呼吸道黏蛋白5AC基因转录表达的顺式调控元件分析

目的：探讨呼吸道黏蛋白（mucin,MUC）5AC基因5'上游序列顺式调控元件在中性粒细胞弹力酶(neutrophil elastase , NE)诱导MUC5AC基因转录表达的调控机制。方法：应用DNA重组技术,构建含萤光素酶报告基因和MUC5AC启动子不同长度片段的嵌合质粒。采用定点突变技术,在嵌合质粒的基础上构建MUC5AC启动子区特殊蛋白（specificity protein）-1和核因子(nuclear factor, NF)-κB结合位点单独突变体,并测定NE刺激的转染细胞荧光素酶相对活性。结果：成功构建了4种含有不同长度MUC5AC基因启动子序列的荧光索酶报告基因质粒。含有启动子序列-1330bp、-689bp、-324bp的嵌合质粒荧光素酶相对光强度较对照组均显著增加,而含有启动子序列-64bp的嵌合质粒荧光素酶相对光强度与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。NE可诱导含有MUC5AC启动子区NF-кB结合位点单独突变体（pGL3E-MUC5AC-NF-кB-MU）荧光素酶相对光强度增加,而NE不能诱导Sp-l结合位点单独突变体（pGL3E-MUC5AC-SP-1-MU）荧光素酶表达增加。结论：MUC5AC 5'上游序列中-324～-64位点存在参与NE诱导MUC5AC基因表达的重要调控元件,位于此区域的顺式作用元件Sp-1位点在NE诱导MUC5AC基因表达机制中起重要作用,该位点可能作为靶向性基因治疗的关键调控元件。     

棉铃虫细胞色素P450基因CYP9A17v2核心启动子区缺失分析

CYP9A17v2的过量表达与棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性相关。为了研究CYP9A17v2表达调控机制, 对CYP9A17v2核心启动子区域的功能进行了分析;构建了含荧光素酶报告基因和CYP9A17v2启动子不同长度缺失片段(-1 095~+43)的重组质粒, 转染Sf9细胞瞬时表达后用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统检测启动子活性。功能分析结果表明: 所有的7个缺失片段均具有启动子活性, -197~+43启动子区域的转录活性最高。在CYP9A17v2基因5′-调控区-197~-113区域内可能存在转录增强因子的结合位点, 而在-1 095~-197区域内可能存在转录抑制因子的结合位点。本研究为探索棉铃虫CYP9A17v2过量表达的转录调控机理奠定了重要基础。     

人A4GNT基因5'调控区的结构和功能分析

为探索人α1,4-N-乙酰葡糖胺转移酶(α1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase,A4GNT)基因表达的调控机制,应用5'cDNA末端快速扩增法和引物延伸法确定了A4GNT基因的转录起始位点.在生物信息学分析的基础上,构建了系列5'缺失荧光素酶报告基因载体和定点突变载体.瞬时转染胃癌细胞MKN45和AGS.荧光素酶活性分析表明,A4GNT基因转录的核心启动子在-141bp～+116bp区域,该区域缺乏典型的TATA盒,但含有CCAAT盒、Sp1和ETS-1等转录因子潜在结合位点.突变分析显示,-136bp～-131bp的Sp1结合位点及-93bp～-89bp正向CCAAT序列对A4GNT启动子转录激活至关重要.电泳迁移率变动分析表明,这两个顺式作用元件能够与转录因子Sp1和NF-Y结合.另外,在-1464bp～-771bp区域可能含有与基因的特异性表达相关的调控元件.     

