酶促重组等温扩增实时荧光法快速检测肺炎支原体方法的建立及应用北大核心CSCD

利用酶促重组等温扩增(enzymatic recombinase amplification,ERA)技术建立快速检测肺炎支原体的实时荧光检测方法。针对肺炎支原体P1基因设计特异性引物和探针,优化反应条件,分析其敏感性和特异性,并对临床样本进行验证。ERA实时荧光法在25-40℃均具有扩增能力,在35℃条件下对肺炎支原体的扩增效果最好,20 min内可完成扩增;该法对肺炎支原体的检出限为10^(3) copies/μL;并对其他6种呼吸道病原体进行检测,均无扩增曲线产生,有较好的特异性;以荧光定量PCR法检测结果为标准,ERA实时荧光法对34份临床样本的检测结果的诊断敏感度为96.15%、特异度为100%、阳性预测值为100%、阴性预测值为88.89%。本研究构建的ERA实时荧光法可以快速简单、灵敏和特异地检测出肺炎支原体,满足现场检测的需求。     

A组轮状病毒可视化RT-LAMP方法的建立

【目的】建立一种利用颜色判定的快速、简单、灵敏度高的检测方法,即可视化的逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)方法,并应用于人A组轮状病毒的基因检测。【方法】针对A组轮状病毒VP6基因的6个保守区域设计4条特异性引物,在64 °C恒温条件下进行核酸扩增反应1 h,在扩增前加入染料钙黄绿素(Calcein)作为反应指示剂,以钙黄绿素的颜色变化作为结果判定标准。评价该方法的特异性和灵敏度,并同时利用RT-LAMP和RT-PCR两种方法对90份临床腹泻样本中的病毒核酸进行检测。【结果】RT-LAMP方法特异性较高,灵敏度可以达到103 copies/μL RNA分子水平,比RT-PCR高出100倍。对临床标本的检出率与RT-PCR方法相当。【结论】建立的RT-LAMP法灵敏度较高,特异性强,节省时间,结果可视化,具有野外检测和现场快速检测的潜力。     

基于LAMP技术建立解脲支原体基因试纸条检测方法

目的建立一种灵敏度高、特异性强、检测速度快的方法检测解脲支原体。方法基于环介导恒温扩增技术（LAMP）,根据解脲支原体序列特征设计3对引物进行解脲支原体DNA切口酶核酸恒温扩增,扩增过程在一对引物中标记生物素,随着扩增的进行生物素直接引入扩增片段中,扩增结束后产物在密闭装置中进行免疫试纸条显色反应,根据显色卡的颜色判定结果的阴阳性。结果该技术检测解脲支原体较实时荧光PCR技术灵敏度要高10倍以上,其它病原体检测均阴性该方法特异性与实时荧光PCR技术相当。结论恒温扩增联合试纸条技术检测解脲支原体具有较高的敏感性和特异性,检测速度快,适合各医院开展。     

新型p1 基因型肺炎支原体分型方法的建立与应用

【目的】针对肺炎支原体新型p1基因型(V2c型)菌株检测工作的需要,建立相应PCR检测方法并进行评价。【方法】针对新型V2c型肺炎支原体菌株p1基因变异区域序列设计特异性扩增引物,建立对V2c型肺炎支原体菌株进行PCR检测的检测方法并用相关基因测序进行验证。使用所建立的巢式多重PCR对北京地区2008-2011年分离到的214株临床肺炎支原体进行分型分析。【结果】特异引物可有效检测出V2c菌株,在其它型别菌株均无阳性扩增。214株肺炎支原体临床分离株中1型菌株占90.2%(193/214),V2a型菌株占0.9%(2/214),V2c型菌株占8.9%(19/214);未检出2型菌株。【结论】针对V2c型肺炎支原体所建立的基于p1基因的PCR检测方法,能有效区分以往方法无法检测出的新型V2c型肺炎支原体菌株,对开展肺炎支原体流行病学调查和病原分析有重要意义。     

