螺旋脂质体的研究——Ⅰ.含有心磷脂的两相体系形成螺旋脂质体的条件

用CL(心磷脂)与DMPC(二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱)或DPPC(二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱)所组成的两组体系制备脂质体,可形成少量管状脂质体.加Ca~(2+)或其它二价阳离子后可形成单股或双股螺旋.对产生这类螺旋脂质体的各种条件进行了研究.     

溶血磷脂对磷脂脂质体行为和结构的影响

利用差示量热扫描、荧光标记和X-射线衍射法测定了16:0溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC)、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)混合脂质体的物化性质:脂双层相变温度、相变热熔、荧光偏振度、双层脂酰链的厚度,证明含有摩尔分数为14.1%和27.0%LPC的DPPC脂质体可以被LPC诱导呈交插脂双层结构,而交插的深度是LPC浓度的函数,当含量超过摩尔分数为30%LPC,混合脂质体趋向于微团化,脂双层膜结构逐渐被破坏,直至最后形成微团结构.     

山莨菪碱对混合磷脂脂质体中酸性磷脂的选择性作用—激光拉曼光谱的研究

本文报道了用激光拉曼光谱研究山莨菪碱与二棕榈酰磷脂酸胆碱(DPPC)/ 二棕榈酰磷脂酸(DPPA)混合磷脂脂质体的相互作用.通过观察药物/磷脂体系相变过程中脂肪酸链结构的变化,发现山莨菪碱对酸性磷脂有明显的倾向性.参照天然神经突触膜上酸性磷脂成分配制的混合磷脂脂质体与药物作用结果表明仅有少量酸性磷脂存在,就使得药物对脂膜整体结构的影响发生了变化.并注意到山莨菪碱与酸性磷脂的这种选择性作用,没有在混合磷脂体系中引起分相.     

Mn~(2+)对双棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱——β-桐酸脂质体的~1H NMR谱的影响

本文研究了Mn~(2+)对双棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)—β—桐酸(β-ESA—D_2O脂质体的~1HNMR谱的影响.当Mn~(2+)被加于DPPC-β-ESA-D_2O脂质体的外水相时,处于脂质体外表面和内表面的DPPC分子的-N~+(CH_3)_3的~1H NMR峰全都消失.当Mn~(2+)被加于DPPC—D_2O和DPPC—β—ESA—D_2O混合脂质体的外水相时,所有的-N(CH_3)_3的~1H NMR峰也都消失.这个现象被认为是β-ESA与Mn~(2+)相结合及其在脂质体的里.外分子层间和在脂质体间转移的结果.     

Mn~(2+)对双棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱——β-桐酸脂质体的~1H NMR谱的影响

本文研究了Mn~(2+)对双棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)—β—桐酸(β-ESA—D_2O脂质体的~1HNMR谱的影响.当Mn~(2+)被加于DPPC-β-ESA-D_2O脂质体的外水相时,处于脂质体外表面和内表面的DPPC分子的-N~+(CH_3)_3的~1H NMR峰全都消失.当Mn~(2+)被加于DPPC—D_2O和DPPC—β—ESA—D_2O混合脂质体的外水相时,所有的-N(CH_3)_3的~1H NMR峰也都消失.这个现象被认为是β-ESA与Mn~(2+)相结合及其在脂质体的里.外分子层间和在脂质体间转移的结果.     

胆固醇对脂双层结构影响的SAXS和STM研究

用小角X射线散射（SAXS)和扫描隧道显微镜（STM）技术分别研究了模拟生物膜脂质体的结构以及胆固醇对生物膜双层结构的影响。结果表明,在扫描隧道显微镜照片中,磷脂分子在石墨表面形成规则的二维点状排列图像;磷脂胆固醇脂质体在石墨表面形成规则的二维波纹状排列图像。用小角X射线散射研究结果表明,DPPC脂质体是片层相结构,DPPC＋Chol脂质体是复相片层结构,DPPE＋Chol脂质体是片层立方相结构,DPPC＋DPPE＋Chol脂质体是立方六角形相结构。     

