 microg/ml) of Alpinia galanga rhizomes exhibited significant activity in vitro against promastigotes of L. donovani. Twelve compounds namely, methyleugenol (1), p-coumaryl diacetate (2), 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (3), 1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate (4), trans-p-acetoxycinnamyl alcohol (5), trans-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol (6), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7), p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (8), trans-p-coumaryl alcohol (9), galangin (10), trans-p-coumaric acid (11) and galanganol B (12) were isolated from these extracts. Of these, compounds 2, 3, 4 and 5 were found most active in vitro against promastigotes of L. donovani with IC50 values of 39.3, 32.9, 18.9 and 79.9 microM respectively. This is the first report of antileishmanial activity of the extracts and isolated constituents of A. galanga.     

Antimicrobial effect by extracts of rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance may relate to its inhibition of beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase

Inhibitory effects on bacterial growth showed that 40% ethanol extract of galangal (rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance) can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, alpha-Hemolytic streptococcus, beta-Hemolytic streptococcus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (FabG, EC.1.1.1.100) is a key enzyme in type II fatty acid synthase system in bacteria and catalyzes beta-ketoacyl-ACP reduction. The galangal extracts inhibited FabG with an IC(50) value of only 4.47 +/- 0.10 microg/mL and is more potent than other previously published inhibitors. Kinetics studies showed that the inhibition consisted of both reversible and irreversible inhibition. The extracts of galangal inhibit FabG in a competitive pattern against NADPH. So far, no inhibitor has been reported to exhibit irreversible inhibition of FabG, whereas the galangal ethanol extract can inhibit FabG irreversibly. The irreversible inhibition presented two phases. It is probable that the galangal extract inhibit FabG, thereby displaying antibacterial ability.     

南药益智SRAP-PCR体系优化及引物筛选

为了建立适用于南药益智的SRAP-PCR体系,并筛选特异性引物用于研究不同地理居群的南药益智的遗传多样性,采集了海南不同地理居群的益智资源,利用植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取益智基因组DNA,并检测其纯度和浓度。采用正交试验对SRAP-PCR体系进行优化,最终建立了最优反应体系（总体积为25 μL）：Taq酶0.5 U,dNTPs 4 mmol/L,Mg2+ 2 mmol/L,引物各2 μmol/L,DNA模板10 ng,10×PCR buffer 2.5 μL。再利用最优反应体系对144对引物进行筛选,共获得7对特异性引物,其扩增片段的大小均在100~2 000 bp以内且分布较均匀,多态性条带比率皆达85%以上。该研究结果为南药益智遗传多样性的研究奠定了基础。     

花叶山姜挥发油化学成分及抗菌活性研究

采用气相色谱与质谱联用技术分析花叶山姜地上与地下部分挥发油的化学成分.分别从两种挥发油中鉴定了82和52种化合物,包括42种共有成分,其中α-乙酸葑酯为主要化合物,含量分别为22％和13％.通过三种革兰氏阳性细菌和三种革兰氏阴性细菌的筛选,两部位挥发油显示较好的抗枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的作用,同时地下部分挥发油显示抗枯草杆菌活性.以上结果显示,花叶山姜是山姜属植物中优良的抗革兰氏阳性菌药用资源.     

Chemical Diversity in the Genus Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): Comparative Composition of Four Alpinia Species Grown in Northern India

The essential‐oil compositions of leaves, flowers, and rhizomes of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd ., Alpinia calcarata Rosc ., Alpinia speciosa K. Schum. , and Alpinia allughas Rosc . were examined and compared by capillary GC and GC/MS. Monoterpenoids were the major oil constituents identified. 1,8‐Cineole, α‐terpineol, (E)‐methyl cinnamate, camphor, terpinen‐4‐ol, and α‐ and β‐pinenes were the major constituents commonly distributed in leaf and flower essential oils. The presence of endo‐fenchyl acetate, exo‐fenchyl acetate, and endo‐fenchol was the unique feature of rhizome essential oils of A. galanga, A. calcarata, and A. speciosa. On contrary, the rhizome oil of A. allughas was dominated by β‐pinene. Significant qualitative and quantitative variations were observed in essential‐oil compositions of different parts of Alpinia species growing in subtemperate and subtropical regions of Northern India. Cluster analysis was performed to find similarities and differences in essential‐oil compositions based on representative molecular skeletons. Monoterpenoids, viz., 1,8‐cineole, terpinen‐4‐ol, camphor, pinenes, (E)‐methyl cinnamate, and fenchyl derivatives, were used as chemotaxonomic markers.     

Autonomous Self pollination under Dominant Flexistylous Outcorssing Mechanism in Alpinia galanga (Zingiberaceae)

Autonomous self pollination is considered to be a reproductive assurance mechanism for plants when facing extreme environments that scarce in pollinators, and it also has disadvantages like inbreeding depression and pollen/ovule discounting. In several genera of Zingiberaceae like Alpinia and Amomum, a specialized mechanism named flexistyly exists, precedent studies consider its significance as preventing unnecessary self pollination and sexual interference. However according to our field observation, if pollen grains on cataflexistylous (CATA) flowers remain on the anther when the style curves downwardly, potential exists that the stigma contacts the pollen, thus autonomous self pollination occurs. Here, we studied the breeding system of Alpinia galanga, the results show that (1) Alpinia galanga is self compatible in which inbreeding depression occurs to some degree; (2) The anaflexistylous (ANA) morph of Alpinia galanga allocates more resource into outcrossing than the CATA morph; (3) The P/O ratio of the ANA morph is significantly lower than that of the CATA morph, as Alpinia galanga has constant six ovules in each ovary, the significant difference in P/O value reflects the contrast in pollen production. This phenomenon may be interpreted as the ANA morph provides pollen exclusively for the CATA morph. But the CATA morph, despite delivers pollen to the ANA morph, also need its own pollen for potential autonomous self pollination. In summary, autonomous self pollination exists in Alpinia galanga, and while flexistyly functions to avoid unnecessary self pollination and sexual interference, it also provides advantages for delayed autonomous self pollination as a necessary reproductive assurance and preventing conflict among these three major features by controlling the time of autonomous self pollination. This peculiar mechanism in Alpinia galanga thoroughly demonstrates its adaptation to unfavorable surrounding during the evolutionary process.     

Presence of fatty acid synthase inhibitors in the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum hance

The galangal (the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum, Hance) is popular in Asia as a traditional herbal medicine. The present study reports that the galangal extract (GE) can potently inhibit fatty-acid synthase (FAS, E.C.2.3.1.85). The inhibition consists of both reversible inhibition with an IC50 value of 1.73 microg dried GE/ml, and biphasic slow-binding inactivation. Subsequently the reversible inhibition and slow-binding inactivation to FAS were further studied. The inhibition of FAS by galangin, quercetin and kaempferol, which are the main flavonoids existing in the galangal, showed that quercetin and kaempferol had potent reversible inhibitory activity, but all three flavonoids had no obvious slow-binding inactivation. Analysis of the kinetic results led to the conclusion that the inhibitory mechanism of GE is totally different from that of some other previously reported inhibitors of FAS, such as cerulenin, EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) and C75.