小鼠仙台病毒标准化血清的制备及鉴定

目的制备标准化抗小鼠仙台病毒（Sendai Virus,SV）免疫血清,为清洁级及SPF级实验小鼠质量检测提供批量、稳定、敏感的质控血清。方法使用动物来源的仙台病毒（sv）感染BALB／c小鼠,获得高效价免疫血清,经IFA、IEA、ELISA等方法检测血清效价。结果制备多量抗SV血清,经多种方法检定,IFA效价达1：640,IEA效价达1：320,ELISA效价达1：102400～1：204800。结论本研究中制备的sV抗血清达到同批次大量高滴度的水平,可作为检测实验小鼠中sv病原的标准化质控血清。     

两种方法对上海及周边地区实验大小鼠螺杆菌携带情况的调查

目的了解上海及周边地区实验小鼠、大鼠螺杆菌携带情况,为我国实验动物等级及监测标准的制定提供参考和依据。方法PCR法共检测了352只小鼠（清洁级101只,SPF级251只）,101只大鼠（清洁级69只,SPF级32只）;ELISA法共检测了88只小鼠（清洁级26只,SPF级62只）,165只大鼠（清洁级84只,SPF级81只）;并对其中88只小鼠、101只大鼠的PCR和ELISA法阳性检测率进行比较。结果PCR法检测小鼠平均阳性率为35．8％（126／352）,清洁级阳性率为51．5％（52／101）,SPF级阳性率为29．5％（74／251）;大鼠平均阳性率为70．3％（71／101）,清洁级阳性率为69．6％（48／69）,SPF级阳性率为71．9％（23／32）;ELISA法检测小鼠平均阳性率为15．9％（14／88）,清洁级阳性率为19．2％（5／26）,SPF级阳性率为14．5％（9／62）;大鼠平均阳性率为52．7％（87／165）,清洁级53．6％（45／84）,SPF级51．9％（42／81）;88只小鼠PCR法阳性检测率为72．7％（64／88）,ELISA法阳性检测率为15．9％（14／88）;101只大鼠PCR法阳性检测率为70．3％（71／101）,ELISA法阳性检测率为49．5％（50／101）。结论上海及周边地区实验大鼠、小鼠中皆存在着不同程度的螺杆菌感染,两种方法阳性检出率比较结果表明回盲部内容物PCR法较检测血清中抗螺杆菌抗体ELISA法更为敏感。     

超声波均质化对仙台病毒ELISA测试中抗原稳定性的影响

目的研究超声波均质化（homogenization）处理对于仙台病毒在ELISA测试中抗原稳定性的影响。方法对BHK-21细胞内扩增培养的仙台病毒通过差速离心,富集后使用超声波做均质化处理,和未处理的病毒分别包被酶标板,使用标准免疫小鼠血清和SPF小鼠血清对包被平板进行测试,比较样品测试孔间测量数据的变异率。结果对免疫血清做梯度稀释,各梯度样品在未经超声处理仙台病毒抗原包被ELISA检测中测量值的变异率在1.97%～6.02%之间;在经超声处理仙台病毒抗原包被ELISA检测中测量值的变异率在0.53%～2.26%之间;SPF血清测量值的变异率均高于免疫血清;所有样品在经超声处理的病毒抗原包被ELISA检测中测量值的变异率均较小。结论超声波处理有效的提高了仙台病毒抗原的均质性,在ELISA测试中提高了抗原的稳定性。     

小鼠仙台病毒ELISA抗体检测规范化试剂盒的研制与应用

目的按照实验动物国家标准和农业部对于兽医诊断制品的要求研制小鼠仙台病毒抗体检测试剂盒,并在临床检测中分析其适用性。方法建立仙台病毒的种子批和BHK-21细胞的细胞库;标化仙台病毒生产工艺、抗原蛋白纯化工艺;优化ELISA反应板体系;标化质控血清。使用规范化的ELISA试剂盒对我单位672份送检血清样品进行检测,使用IFA和Western blot方法进行复检。结果病毒的种子批检验表明在-80℃保存半年以上毒力稳定;病毒生产和抗原纯化工艺的标准化提高了抗原生产的稳定性;对照体系的设定降低了环境等变量对于结果判定的影响。在对临床样本的检测过程中发现3种方法的灵敏度ELISA高于Western blot高于IFA。结论规范化的小鼠仙台病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒能对小鼠仙台病毒感染状况作出准确判断,具有一定的稳定性和结果可重复性。     