猪CuZnSOD基因启动子的克隆鉴定及分析

猪铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZnSOD)是一种重要的抗氧化酶,其功能已被广泛研究,但CuZnSOD基因的转录调控尚不明确。为了研究猪CuZnSOD基因的核心启动子区域,并对其转录调控机制进行探讨,运用PCR方法从猪基因组克隆CuZnSOD基因5′上游调控区853 bp的片段,然后通过巢式PCR方法获得5′末端逐渐缺失的启动子系列片段,并将这些片段定向插入到荧光素酶报告基因表达载体(pGL3-Basic)中。瞬时转染小鼠胚胎细胞(NIH/3T3),利用双荧光素酶报告基因检测不同长度启动子活性。检测结果显示,在CuZnSOD基因5′上游调控区-87 bp和-266 bp处分别存在2个潜在转录起始位点,-383 bp~+67 bp启动区活性最强,进一步缺失分析发现-75 bp~-32 bp区域内含有猪CuZnSOD基因转录所必需的基础启动子序列,其中存在多个潜在的转录因子结合位点,研究结果提示这些转录因子结合位点可能是参与CuZnSOD基因转录的重要调控序列。     

小鼠精胺氧化酶基因启动子结构和功能研究

目的:克隆和鉴定小鼠精胺氧化酶(mSMO)启动子DNA序列.方法:用Trizol试剂法从小鼠成纤维细胞中提取总RNA,应用5'-RACE法获得mSMO的转录起始位点;巢式PCR方法克隆含有mSMO启动子的DNA序列,并由此构建5'端系列截短的mSMO启动子荧光素酶报告质粒;将报告质粒瞬时转染Cos7细胞后,用荧光素酶分析法测定启动子活性.结果:确定mSMO基因至少有6个转录起始位点(+1,+4,+27,+31,+51,和+63),且均定位于外显子1中.克隆获得mSMO基因转录起始位点上游大约2.1kb的DNA片断,以此片段为基础构建了11个5'端系列截短的启动子报告质粒.报告基因分析证实,该上游DNA片段具有启动子活性,截短至-615和-176bp时,获得2个启动子活性峰值,截短至-373bp时启动子活性最低.结论:mSMO基因含有多个转录起始位点,其上游-176～+124bp为mSMO核心启动子区,-615～-176bp区为重要的转录调控区.     

斑马鱼tnfb启动子的克隆和报告基因载体的活性分析

本研究通过采用生物信息学软件预测细胞因子tnfb基因5'上游2 000 bp左右的序列,并预测其相关的转录因子,克隆启动子,构建双荧光素酶报告基因表达载体,经双酶切和测序鉴定,最后通过双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测重组载体的活性。研究发现tnfb的转录因子结合位点为:Oct-1、TBP、GATA-1、RSRFC4、GLO、C/EBPα、NF-资B、ER、Pit-1a、Oct-2、Oct-2.1、RAP1。tnfb的启动子区没有发现Cp G岛,其5'侧翼序列含有与转录密切相关的TATA Box和CAAT Box转录元件。将tnfb的启动子片段插入p GL3-enhancer构建p GL3-tnfb-promoter-enhancer质粒后,质粒经酶切测序显示酶切片段大小一致,序列正确;转染了p GL3-tnfbpromoter的Raw264.7细胞的相对荧光素酶活性高于对照组细胞,双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统证实构建的p GL3-tnfb-promoter-enhancer具有启动子活性。为研究tnfb参与的免疫相关的信号通路之间的调控提供了有力的研究工具。     

原核增强子样序列3A的克隆及其结构与功能的研究

 从大肠杆菌 C60 0株染色体基因组中筛选到一个原核增强子样序列 3A,其正、反向增强活性分别能提高 β-半乳糖苷酶活性 7.1 1和 2 .93倍 .采用体内转录 ,RNA斑点印迹杂交的方法 ,证明3A序列对于基因表达的调控发生在转录水平上 . 3A功能区的研究表明 ,3A增强活性主要位于距其正向克隆 5′端 (增强活性较强的方向称为正向 ,反之为反向 ) 30 0～ 540 bp,长约 2 4 0 bp的区段内 ,并证明 3A片段增强活性至少由两个增强活性位点组成     

