结核分枝杆菌生物膜形成相关基因的筛选与鉴定

目的:通过菌落表型变化并结合生物膜生长缺陷筛选并鉴定可能与生物膜形成相关基因.方法:利用带有Himarl转座子的MycoMarT7转座子系统建立结核分枝杆菌H37Ra随机插入突变库;筛选细菌表面结构发生变化和生物膜形成有变化的突变菌株;运用T-A克隆法并结合抗性标记挽救法获得突变菌株的随机插入基因侧翼序列从而鉴定突变基因,并运用生物信息学方法分析预测突变基因的功能.结果:通过菌落形态变化及生物膜缺陷表型筛选出39株突变株,成功鉴定其中16株突变株,涉及16个基因发生突变,其中5个与脂质代谢相关,4个与细胞壁合成相关、2个与中间代谢和呼吸作用相关、1个调节蛋白相关基因,1个毒力相关基因,1个PE/PPE家族基因,还有2个功能未知基因.结合生物膜形成缺陷分析,其中8个基因可能与H37Ra体外生物膜的形成相关.结论:成功构建库容量约为l×104结核分枝杆菌转座子随机插入突变文库,筛选获得生物膜生长受损突变株及可能与结核分枝杆菌生物膜形成相关的基因信息,为后续深入开展生物膜形成机制研究奠定基础.     

福氏2a志贺氏菌sitC插入突变体的构建、检测及微阵列分析

针对在低拷贝自杀质粒pCVD442中难以进行基因操作的缺陷,本研究将Gateway技术应用在了基因敲除前期的重组质粒构建过程。应用这一改进的系统构建了福氏2a志贺氏菌301株转铁相关基因sitC的插入突变体MTS。对突变体分别在培养基、细胞和动物实验水平进行了功能检测,并利用芯片技术进行了限铁条件下突变体和野生型菌株的表达谱比较。结果显示,添加150 µM铁螯合剂DIP（2,2’-dipyridyl）条件下,MTS生长水平明显低于野生株,补加铁离子或锰离子可使突变株生长回复到丰富培养基条件下的生长水平;在HeLa细胞和U937细胞的胞内存活增殖能力和胞间扩散能力以及豚鼠角膜结膜炎实验中,MTS没有显现出明显的毒力改变,但在HeLa细胞侵袭过程中添加65 µM的DIP,MTS的胞内存活增殖能力和Sf301相比下降了51.6%。限铁条件下的表达谱结果表明,整体上MTS对缺铁变化比Sf301更敏感,上调的基因比野生株多106个,主要涉及膜转运、氨基酸代谢和功能未分类基因,而下调基因中参与能量代谢和碳水化合物代谢的较多。缺铁条件下,已知的转铁相关基因普遍上调,且MTS中上调的基因数目及上调幅度要高于Sf301。此结果再次证实了Sit铁转运系统对志贺氏菌生长的重要性。     

痢疾志贺菌A1型IroN, ShuA单、双突变体的构建及功能分析

本研究构建了痢疾志贺菌A1型SD51197株IroN及ShuA基因缺失及插入的单、双基因突变体MTS-1、MTS-2、MTS。对各突变体在培养基、细胞水平进行了功能检测,并利用SD51197全基因组芯片对各突变株进行了铁丰富和铁限制条件下的表达谱分析。结果显示,在添加铁螯合剂DIP条件下,各突变株生长水平都明显低于野生株,补加铁离子可以使突变株回复到正常生长水平;在HeLa细胞和U937细胞的胞内存活增殖和胞间扩散能力实验中,各突变株的生长状态都没有明显变化,但在HeLa细胞侵袭过程中添加DIP,MTS-1、MTS-2、MTS的胞内存活增殖能力与野生株相比分别下降了23.4%、25.2%、43.6%。铁限制条件下的表达谱结果表明,各突变株对缺铁的变化比野生株更敏感,多个基因的表达发生改变,上调基因主要涉及转录、辅酶代谢、氨基酸代谢和功能未分类基因,而下调基因主要包括能量代谢和碳水化合物代谢以及功能未分类的基因;已知的转铁相关基因普遍上调。此结果表明运铁相关基因IroN、ShuA可能影响着志贺氏菌的生长和毒力。     