小鼠脑脊髓炎病毒标准血清制备及间接ELISA检测方法的应用

目的制备小鼠脑脊髓炎病毒（TMEV）标准血清,建立ELISA检测方法,实现一种病毒多种检测方法的比对研究。方法用TMEV感染3周龄SPF级BALB／c小鼠,制备免疫用抗原。分别在0、7、14d以腹腔注射的方式免疫SPF级6-8周龄BALB／c小鼠,免疫血清用IFA、IEA法进行鉴定;TMEV感染BHK-21细胞,制备EHSA抗原,确定酶结合物、抗原和标准阳性血清的最佳工作浓度,建立TMEVEHSA检测方法,进行敏感性、特异性、重复性和稳定性实验。结果制备TMEV免疫血清,以IFA、IEA测定血清效价分别为1：640和1：320,与痘苗病毒、小鼠肺炎病毒、小鼠肝炎病毒、仙台病毒和呼肠孤病毒-Ⅲ型均无交叉反应;建立了ELISA检测方法,确立了各种试剂的最佳工作浓度,其中酶结合物最佳工作浓度为1：10000,抗原为2.5μg／mL,阳性参考血清为1：200;EHSA检测灵敏度为1：3200。板内特异抗原、正常抗原平均变异系数为4.67％和5.7％,板间为4.39％和7.61％。稳定性实验相对偏差均小于20％。结论本研究制备的TMEV免疫血清可作为血清学检测方法中的标准质控血清;建立的ELISA方法重复性、稳定性好,敏感性和特异性强,可用于小鼠脑脊髓炎病毒血清抗体检测。     

猪瘟病毒NS3基因克隆、原核表达及间接ELISA方法初步建立

采用PCR方法从携带猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒(Hog cholera lapinized virus,HCLV)全长基因组cDNA的质粒pPOHCLV中扩增到长度为2000bp左右NS3基因序列,并将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a(+),构建成重组原核表达载体pETNS3。将pETNS3在大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中进行优化表达,SDS-PAGE分析重组蛋白NS3主要以包涵体形式表达,分子大小约95kD。Western Blotting分析表明重组蛋白NS3具有免疫原性。采用Ni+亲和层析方法纯化得到重组蛋白NS3(90%)。以纯化的重组蛋白NS3为抗原初步建立了检测CSFVNS3抗体的间接ELISA方法,检测221份不同猪群和年龄猪的血清样品。检测结果与IDEXX公司CSFV-Ab检测试剂盒检测结果进行对比,阳性符合率为83.33%,阴性符合率为89.38%,总符合率为86.43%。30份存在差异的血清样品用间接免疫荧光法(Indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)进行检测,结果显示IFA检测结果与NS3间接ELISA和IDEXX公司CSFV-Ab检测试剂盒符合率分别为56.67%和43.33%。     

大鼠冠状病毒和仙台病毒的双重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

目的建立快速检测实验大鼠冠状病毒和仙台病毒的双重PCR方法。方法根据大鼠冠状病毒N基因、仙台病毒L基因设计特异性引物;经过双重PCR优化,特异性和敏感性的检测,建立双重PCR体系。应用该PCR体系检测人工感染仙台病毒组织DNA样本和实验动物组织样本,并与ELISA方法比对。结果双重PCR扩增出大鼠冠状病毒(168 bp)和仙台病毒(262 bp)目的条带,PCR扩增产物测序结果利用核酸BLAST功能进行同源序列对比,仙台病毒和大鼠冠状病毒同源性分别为100%和99%。仙台病毒和大鼠冠状病毒的检测下限为1.56×10~2 copies/μL。特异性检测对小鼠肝炎病毒扩增,产生片段大小近似大鼠冠状病毒产物。应用建立的双重PCR体系检测人工感染仙台病毒组织DNA样本,30份DNA标本均被检出;检测94份实验动物肺组织样本,结果均阴性。结论建立的双重PCR方法操作简单、快速、特异性强、灵敏度高,能够实现对实验动物仙台病毒和大鼠冠状病毒病原体的快速检测。     