脂质体包埋猪血红蛋白的制备及其注入小鼠体内的初步试验

 为探索一条研制猪血红蛋白 (pHb)为基础的血液代用品新途径 ,开发了干膜超声法将猪血红蛋白和别构效应剂、超氧化物歧化酶等联合包埋于脂质体的技术 .考察了氢化大豆卵磷脂、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱、胆固醇、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺 甲氧基聚乙二醇和维生素E等在制备脂质体包埋血红蛋白 (LEH)中的作用 .通过控制磷脂与其他成分的配比 ,制得包埋率为 10 3%,pHb浓度达 16 %的稳定的LEH ;进一步将pHb微囊通过小鼠尾静脉多次注入其体内 ,检测受试小鼠血液中红细胞和白细胞数、抗体滴度、血小板聚集率及肾脏组织学等方面的变化 .小鼠体内试验表明了所制备的LEH具有低免疫原性、对肾脏无明显损害等特点 .脂质体包埋pHb是一种极具开发前景的稳定的人工载氧系统     

~1H-NMR技术研究丹参酮Ⅱ-A磺酸钠与磷脂脂质体相互作用

本文用~1H-NMR技术研究了丹参酮Ⅱ-A磺酸钠与二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱脂质体的相互作用,结果表明该药物能增加脂质体的流动性。它们作用的分子机制可能是,磺基在脂质体的极性区,A环朝向其疏水区,而芳香环处于磷脂的甘油骨架和脂酰基附近。     

羧基荧光素脂质体的制备及其与病原菌的响应行为

【背景】由于目前临床上检测细菌感染的方法既耗时又昂贵,所以开发快速简便的鉴别方法势在必行。【目的】通过在脂质体膜材料中添加不同的稳定剂,研究它们对于脂质体稳定性的影响,并探究荧光素脂质体与病原菌之间的响应情况。【方法】以磷脂酰胆碱和胆固醇为主要原料,1,2-棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油[1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1?-rac-glycerol),DPPG]、十八胺和10,12-二十三二炔酸(10,12-Tricosadiyonic acid,TCDA)为稳定剂,采用薄膜分散-超声法制备羧基荧光素脂质体。利用病原菌能够分泌毒力因子造成脂质体渗漏的原理,将病原菌菌液和上清液分别与荧光素脂质体孵育,检测从脂质体渗漏的羧基荧光素的荧光强度,反映病原菌的毒性程度。【结果】DPPG和TCDA都能增加脂质体的稳定性,而十八胺的添加则导致脂质体稳定性的降低。与金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923和铜绿假单胞菌PAO1菌液和上清液共同孵育的脂质体荧光强度大量增加,与大肠杆菌DH5α和PBS缓冲液共同孵育的脂质体荧光强度几乎不变。【结论】能够分泌外毒素的金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌都能对脂质体产生响应,而不分泌外毒素的大肠杆菌则不会对脂质体产生响应。     

磷脂酶C诱导膜融合的初步研究

用光散射、电镜和荧光共振能量转移技术研究了ＰＬＣ诱导两种单一膜脂组分的模型膜即二油酸磷脂酰胆碱（ＤＯＰＣ：ｄｉｏｌｅｏｙｌｐｈａｐｈｅｔｉｄｙｌｃｈｏｌｉｎｅ）脂质体和二豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱（ＤＭＰＣ：ｄｉｍｙｒｉｓｔｏｙｌｐｈｏｐｈａｔｉｄｙｌｃｈｅｌｏｎｅ）脂质体膜融合的可能性。结果表明：ＰＬＣ可以引起ＤＯＰＣ脂质体的融合。在相同的条件下,未见到ＤＭＰＣ脂质体的融合。这就首次证明了ＰＬＣ诱导单一组分脂质体融合的可能性。结果还表明：ＰＬＣ诱导脂质体膜融合的可能性大小与膜脂结构有关。用大鼠血影膜、人红细胞膜、大鼠巨噬细胞膜和大花萱草花瓣原生质体膜等天然生物膜作为材料,研究了磷脂酶Ｃ（ＰＬＣ：ｐｂｏｓｐｈｏｌｉｐａｓｅＣ）诱导上述各种天然膜融合的可能性,均未观察到膜融合现象。提示ＰＬＣ不易诱导天然细胞膜的融合。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.