鲮鱼的微卫星位点筛选和群体遗传多样性初步分析

利用鲤科鱼类微卫星引物在鲮鱼中进行扩增,结果在24对引物中，13对引物能成功扩增，且在鲮鱼中的扩增产物表现稳定，其中11对有较高多态性,等位基因数在2—7个之间，扩增的条带符合孟德尔遗传规律。随后利用筛选的微卫星座位对鲮鱼野生和养殖群体遗传多样性进行了初步分析。分析结果显示：鲮鱼野生群体的平均等位基因数5.2个；观测杂合度在0.25与0.8之间，平均观测杂合度(Ho)是0.61±0.2，平均期望杂合度(He)是0.8±0.09；群体座位平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.72±0.1。相比之下，养殖群体的平均观测杂合度(Ho)和平均期望杂合度(He)都低于野生群体，分别是0.59±0.2、0.75±0.1。两群体间的遗传相似度为0.7774、遗传距离为0.2518。研究表明：用其他鱼类分离出的微卫星引物可以快速筛选到适用于鲮鱼遗传分析的微卫星座位。     

三个野生群体日本囊对虾遗传多样性的SSR分析

为了解野生种群日本囊对虾遗传分化和改良遗传育种,用SSR技术对福建厦门(XM)、广东湛江(ZJ)、广西北海(BH)3个地区野生日本囊对虾进行遗传多样性的研究。采用了10对微卫星引物对3个野生种群进行分析,10个微卫星位点在3个种群中均表现为高度的多态性,每个位点平均检测到3.87个等位基因;平均多态信息含量为0.5893;3个群体的观测杂合度分别为0.6243、0.5704、0.4661,全部群体观测杂合度平均为0.5536;期望杂合度分别为0.7193、0.6189、0.6226,全部群体平均期望杂合度为0.6536。这说明3个野生种群在10个微卫星位点上均具有丰富的遗传多样性。基于Nei's遗传距离的聚类分析显示厦门群体和湛江群体的遗传距离较近。     

厚壳贻贝养殖群体与野生群体线粒体DNA的遗传分析(英文）

采用线粒体DNA COI基因序列对厚壳贻贝2个养殖群体与2个野生群体的遗传多样性进行了研究。4个群体共获得30个单倍型。结果显示：在养殖群体中单倍型的数量和遗传多样性要比野生群体的低,可能是由于只有少量的有效父母本对养殖群体的遗传变异有贡献所致。养殖群体与当地野生群体之间也未发生显著的遗传分化,可能是因为它们之间存在基因流。在今后厚壳贻贝养殖过程中,本研究可以用在对养殖群体进行遗传监测,从而保证养殖群体的遗传多样性水平。     

草鱼野生和养殖群体间遗传变异的微卫星分析

运用微卫星标记对江苏境内草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)一个野生群体(邗江群体)和两个养殖群体(淡水中心群体和无锡前洲群体)遗传多样性进行了分析。在10个座位中，每个座位检测到的等位基因数2～8个。有效等位基因数、多态信息含量、期望杂合度、平均表观杂合度均以邗江草鱼野生群体最高，分别为3.9、0.506 8、0.693 9、0.7；无锡前洲草鱼养殖群体最低，分别为2.2、0.179 6、0.523 5、0.528 6；淡水中心草鱼养殖群体各参数均介于两者之间，分别为3.5、0.290 2、0.541 8、0.542 9。以上结果表明：草鱼野生群体遗传多样性更为丰富，而草鱼养殖群体存在杂合度降低，遗传多样性下降的现象。邗江草鱼野生群体与淡水中心草鱼养殖群体和无锡前洲草鱼养殖群体间遗传分化系数分别为0.219和0.246，而两个草鱼养殖群体间遗传分化系数为0.034。这表明草鱼野生群体与草鱼养殖群体间分化严重，而草鱼养殖群体间分化微弱。各座位分化程度的χ2检验结果表明，10个座位中有GM18、MFW1-1、MFW1-2三个座位群体间分化达到极显著水平，GM03-2、MFW5两个座位群体间分化差异显著，其他座位分化不显著。针对每个座位对各群体进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验发现：由于草鱼养殖群体在GM03-1、GM03-2、GM18三个位点杂合子缺失，草鱼野生群体在位点GM19杂合子过剩而严重偏离平衡。实验表明：近交容易引起草鱼遗传多样性下降，纯合速度加快。     

三疣梭子蟹增养殖过程对野生种群的遗传影响——以海州湾为例

为探明三疣梭子蟹人工增殖与养殖活动对野生资源的遗传影响,本文利用20对SSR引物对海州湾三疣梭子蟹野生群体与两个养殖群体进行群体遗传结构和遗传分化研究。结果表明,野生种群遗传多样性明显高于养殖群体,其群体杂合度Ho为0.8509,而两个养殖群体的杂合度Ho分别为0.4525和0.5283。海州湾野生三疣梭子蟹的 Ne、Ho、He、PIC均显著高于两个养殖群体（P<0.05）但两养殖群体的 Ne、Ho、He、PIC均无显著差异（P>0.05）。以上结果说明海州湾天然三疣梭子蟹群体的遗传多样性显著高于养殖群体。三群体间遗传分化处于中度水平（Fst,0.1085~0.1448）,基因流Nm处于1.5-2.0间,野生群体与养殖群体的遗传分化比养殖群体内部之间大,基因流也较养殖群体内部之间要小,表明野生群体与养殖群体存在一定的分化,基因流处于中等程度。因此,当前海州湾天然三疣梭子蟹遗传状况良好,养殖活动和人工增殖放流对天然资源的遗传影响还很有限,这可能与海州湾人工养殖三疣梭子蟹时间较短、人工放流的规模较小、时间较短有关。     