猴B病毒抗体ELISA检测试剂盒的制备及准确性评价

目的:以金标准试剂盒为参照,对新研制的猴B病毒抗体ELISA检测试剂盒进行准确性评价,以期为我国实验灵长类动物产业提供优质廉价的检测试剂。方法:利用3个批次共表达猴B病毒gD和g B蛋白的细胞上清分别制备ELISA检测试剂盒,与金标准试剂盒(VRL的ELISA试剂盒)同时对667只食蟹猴血清进行检测,考察新研制剂盒的准确性;然后,挑选强阳性、弱阳性、阴性样品,用另外2个批次ELISA试剂盒检测,考察不同批次试剂盒检测结果的稳定性。结果:金标准试剂盒对667只食蟹猴血清抗体检测结果为阳性280份、阴性387份,而新研制的ELISA试剂盒结果为阳性282份、阴性385份;与金标准相比,阳性样品的符合率为98.93%(277/280),阴性样品的符合率为98.97%(383/387),总体符合率为98.95%(660/667)。对100份强阳性样品、70份弱阳性样品、108份阴性样品及7份差异样品的重复检测表明,除1份弱阳性(金标准为阴性)检测为阴性外,其余样品与前期一致。结论:与金标准相比,新研制的试剂盒具有较高的准确性,可用于猴B病毒抗体的检测。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术在SPF鸡四种垂直传播疾病监测中的应用

目的探讨荧光定量PCR检测技术对SPF鸡四种垂直传播病毒的检测应用。方法采集60份SPF鸡及70份普通鸡群蛋清、泄殖腔试子样品,提取样品核酸,分别进行ARV、REV、CAV、ALV四种病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测,根据标准曲线及溶解曲线分析判读样品病毒拷贝数。结果 SPF鸡ALV 2份阳性,检出率3.3%,其余病毒检测均为阴性;普通鸡样品REV检测2份阳性,检出率2.9%,ALV 10份阳性,检出率14.3%。结论荧光定量PCR检测方法最低可检测到100个拷贝核酸,检测灵敏度较高,有望应用于SPF鸡临床样品的病原检测。     

仙台病毒黑龙江省地方株的分离与鉴定

目的自本省普通级实验动物中分离并鉴定出仙台病毒地方毒株,为建立仙台病毒血清抗体检测方法奠定基础。方法通过鸡胚尿囊腔传代自普通级小鼠肺脏分离病毒,经血凝实验、血凝阻断实验和结构基因序列测定对分离得到的病毒进行鉴定;大量繁殖病毒并通过蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化,免疫动物制备阳性血清,用标准试剂盒检测阳性血清效价。结果自150份小鼠肺脏分离到2株有血凝性的病毒,经形态学、血清学和结构基因序列测定鉴定为仙台病毒,命名为SV-HLJ。SV-HLJ与标准毒株Fushimi核蛋白基因(N)的核苷酸、氨基酸同源性分别为99·6%和99·0%。结论分离并鉴定出了仙台病毒黑龙江省地方毒株,为检测试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

Detection of hantaviral antibodies among patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology in Japan

Hantaviral antibodies were detected in the sera from patients with hepatic disease of unknown etiology in Japan by several different serological diagnostic methods. A total of 105 sera from diseased patients which were negative to A-G hepatitis virus infections in the Tokyo area were tested. Among them, 3 out of 73 sera from patients with chronic hepatic disease were positive to hantaviral antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) and Western blot analysis (WB). Neutralizing antibody titers of the 3 sera to Seoul virus (SEO) were 4 to 8 times higher than those to Hantaan virus (HTN). However, all of the 32 sera from patients with acute hepatitis were negative for hantaviral antibody. Among the 60 patients with chronic hepatitis in Hokkaido which were serologically negative to B and C hepatitis virus infection, one was positive for hantaviral antibody by ELISA and WB. In contrast, the sera from healthy adults in Japan, 550 from the Honshu and Kyushu regions, and 1,000 from the Hokkaido region, were negative for hantavirus antibody. These results show that hantaviral antibodies are more frequently detected in patients with hepatic disease than in healthy adults. However, the observation that no positive sera were detected from patients with acute hepatitis implies that hantavirus might not be directly related to hepatitis.     