基于转录组分析铜绿假单胞菌DN1降解荧蒽特性

[背景]铜绿假单胞菌DN1是一株从石油污染土壤中分离筛选到的具有广谱降解功能的菌株。[目的]深入了解荧蒽胁迫条件下铜绿假单胞菌DN1降解污染物过程中重要的降解相关基因信息。[方法]通过高通量测序技术对铜绿假单胞菌DN1进行转录组测序,对其所有的转录本进行KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)分类和Pathway注释、GO (gene ontology)分类和富集分析。[结果]转录组测序显示:与对照组相比,荧蒽诱导组检测到6 189个基因,其中1 919个基因上调表达,1 603个基因下调表达。KEGG注释分析显示差异上调表达基因匹配到了112个KEGG代谢途径,注释到"代谢途径"的1 408个基因(约占总差异基因的73.4%)中有317个基因参与了碳氢化合物代谢及含有苯环结构的异源生物质的生物降解,占"代谢途径"的16.53%,暗示了菌株DN1降解荧蒽可能与这些途径有密切关系。另外,主要代谢途径中的差异表达基因主要集中在ABC转运系统、氨基酸生物合成、双组分系统及碳代谢,这些途径大多数参与了底物的识别转运、信号转导及基因表达调控。[结论]进一步拓展了铜绿假单胞菌DN1在荧蒽胁迫条件下的代谢途径和逆境反应,也为微生物修复环境污染物研究夯实了理论基础。     

精氨酸代谢途径抗酸关键基因对乳酸乳球菌Lactococcus lactis NZ9000胁迫抗性的影响

【目的】寻找精氨酸代谢途径中与酸胁迫相关的关键作用因素。【方法】通过在Lactococcus lactis NZ9000中分别过量表达来源于Lactobacillus casei Zhang的精氨酰琥珀酸合成酶(ASS)和精氨酰琥珀酸裂解酶(ASL)改变精氨酸代谢提高酸胁迫抗性。【结果】与对照菌株对比,重组菌株在环境胁迫下表现了较高的生长性能、存活率和发酵性能。生理学分析发现,酸胁迫环境下,重组菌株细胞有较高的胞内NH4+、ATP含量和H+-ATPase活性,并显著提高了精氨酸脱亚胺酶(ADI)途径中的氨基酸浓度。进一步的转录分析发现,天冬氨酸合成、精氨酸代谢相关的基因转录水平上调。【结论】在L.lactis NZ9000中过量表达ASS或ASL可以引发精氨酸代谢流量的上调,进而提高了细胞的多种胁迫抗性。精氨酸合成途径广泛存在于多种微生物中,为微生物,尤其是工业微生物提高胁迫抗性提供了新思路。     

不同温度条件下鲁氏耶尔森氏菌的链特异性转录组分析

为鉴定鱼源鲁氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia ruckeri) SC09菌株水生环境中不同温度的转录组水平上的差异, 研究采用链特异性转录组测序(Strand-specific RNA-seq)技术对菌体生理温度(28℃)和实验培养温度(37℃)下进行链特异性测序, 原始数据质控后, 筛选得到差异表达基因, 通过KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)数据库对差异表达基因进行富集分析, 并利用Rockhopper软件筛选出的重要原核生物基因簇进行验证。结果显示, 共筛选获得173个显著差异表达基因(P<0.05), 其中包括58个上调基因, 主要富集到一些特殊的碳水化合物代谢相关的通路中; 以及115个下调基因, 主要富集到双组份信号系统中与三羧酸循环相关的代谢通路上, 同时部分基因富集到编码鞭毛素相关的基因簇中。结果表明, 相对于37℃的实验室培养温度, 在水生环境的生理温度条件下(28℃) SC09菌株拥有较高的运动性和较强的葡萄糖代谢, 但相对的SC09菌株代谢一些特殊糖类的能力减弱。     