湘江野鲤养殖群体和自然群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

采用微卫星技术,用17对微卫星引物对湘江野鲤养殖群体和自然群体的的遗传多样性进行分析.结果表明:有15对引物扩增出清晰的条带,其中13对引物在群体间呈现多态性;2个群体中,13对多态性引物分别扩增等位基因2～12个,共90个,其中35个等位基因为2群体共有,55个等位基因具有群体特异性,引物平均等位基因数为6.92个,等位基因频率为0.0667～0.8333;养殖群体和自然群体的平均遗传杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为0.5688、0.5152,0.5860、0.5347;2个群体间遗传相似性指数为0.6762,遗传距离为0.3238,表明湘江野鲤养殖和自然群体遗传多样性均较为丰富,2个群体间遗传变异程度较高.     

吉富罗非鱼第二十一代选育群体微卫星标记研究

采用10对微卫星引物对广东省化州光辉养殖场有限公司新选育的吉富罗非鱼第21代群体进行遗传多样性研究。结果显示:10对引物在48尾吉富罗非鱼中共检测到57个等位基因(Na),平均值为5.700;有效等位基因(Ne)平均值为3.726;观测杂合度(Ho)在0.750~1之间,平均值为0.896;多态信息含量(PIC)在0.390~0.797之间,平均值为0.640。表明该吉富罗非鱼选育群体具有较高的遗传多样性水平,可作为选育和养殖基础群体。     

稀有鮈鲫近交系微卫星多态性分析

利用17对微卫星引物对稀有鮈鲫（Gobiocypris rarus）野生群体和近交系F20和F22进行了遗传分析。结果表明在野生群体中17个微卫星位点均为多态位点,但在F20中仅有6个多态位点,F22中则仅有4个多态位点。在野生群体中共检测到64个等位基因,F20、F22分别为26、21个。近交系的平均基因纯合率均较高,其中F20为86.18%,F22达91.96%,而野生群体平均基因纯合率为46.84%。近交系平均杂合度和平均多态信息含量均较野生群体低。在近交系F20和F22中,群体间遗传相似性指数最大,其遗传距离最小,说明二者之间的亲缘关系最近。HAN系遗传多样性明显降低,已具有较高的遗传纯度。     

基于线粒体DNA控制区序列的重庆岩原鲤人工养殖群体遗传多样性分析

为研究重庆市长寿和涪陵地区岩原鲤(Procypris rabaudi)人工养殖群体的遗传多样性, 采用PCR扩增获得175尾岩原鲤个体的线粒体DNA控制区(mtDNA D-loop)部分序列片段。对其中692 bp序列分析共发现11个单倍型, 其中Hap1为主要单倍型, 占总样本的76.57%。单倍型Hap10演化速率较快, 并且与单倍型Hap6遗传距离最远。长寿及涪陵地区岩原鲤人工群体的单倍型多样性分别为0.4100±0.0550和0.3970±0.0820, 核苷酸多样性分别为0.0013±0.0003和0.0013±0.0004。通过与长江上游江段野生群体(苍溪江段、合江江段、木洞江段、通江江段、万州江段、武隆江段、习水河和唐河)及北碚区人工养殖群体的遗传多样性进行比较, 发现岩原鲤长寿及涪陵地区人工养殖群体遗传多样性明显低于野生群体, 但略高于北碚人工养殖群体。为保持岩原鲤人工养殖群体的遗传多样性, 应尽量选择遗传距离较远的亲本进行配对, 并定期补充不同遗传背景的个体作为后备亲鱼。     

黄颡鱼微卫星标记的筛选及三个野生群体的遗传结构分析

为了探明长江中上游流域黄颡鱼野生群体的遗传多样性状况和遗传结构,本研究采用磁珠富集法筛选出10个黄颡鱼微卫星标记,并利用其对长江中上游流域3个黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidrac)野生群体(赤水群体、乐山群体、洞庭群体)的遗传结构进行分析。获得65个阳性克隆并测序,得到36个含有微卫星的序列,设计并合成了22对微卫星引物,经筛选得到10对多态性稳定的引物,其中高多态性位点6个,中多态位点3个。每对引物等位基因数2-9个,平均4.8。3个群体(赤水、乐山和洞庭)的平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.5438、0.4568和0.3965,平均有效等位基因(Ne)分别为2.9928、2.5401和2.1713,平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.6280、0.5277和0.4757,表明这3个群体遗传多样性水平较高,其中赤水群体遗传多样性最高,洞庭群体最低。种群分化指数(Fst)和遗传距离(Ds)分析表明,洞庭群体和乐山群体之间的亲缘关系最近,而与赤水群体的亲缘关系最远。聚类分析显示,乐山群体和洞庭群体聚为一支,赤水群体单独聚为一支。     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.