免疫印迹法在实验大鼠汉坦病毒监测中的应用及与间接免疫荧光法之比较

用汉坦病毒汉滩株（７６－１１８）重组核蛋白作为免疫印迹法（ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ以下简称ＷＢ）的诊断抗原,用于实验感染大鼠血清抗体效价测定。同时与用汉城株（ＳＲ－１１）感染的Ｖｅｒｏ－Ｅ６细胞作抗原的间接免疫荧光法（以下简称ＩＦＡ）进行比较。ＷＢ法对３／４标本在大鼠接种病毒后第３天测得血清ＩｇＭ阳性,而ＩＦＡ法仅１／４标本出现阳性,ＩＦＡ效价为１：５１２０的血清,ＷＢ效价为１’：４０９６０,且在血清１：１０稀释时反应带亦清晰。两种方法分别测定６４份大鼠血清。甩ＩＦＡ法,４４份（６８．８％）出现类似阳性的荧光颗粒,而用ＷＢ法测定,无特异的反应带出现。非感染Ｖｅｒｏ－Ｅ６细胞作ＩＦＡ抗原,３０份（４６．９％）与正常细胞抗原有反应,此结果表明ＷＢ法在特异性和敏感性方面均高于ＩＦＡ法。ＩＦＡ法中的非特异性反应系血清与细胞成份之反应。     

Borna disease virus: evidence of naturally-occurring infection in cats in Australia

In Europe, Borna disease virus (BDV) infection has been linked with staggering disease. The aim of this study was serological investigation for BDV infection in Australian cats. De-identified sera were obtained from domestic cats presented at various veterinary clinics. BDV antigen levels were measured by a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA. Antibody to BDV measured semiquantitatively by ELISA was detected in 0.8% of cats from South Australia and 3.2% of animals from NSW Confirmatory assays for ELISA positive samples included Western blot and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with BDV-specific staining. Seven BDV-antigen positive sera (2.4%) were identified in sera from cats from New South Wales (NSW). In blinded testing, amongst a large number of negative results, repeat submissions over a seven-month period from a cat co-infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) were BDV-antigen positive. Anti-BDV antibody detected in this cat by ELISA was confirmed by Western blot (p24/ p40/p56) and IFA. For 4 other anti-BDV ELISA-positive samples, specific reactions with BDV proteins were observed by Western blot. Ten other anti-BDV ELISA-positive samples were IFA positive. These data provide consistent serological evidence that, while horses in Australia are free of BDV infection, there may be a low rate of BDV infection in cats.     

Comparative evaluation of antibody positive titer by ELISA and IFA in Theileria annulata vaccinated cattle in Iran

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate antibody positive titer in vaccinated and non-vaccinated cattle using schizont infected myeloid cells as an antigen. The result was compared with indirect fluorescent antibody level in the same animals. For this study 116 milking cows, 95 vaccinated and 21 non-vaccinated, were bleeded in order to prepare sera. They were tested with both ELISA and IFA tests. 94 sera had positive antibody titer and 22 sera were negative through ELISA test but, with IFA test, only 89 sera showed positive antibody titer and 27 were negative. Thereby, it was concluded that the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA test in comparison with IFA test was 95.5% and 66.6% respectively. This study generally indicated that ELISA could be an effective test for sero-epidemiological investigations of bovine tropical theileriosis, and it is considered to be valid as an additional test to distinguish the vaccinated from the non vaccinated cattle in order to schedule vaccination programs.     