人FAM33A基因启动子的克隆与鉴定

目的鉴定人FAM33A基因的启动子,为进一步研究其转录调控机制奠定基础。方法采用5’RACE技术（5’端cDNA快速扩增）鉴定FAM33A的转录起始位点。采用PCR定向克隆、酶切亚克隆等策略,构建FAM33A启动子荧光素酶报告基因。采用Lipofeetamine^TM2000转染H1299细胞,并通过Dual-Lu-ciferase@ Reporter Assay System进行荧光素酶报告基因活性检测。结果确定了FAM33A的转录起始位点,构建了覆盖FAM33A 5’端ATG附近约2kb区域的一系列FAM33A启动子荧光素酶报告基因。启动子活性分析表明,这些重组体均具有较高的启动子活性,同时含有典型的GC盒以及Sp1、E2F和GATA-1等潜在的转录因子结合位点。结论FAM33A启动子区域主要定位于转录起始位点附近约590bp的区域内。     

鸡IGFBP2基因3′UTR区1196C>A单核苷酸多态性的功能性鉴定及分析

鸡IGFBP2基因3′非编码区(3′UTR)1196CA单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与鸡的腹脂重和腹脂率显著相关.生物信息学分析显示,该SNP恰好位于gga-mi R-456-3p的一个潜在靶基因结合位点处,提示IGFBP2基因可能是gga-mi R-456-3p的一个靶基因,且该SNP位点可能影响gga-mi R-456-3p对IGFBP2基因表达的调控作用.为鉴定SNP 1196CA是否为功能性SNP,本研究分别构建了包含该SNP位点C或A等位基因的双荧光素酶报告基因载体,比较分析这两个等位基因在鸡胚成纤维细胞系(DF1)和鸡前脂肪细胞中对报告基因活性和表达的影响;利用mi RNA mimics和inhibitor分析gga-mi R-456-3p对不同等位基因报告基因活性以及内源性IGFBP2表达的影响.结果发现,在DF1细胞和鸡前脂肪细胞中,A等位基因的报告基因活性和表达均显著高于C等位基因(P0.05);gga-mi R-456-3p仅影响C等位基因的报告基因活性和表达,而对A等位基因的报告基因活性没有明显影响;gga-mi R-456-3p调控细胞内源性IGFBP2基因的m RNA和蛋白质表达.本研究证实IGFBP2基因是gga-mi R-456-3p的靶基因,其3′UTR区SNP 1196CA是一个功能性SNP,它影响gga-mi R-456-3p对鸡IGFBP2基因的表达调控作用.本研究结果对于鸡的分子辅助选择育种及IGFBP2基因在脂肪沉积中调控机制的阐明具有重要意义.     

家蚕滞育关联山梨醇脱氢酶基因的启动子活性分析

【目的】明确家蚕Bombyx mori滞育关联基因山梨醇脱氢酶基因BmSDH(BmSDH-1,BmSDH-2a和BmSDH-2b)的转录特性。【方法】用5'RACE技术确定家蚕3个BmSDH基因的转录起始位点。利用PCR技术克隆3个BmSDH基因约1 kb及BmSDH-2a不同长度的启动子区序列,分别构建带有萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因的载体pGL3-BmSDH-P-luc,并与pRL-CMV报告质粒(含海肾荧光素酶报告基因)共转染家蚕BmN细胞,通过双荧光素酶检测系统检测BmSDH基因启动子活性;分别在BmN细胞培养基中添加昆虫保幼激素、蜕皮激素和滞育激素,通过双荧光素酶检测系统检测不同浓度激素处理对BmSDH-2a基因启动子活性的影响。【结果】BmSDH-1的转录起始位点为A(-41),BmSDH-2a的转录起始位点为C(-41),BmSDH-2b的转录起始位点为A(-40)(翻译起始位点为+1)。双荧光素酶检测结果表明,BmSDH-2a启动子活性极显著高于BmSDH-1和BmSDH-2b启动子,BmSDH-2a 355 bp长度片段的启动子活性极显著高于674 bp和1 117 bp长度片段。用不同浓度滞育激素处理BmN细胞后,BmSDH-2a的1 117 bp启动子活性随着滞育激素浓度的升高有上升的趋势,当浓度高于100 ng/mL时启动子活性有所降低但仍保持在较高水平;用保幼激素进行处理后,随着激素浓度的升高启动子活性逐渐降低;蜕皮激素处理后,0.1 ng/mL激素显著增强启动子活性,当激素浓度继续升高启动子活性逐渐降低。【结论】确定了BmSDH基因的转录起始位点。BmSDH-2a启动子活性显著高于BmSDH-1和BmSDH-2b启动子,一定浓度的蜕皮激素能显著提高BmSDH-2a启动子活性。研究结果有助于阐明BmSDH基因在家蚕滞育中的功能。     