高灵敏可视化核酸试纸条法快速检测HBV DNA

目的：本研究旨在建立一种基于试纸条的快速、灵敏及可视化检测乙型肝炎病毒核酸的方法。方法：利用聚合酶链反应扩增乙肝病毒的保守区,其中上、下游引物的5＇端分别修饰异硫氰酸荧光素和生物素。核酸试纸条上的胶体金以及检测线处分别标记有链霉亲和素以及抗荧光素抗体。将扩增产物与展开液混合后点样,10 min后即可用肉眼判读结果。在优化了展开液成分、上样体积以及上样浓度之后,对该方法的灵敏度进行了评价。最后收集15例阴性样本及33例HBsAg阳性样本,按血清标志物结果进行分类后使用核酸试纸条进行检测,并与实时荧光PCR的结果进行了比较。结果：试纸条检测乙肝病毒核酸的灵敏度为250copies/mL。在临床样本的测定中,该方法与实时荧光定量PCR的特异性均为100%。且两种方法检测不同血清标志物类型的阳性检出率无差异。结论：核酸试纸条技术能够用于乙肝病毒核酸的可视化检测,与实时荧光PCR相比检测速度快,具有较好的灵敏度和特异性,适合流行病学调查以及在基层医院体检使用。     

高灵敏可视化核酸试纸条法快速检测 HBV DNA

目的:本研究旨在建立一种基于试纸条的快速、灵敏及可视化检测乙型肝炎病毒核酸的方法.方法:利用聚合酶链反应扩增乙肝病毒的保守区,其中上、下游引物的5'端分别修饰异硫氰酸荧光素和生物素.核酸试纸条上的胶体金以及检测线处分别标记有链霉亲和素以及抗荧光素抗体.将扩增产物与展开液混合后点样,10min 后即可用肉眼判读结果.在优化了展开液成分、上样体积以及上样浓度之后,对该方法的灵敏度进行了评价.最后收集15例阴性样本及33例HBsAg 阳性样本,按血清标志物结果进行分类后使用核酸试纸条进行检测,并与实时荧光PCR的结果进行了比较.结果:试纸条检测乙肝病毒核酸的灵敏度为250eopies/mL.在临床样本的测定中,该方法与实时荧光定量PCR的特异性均为100%.且两种方法检测不同血清标志物类型的阳性检出率无差异.结论:核酸试纸条技术能够用于乙肝病毒核酸的可视化检测,与实时荧光PCR相比检测速度快,具有较好的灵敏度和特异性,适合流行病学调查以及在基层医院体检使用.     

软骨寡聚基质蛋白荧光免疫层析定量检测方法建立

本研究旨在建立一种可用于类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA)辅助诊断的人软骨寡聚基质蛋白(cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, COMP)荧光层析检测方法。采用双抗体夹心法原理制备免疫层析试纸条,并进行性能评价及方法学对比。通过对临床样本的检测得到受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线,计算试纸条灵敏度、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值。线性范围为0.39–50.00ng/mL;批内批间变异系数均小于15%;试纸条37℃加速破坏20d,荧光信号强度变化范围在15%以内;与类风湿因子(rheumatoid factor,RF)、抗环瓜氨酸肽(anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide,anti-CCP)抗体无交叉反应;与ELISA试剂盒平行检测48份临床血清样本,相关性良好。采用本研究制备的试纸条检测样本,COMP区分RA患者和健康人的cut-off值为22.55 ng/mL (灵敏度为0.821,特异度为0.842,阳性预测值为0.741,阴性预...     

基于CRISPR/Cas13a的金黄色葡萄球菌mecA耐药基因检测方法的建立

【目的】 针对目前耐药基因检测通常需要依赖专业检测设施和设备,仍缺乏耐药基因快速检测方法这一问题,旨在建立一种基于成簇规律间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR)的金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus) mecA耐药基因快速检测方法。【方法】 首先在mecA基因序列的保守区中设计筛选出灵敏度较高的重组酶介导链替换核酸扩增(recombinase aided amplification, RAA)引物和CRISPR RNA (CRISPR RNA, crRNA),通过结合消线法核酸检测试纸技术(easy-readout and sensitive enhanced, ERASE)建立针对mecA基因的检测方法,最后利用模拟样本及临床分离样本对建立的新方法与传统方法进行比较。【结果】 成功筛选出了1组针对mecA耐药基因的高效扩增引物和crRNA,并建立了基于CRISPR-ERASE的mecA耐药基因高灵敏核酸检测方法,最低检出限为10 copies/μL,在32株临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌中,该方法共检出24株mecA耐药基因阳性菌株,与药敏试验及荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qPCR)检测结果符合率为100%。【结论】 建立了一种基于CRISPR-ERASE核酸检测试纸技术的简单、高灵敏的mecA耐药基因检测方法。     