转录组分析棒状链霉菌F613-1高产克拉维酸的分子基础

旨在探究S.clavuligerus工业菌株高产克拉维酸(CA)的分子基础。采用转录组高通量测序,对比标准菌株和高产CA的工业菌株F613-1之间的基因转录水平差异,结合菌株表型差异进行综合分析。结果表型比较显示,F613-1在固体培养基中生长速度、气生菌丝形态、孢子形成等方面与标准菌株存在差异。液体摇瓶培养中,菌体生长速度无明显变化,但F613-1的糖消耗量显著降低,同时CA产量比ATCC27064提高约11.7倍。转录组分析显示,F613-1中CA基因簇及其途径特异性调控基因的表达量显著升高,其副产物全霉素基因簇的表达量显著下降;CA合成原料精氨酸和3-磷酸甘油醛代谢相关基因的转录水平发生显著变化,精氨酸合成代谢基因上调,而3-磷酸甘油醛分解代谢基因下调;ABC转运系统中80多个基因的转录水平也发生明显变化,其中42个显著上调,38个显著下调。工业生产菌株高产克拉维酸的主要原因是CA基因簇及其调控基因表达量的升高、相关副产物基因簇的沉默及CA合成原料精氨酸和3-磷酸甘油醛的积累。     

苜蓿中华根瘤菌氮代谢调控相关非编码RNA的研究

为了探究非编码RNA（non-coding RNA,ncRNA）在氮代谢调控过程的作用,以苜蓿中华根瘤菌（Sinorhizobium meliloti）为出发菌株,鉴定并获得了与ntrC基因表达相关的ncRNA,利用lncPRO软件分析苜蓿中华根瘤菌中ncRNA与调控蛋白NtrC相互作用的可能性,最终确定了评分较高的4个基因,即SM2011_c06191、SM2011_c06248、SM2011_c07102和SM2011_c07132,并对其中得分最高的SM2011_c06248基因进行研究。利用Northern blot验证ncRNA的表达,发现富氮处理后其表达水平呈先升高后降低的趋势。实验构建了SM2011_c06248基因敲除菌株,通过qRT-PCR发现SM2011_c06248在自然生长条件下表达无明显规律,富氮处理后,野生型菌株ncRNA表达水平呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势,与自然生长相比,ncRNA在20 min后表达水平明显上调;野生型菌株ntrC、nar基因表达水平呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势;与野生型相比,SM2011_c06248基因敲除菌株SM∷248中ntrC、nar基因表达水平明显下调。实验中构建SM2011_c06248、NtrC双突变菌株SM∷248-NtrC和SM2011_c06248过表达菌株SM:dld-248,qRT-PCR分析表明,与野生型相比,富氮处理后,SM∷248-NtrC菌株nar基因表达量无明显变化,SM:dld-248菌株ntrC、nar基因表达水平显著上调。ncRNA SM2011_c06248可响应环境中氮元素信号变化,对ntrC、nar基因的表达有正调控作用,且ntrC对nar有上位基因效应。     

微生物核糖体工程研究进展

摘要：微生物获得特定类型的抗性突变,不仅反映了其核糖体或RNA多聚酶上相关靶位点结构的改变,也对突变菌株次级代谢产物（抗生素等）的生物合成能力产生深刻影响,因此筛选抗性突变株可作为微生物推理选育的途径之一。“核糖体工程”是利用微生物的各类抗性突变为筛选标记,高效获得次生代谢产物合成能力提高的突变株的推理育种新方法。本文综述了微生物“核糖体工程”的概念、各类突变的作用机理,并着重介绍组合抗性突变在提高出发菌株次级代谢产物产量方面的应用。     