The development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Trypanosoma vivax and its use in a seroepidemiological survey of the Eastern Caribbean Basin

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG antibodies against a South American (New World) strain of Trypanosoma vivax was developed and used for mass screening of cattle from 20 islands in the Eastern Caribbean Basin. The sensitivity and specificity of antigens prepared from a bovine-derived field strain and a murine-adapted laboratory strain of T. vivax, both of New World origin, were compared using an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test, and an antigen prepared from the murine-adapted strain was subsequently used to develop an ELISA test. The results of the ELISA test were then compared with the results of a concurrently run IFA test. There was no cross-reactivity with either test using serum from a Trypanosoma theileri-infected cow. Both tests were weakly cross-reactive with sera from a T. brucei-infected steer, and the IFA test was moderately cross-reactive with several serum samples from a T. evansi-infected steer. For bovine sera collected from herds on islands in the Eastern Caribbean region, only five of 640 tested positive with the ELISA test. Thirty five of 653 sera tested were positive by IFA although the fluorescence elicited was weak as compared to that elicited by sera from known infected animals. Sera collected from 27 cattle in a region known to be free of T. vivax (OH, U.S.A) were negative with the ELISA test, whereas seven of 30 sera from a herd in French Guiana known to be infected with T. vivax were positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

New prospects in immunology of toxoplasmosis: skin-tests for control of immunity and immuno-assays and agglutination tests for the detection of specific IgM antibodies

An excretory-secretory (ES) antigen was extracted from supernatants of cell cultures infected with Toxoplasma gondii, purified and controlled according to current standards. In 638 volunteers, the correlation with fluorescent antibody was 94.2% and no false positive skin tests were noted. The skin test did not transform an originally negative serological test into a positive one. For the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis, this sensitive, specific and inexpensive skin test can be widely used for the detection of immunity to Toxoplasma in women before their first pregnancy. During pregnancy, the detection of specific IgM is very important for the diagnosis of a recently acquired toxoplasmosis and allows for an immediate treatment. For this detection and for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, five different serological tests were compared: Indirect Fluorescent Antibody-test (IFA), ELISA test, ELISA test After Capture of IgM (ACCAs), Reverse Enzyme Immuno Assay R-EIA), Double-Sandwich Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (DS-ELISA) and ImmunoSorbent AGglutination Assay (ISAGA). For 37 sera of recently acquired toxoplasmosis, IgM were detected in 98.7% with ISAGA, in 89.5% with DS-ELISA and ELISA in 83% with R-EIA and in 59% with IFA test. The best specificity is obtained with ISAGA, DS-ELISA and R-EIA, from controls with non immune patients (99 cases), patients with chronic toxoplasmosis (77 sera), rheumatoid factors (35 sera) or anti-nuclear antibodies (7 sera). In 21 sera from infants with congenital toxoplasmosis, ISAGA was positive in 13 cases (62%), IFA in 5 cases (24%), ELISA and R-EIA in 2 cases (9.5%) and DS-ELISA in 9 cases (43%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Detection of the antibody to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in sera of laboratory rodents infected with viruses of laboratory and newly isolated strains by ELISA using purified recombinant nucleoprotein

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect the antibody against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in sera of laboratory animals. In this ELISA system, LCMV-nucleoprotein (NP) expressed by recombinant baculovirus and purified with high molar urea was used as the antigen. Sera from laboratory animals experimentally infected with the Armstrong strain or the newly isolated M1 strain of LCMV were examined to detect anti-LCMV antibody by the ELISA system, and the reactivity was compared with that of IFA test. Regardless of LCMV strain, all the sera of adult mice infected with LCMV were positive with very high optical density (OD). Also, the sera from mice neonatally infected with LCMV M1 strain were positive with slightly lower OD than adult mice. In contrast, all the sera of uninfected mice were negative to LCMV-NP antigen. Similarly, anti-LCMV antibodies were detected in all the sera of hamsters, mastomyses, and gerbils infected with the LCMV Armstrong strain. The results of the ELISA were in complete agreement with those of IFA, and indicate the high sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA system in the detection of anti-LCMV antibody. Because this ELISA system does not require handling infectious LCMV in the course of the antigen preparation and serological assay, there is no risk of contamination in the laboratory or nearby animal facility. In addition, by using negative control antigen in parallel with positive antigen in ELISA, we can exactly check the LCMV contamination in laboratory animals.