核酸试纸条在检测转EPSPS基因作物中的应用

目的:建立快速、简便和特异的检测转EPSPS基因作物的方法。方法:针对转EPSPS基因作物外源基因cp4-EPSPS的8个区域,设计2对特异性引物和1对环引物,对反应体系中的MgSO4、内引物、环引物、甜菜碱、dNTP浓度和反应温度等条件分别进行优化,并用核酸试纸条对扩增产物进行检测,建立用于检测转EPSPS基因作物的环介导等温扩增方法(LAMP)。结果:用建立的LAMP方法检测转EPSPS基因作物时,在64℃恒温反应30 min,即可根据试纸条显色直接观察结果;该方法具有高度特异性,可检测到10个拷贝的EPSPS DNA。结论:LAMP方法可快速、灵敏、特异、经济地检测转EPSPS基因作物,在基层和实验室都具有良好的应用前景。     

A rapid method for detecting fungi-toxic substances

A simple and rapid technique is reported for the preliminary screening of fungi-toxic extracts/samples by direct spotting onto silica gel plates and subsequent over-spraying with a fungal spore suspension. After incubation fungi-toxicity is indicated by a growth inhibition zone, the area of which is related to the concentration of the sample.B.K. Rana and V. Taneja are with the Department of Biochemistry. Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; U.P. Singh is with the Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.     

A rapid visual method to identify transformed plants

Summary A rapid, efficient assay that is nondestructive and semiquantitative for identifying transgenic plants and progeny from Biolistic^? and protoplast transformations is described. Leaf sections of maize and wheat plants are placed on an indicator medium containing chlorophenol red and the selection agent. Changes in the color of the medium from red to yellow resulting from altered pH indicate transformed plants within 2-5 d. The method is particularly suited to use with phosphinothricin and could be used with other suitable selectable markers.     

A rapid urease test for presumptive identification of Cryptococcus neoformans

A rapid method to evidence urease activity is described. Urea hydrolysis and consequent production ammonia are detected by a chemical reaction producing a blue phenol compound (indophenol blue). Three hundred and three yeast were tested. Out of 107 urease-positive organisms detected by Christensen's Urea Agar Test (CUAT) 102 were positive by our method. No false negatives were observed by this method when testing 87 Cryptococcus strains. Ths practical screening test for presumptive identification of Cryptococcus neoformans is simple, unaffected by pH changes and requires 15 minutes to be performed.     

An improvement of tomato protoplast culture for rapid plant regeneration

Tomato mesophyll protoplasts were cultured in TM2 medium containing 5.7 M -naphthaleneacetic acid and 2.4 M benzyladenine and were incubated either in stationary culture or on an orbital shaker at 25–30 strokes per min, in combination with interval addition of fresh medium. The effects of stationary and shaking conditions on the growth of the colonies and their subsequent shoot organogenesis were significantly different. The cultures maintained in stationary condition without adding fresh medium accumulated a thin membranous layer on the medium surface and whitish substance in the medium that seemed to precede cell browning and premature colony death. Mild shaking conditions along with the reduction of colony density by one half by dividing the contents of one dish into two dishes, after adding 2 ml of fresh medium on the 4th day and further addition of fresh medium (0.5 ml) on the 8th day of plating, provided optimal conditions for colony growth and suppressed thin layer and whitish substance accumulation. Ten-day-old colonies raised through this protocol regenerated shoots rapidly (within 19–20 days after initial plating) after transfer to regeneration medium (MS medium with 2.8 M zeatin riboside, 0.06–0.1 M gibberellic acid, 4% sucrose and 1% type VII agarose) directly bypassing the callus phase.Abbreviations BA benzyladenine - GA₃ gibberellic acid - IAA indoleacetic acid - MS Murashige & Skoog (1962) medium - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - SPM stroke per min - GLM General Linear Models - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid     

Sensitive and rapid identification of Vibrio vulnificus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification

Vibrio vulnificus is a serious bacterial pathogen for humans and aquatic animals. We developed a rapid, sensitive and specific identification method for V. vulnificus using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. A set of primers, composed of two outer primers and two inner primers, was designed based on the cytolysin gene sequence of V. vulnificus. The LAMP reaction was processed in a heat block at 65 °C for 60 min. The amplification products were detected by visual inspection using SYBR Green I, as well as by electrophoresis on agarose gels. Our results showed that the LAMP reaction was highly specific to V. vulnificus. This method was 10-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR. In conclusion, the LAMP assay was extremely rapid, simple, cost-effective, sensitive and specific for the rapid identification of V. vulnificus.     