基于转录组学分析大肠杆菌中purR基因缺失对胞苷合成代谢的影响

胞苷可作为功能营养化学品与药物合成原料,具有重要的应用价值。大肠杆菌中由purR基因编码的DNA结合转录抑制因子对胞苷合成代谢有重要调控作用。采用CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除大肠杆菌purR基因,并通过转录组学分析突变菌株基因表达的差异。结果表明,从出发菌株E.coli NXBG-12基因组上成功敲除了purR基因,获得了突变菌株E.coli NXBG-17P。对突变菌株E.coli NXBG-17P与E.coli NXBG-12的转录组学结果进行对比分析,发现有534个差异基因,其中上调基因302个、下调基因232个;GO分析显示,差异表达基因(DEGs)主要富集于细胞膜、ATP结合、DNA结合和水解酶活性的代谢过程;KEGG分析表明,上调基因主要富集在果糖和甘露糖代谢、嘧啶代谢和磷酸转移酶系统,下调基因主要富集在氧化磷酸化、半乳糖代谢和肽聚糖的生物合成。同时,突变菌株E.coli NXBG-17P在37℃摇瓶发酵40 h,测定胞苷浓度为(3.21±0.01) g/L,是出发菌株E.coli NXBG-12的1.58倍。这表明突变菌株E.coli NXBG-17P胞苷产量升高,可能...     

Effect of rpoS gene knockout on the metabolism of Escherichia coli during exponential growth phase and early stationary phase based on gene expressions, enzyme activities and intracellular metabolite concentrations

The RNA polymerase sigma factor, encoded by rpoS gene, controls the expression of a large number of genes in Escherichia coli under stress conditions. The present study investigated the growth characteristics and metabolic pathways of rpoS gene knockout mutant of E. coli growing in LB media under aerobic condition. The analyses were made based on gene expressions obtained by DNA microarray and RT-PCR, enzyme activities and intracellular metabolite concentrations at the exponential and early stationary phases of growth. Although the glucose utilization pattern of the mutant was similar to the parent strain, the mutant failed to utilize acetate throughout the cultivation period. Microarray data indicated that the expression levels of several important genes of acetate metabolism such as acs, aceAB, cysDEK, fadR, etc. were significantly altered in the absence of rpoS gene. Interestingly, there was an increased activity of TCA cycle during the exponential growth phase, which was gradually diminished at the onset of stationary phase. Moreover, rpoS mutation had profound effect on the expression of several other genes of E. coli metabolic pathways that were not described earlier. The changes in the gene expressions, enzyme activities and intracellular metabolite concentrations of the rpoS mutant are discussed in details with reference to the major metabolic pathways of E. coli.     

模拟失重对大肠杆菌K12基因表达及表型的影响

【目的】通过低剪切力模拟失重(Low-shear modeled microgravity,LSMMG)连续传代培养大肠杆菌,检测大肠杆菌在模拟失重条件下的表型变化及基因改变。【方法】利用旋转细胞培养系统模拟失重环境对大肠杆菌K12进行连续传代培养,对菌株进行增殖速率、耐酸性和生物膜形成的测定,以此评估LSMMG对大肠杆菌K12表型的影响。利用转录组测序检测模拟失重条件下差异表达的基因,与表型作比对。【结果】模拟失重导致大肠杆菌增殖速率降低,耐酸性下降,生物膜形成能力增强;模拟失重条件下,营养代谢相关差异表达基因有25个,其中20个表达下降,2个与耐酸相关基因表达均下降。【结论】模拟失重会引起大肠杆菌表型及相应的基因变化,其中生物膜形成能力的增强可能对航天飞行造成潜在威胁。     

Effect of alteration of the acetic acid synthesis pathway on the fermentation pattern of escherichia coli