Association of the A-204C polymorphism in the cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene with variations in plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the Framingham Offspring Study.

The first reaction of the catabolic pathway of cholesterol is catalyzed by CYP7 and serves as the rate-limiting step and major site of regulation of bile acid synthesis in the liver. A common A to C substitution at position -204 of the promoter of CYP7 gene has been associated with variations in plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations but the effect of this polymorphism is unknown in the general population. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the association of this polymorphism to lipoprotein levels in a population-based sample of 1139 male and 1191 female Framingham Offspring participants. In men, the C variant was associated with higher plasma concentrations of LDL-cholesterol and this association remained significant after adjustment for familial relationship, age, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, the use of beta-blockers, and apoE genotype. The C variant was also associated with an increased TC/HDL ratio in men. Variance components analysis indicated that allelic variability at nucleotide -204 of the CYP7 gene and polymorphism of the apoE gene accounted for 1 and 5% of the variation of plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations, respectively. In women, however, there was no relationship between LDL-cholesterol and the A-204C polymorphism but subjects homozygous for the CC genotype had significantly lower triglyceride levels than heterozygotes. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between the A-204C variants and lipoprotein particle diameter or the prevalence of coronary heart disease in both genders. Thus, our results show that the A-204C polymorphism in the CYP7 gene is associated with statistically significant variations in LDL-C and triglyceride concentrations in men and women, respectively, but the cumulative effects of these variations on atherosclerotic risk remain uncertain.     

Characterization of adjacent E-box and nuclear factor 1-like DNA binding sequence in the human CYP1A2 promoter

To better understand the molecular mechanisms of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) regulation, we have characterized a region of the promoter (+3 to -176) that contains a single E-box and an adjacent nuclear factor 1 (NF1)-like DNA binding site. The E-box was shown to specifically bind nuclear proteins that were recognized by antibodies against upstream stimulatory factor (USF) 1 and 2. Comparison of NF1 binding proteins in HepG2 cells and primary cultures of rat hepatocytes revealed different patterns of DNA-protein complexes, all of which were recognized by a general NF1 antibody. Mutations of the E-box resulted in substantial reduction of promoter activity in either primary hepatocytes or HepG2 cells regardless of the presence in the reporter constructs of other CYP1A2 regulatory elements, such as the hepatic nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1) binding site. In contrast, reporter gene activity of the promoter construct harboring the mutated NF1-like binding site was affected by upstream sequences when transfected into HepG2 cells, but not in primary hepatocytes. We conclude that both USF proteins and different isoforms of NF1 contribute to the constitutive expression of CYP1A2.     

Role of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in nutrigenetics and pharmacogenetics of cholesterol lowering

The relationship between dietary composition/cholesterol-lowering therapy and final plasma lipid levels is to some extent genetically determined. It is clear that these responses are under polygenic control, with multiple variants in many genes participating in the total effect (and with each gene contributing a relatively small effect). Using different experimental approaches, several candidate genes have been analyzed to date.Interesting and consistent results have been published recently regarding the A-204C promoter variant in the cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene. CYP7A1 is a rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis and therefore plays an important role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. CYP7A1-204CC homozygotes have the greatest decrease in total cholesterol level in response to dietary changes in different types of dietary intervention studies. In contrast, one study has reported that the effect of statins in lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels was slightly greater in -204AA homozygotes. The CYP7A1 A-204C variant accounts for a significant proportion of the genetic predisposition of the response of plasma cholesterol levels.