Predator protection versus rapid growth in a montane leaf beetle

Summary Adults and larvae of Chrysomela aenicollis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) feed on foliage of Salix species (Salicaceae) between 2,400–3,400 m above sea level in the eastcentral Sierra Nevada mountains of California. We predicted that (1) cold climatic conditions would be a more frequent source of mortality at higher elevations, (2) mildweather agents of mortality such as predation should be more severe at lower elevations, and (3) populations of C. aenicollis would be adapted to the local selective regime at each elevation. We tested these predictions in 1984 and 1985 by transferring over 6,000 eggs and larvae within and between two sites at 2,810 and 3,240 m elevation above sea level. During mild summer weather at both sites, survivorship on Salix branches isolated by a barrier of sticky resin was similar to that on control branches, and we concluded that aerial predators were the primary cause of mortality. At least one major predator, a solitary wasp (Symmorphus sp., Hymenoptera: Eumenidae), was specifically associated with C. aenicollis at the lower site, where beetle mortality was highest. At both sites in 1984 and 1985, larvae originating from the lower site remained in aggregations and survived more frequently than larvae from the upper site, suggesting that they are better defended against predators. During a storm with cold weather late in the 1984 season, larvae and pupae died more frequently at the upper site, and there was a marginally significant trend (P<0.1) for the lower site individuals to die more frequently than upper site larvae during the cold storm. Upper site larvae grew approximately 10% faster than lower site larvae at the lower site and under controlled conditions in the laboratory. These findings indicate that upper and lower site populations were adapted to the local selective regime, which suggest how populations of montane phytopagous insects may adapt to changing elevations.     

A rapid DNA preparation for PCR fromChlamydomonas reinhardtii andArabidopsis thaliana

A method for preparing DNA for PCR has been adapted from the forensic work of Walsh et al. (Biotechniques 10:506–513) for use withChlamydomonas reinhardtii andArabidopsis thaliana. The method consists of a short incubation of cells or tissue in ethanol, followed by addition of Chelex-100 and heat treatment. Following centrifugation, the supernatant is added directly to the PCR reaction; forChlamydomonas, amplification product is visible over a range of four orders of magnitude of starting cells. Using this method, DNA suitable for PCR template can also be obtained fromArabidopsis leaf tissue without grinding, organic extraction or precipitation steps. This method may prove to be useful for other plant and algal species.     

芦竹的组培快繁技术研究

该研究以从匈牙利引进的良种芦竹带腋芽茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,通过设计不同的生长调节剂配比,对芦竹腋芽诱导、继代增殖及生根培养基进行了研究。结果表明:良种芦竹初代诱导最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 4.0 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖30.0 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1),萌发率为90.0%;继代增殖最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 8.0 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.8 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖30.0 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1),芽健壮均匀,增殖系数为4.3/30 d,基部保留3~5个芽作为继代培养物增殖效果最佳;选择高度5.0 cm以上的植株进行生根,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖20.0 g·L~(-1)+活性碳1.0 g·L~(-1),不添加琼脂,培养1周生根率为100.0%,平均生根4条,根长2.0~4.0 cm;将所得生根苗炼苗1周,以河沙、黄泥或腐质土作为栽培基质,移栽于阴蔽度70的大棚中,1个月后移栽成活率≥98.0%;移栽于实验田中,按常规方式进行管理,当年亩产量约为5 500.0 kg。该研究结果为良种芦竹的大规模产业化应用提供了技术支撑。     

An impedimetric method for rapid screening of cosmetic preservatives

An efficient impedance method was developed for rapid evaluation of cosmetic preservatives. The method used decimal reduction time or D-value to assess preservative efficacies. The D-value, which was calculated from the plot of Log CFU ml^–1 versus time by linear regression analysis, could be obtained within 48 h. Thus, the time required for the challenge test was reduced from 4–8 weeks with the standard procedures (eg US Pharmacopeia), to 2 days with the current method. A calibration curve (r=-0.95) was established by plotting the Log CFU ml^–1 versus capacitance detection time (DT) of 108 samples. With the calibration, CFU can be estimated directly from the impedance test without plating. Two commercial biocides and several other chemicals were evaluated in a shampoo by the impedance procedure againstPseudomonas aeruginosa. The D-values obtained from the impedance test were not significantly different from those produced by the conventional plate count method. The technique was found to be particularly useful when screening a large number of compounds to find novel preservatives and synergistic preservative combinations.