The glucose metabolism of an Escherichia coli strain bearing mutations abolishing both acetyl phosphotransferase (PTA) and acetate kinase (ACK) activities was studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These studies were conducted in a complex medium with the mutant carrying no plasmid, the mutant carrying the common cloning vector pUC19, and the mutant carrying a plasmid bearing the "pet" operon that encodes Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities. The mutant carrying no plasmid showed lower specific growth and glucose uptake rates relative to the parent wild-type strain (K-12), Lactic acid was produced at higher levels than the wild type, and considerable amounts of pyruvic acid were secreted as an unusual byproduct. Analysis of other fermentation products showed low but significant amounts of acetic acid, no accumulation of formic acid, and lower secretion of succinate and ethanol. The maintenance of the plasmid pUC19 in the mutant negatively affected metabolism. Expression of the pet operon overcame the metabolic stress caused by the plasmid, enhancing growth and glucose uptake rates to the values observed in the plasmidfree mutant. Also, expression of the pet operon allowed consumption of pyruvate accumulated during the first hours of fermentation.     

草菇耐低温突变菌株Vtlt-1和原始菌株V23转录组差异的研究

为了培育草菇耐低温菌株与解析其耐低温的分子机制,采用紫外诱变的方法,选育出耐低温草菇菌株Vtlt-1,并利用表达谱芯片技术,比较突变菌株Vtlt-1与原始菌株V23的表达差异基因,筛选差异显著基因后利用GO（gene ontology）功能注释和KEGG（kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes）通路富集等方法分析,结果发现与V23相比Vtlt-1表达显著差异基因共有1 600个,其中704个基因上调表达,896个基因下调表达。针对差异基因的GO功能分类结果发现：生物学过程方面,差异基因主要分布在金属离子结合、氧化还原过程、碳水化合物的代谢与核酸的结合。细胞组分方面主要与细胞核相关;分子功能中,氧化还原活性以及解旋酶活性,依赖于ATP 的解旋酶活性、DNA指导的RNA聚合酶活性。KEGG注释结果发现差异表达基因主要富集在氨基酸与氮类物质的代谢、脂肪酸与生物碱的合成这两方面,此外还富集到核糖体的生物合成、细胞色素P450、RNA聚合酶、硫和氨基酸的代谢、核酸的修复等通路。这些结果为解析草菇耐低温机制提供分子依据和理论基础。     

Gene Vector Analysis (Geneva): A unified method to detect differentially-regulated gene sets and similar microarray experiments

Background  

Microarray experiments measure changes in the expression of thousands of genes. The resulting lists of genes with changes in expression are then searched for biologically related sets using several divergent methods such as the Fisher Exact Test (as used in multiple GO enrichment tools), Parametric Analysis of Gene Expression (PAGE), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and the connectivity map.     

Construction of a domestic wastewater disinfection filter from biosynthesized and commercial nanosilver: a comparative study

Overproduction of desired metabolites usually sacrifices cell growth. Here we report that quorum sensing (QS) can be exploited to coordinate cell growth and lactic acid production in Escherichia coli. We engineered two QS strains: one strain overexpressing acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) synthesis genes (“ON”), the other strain overexpressing both AHL synthesis and degradation gene (aiiA) (“ON to semi-OFF”). To clarify the impact of the QS system on lactic acid production, D-lactate dehydrogenase gene ldhA was deleted from the E. coli genome, and Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein (eGFP) was used as the reporter. Compared to the “ON” strain, the “ON to semi-OFF” strain showed delayed log growth and decreased egfp expression at stationary phase. When egfp was replaced by ldhA for lactic acid production, compared to the wild-type strain, the “ON to semi-OFF” strain demonstrated 231.9% and 117.3% increase in D-lactic acid titer and space-time yield, respectively, while the “ON” strain demonstrated 83.6%, 31%, and 36% increase in growth rate, maximum OD600, and glucose consumption rate, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that both ldhA and the genes for phosphotransferase system were up-regulated in ldhA-overexpressing “ON” strain compared to the strain only harboring QS system. Moreover, the “ON” strain showed considerable increase in glucose consumption after a short lag phase. Compared to the reference strain harboring only ldhA gene in vector, both the “ON” and “ON to semi-OFF” strains demonstrated synchronization between cell growth and D-lactic acid production. Collectively, QS can be leveraged to coordinate microbial growth and product formation.