F1-V重组亚单位疫苗对鼠疫耶尔森氏菌141强毒株皮下攻毒保护性的研究

在此实验中, 设计了一种包含2种成分的重组融合蛋白作为疫苗成分来防护鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia)可能产生的生物威胁. 重组F1-V蛋白与铝佐剂结合, 分别以10, 20, 50 mg剂量免疫BALB/C小鼠, 周期为2个月. 检测小鼠血清抗体水平和T辅助细胞的亚型. 免疫后小鼠以25~600 LD₅₀剂量的鼠疫耶尔森氏菌141强毒株进行皮下攻毒实验. 结果证明, F1-V重组蛋白在 小鼠体内诱导产生足够保护的免疫应答. 血清IgG水平是产生最终保护力的一个重要因素. 20 μg的免疫剂量可以诱导血清抗体效价高达51200, 使小鼠对400 LD50的鼠疫耶尔森氏菌产生100%的保护. F1-V重组蛋白引发的抗体亚型主要为IgG1类, 说明抗体反应趋向Th2型反应. 流式细胞分析表明, 铝佐剂主要帮助F1-V重组融合蛋白诱导强烈的体液免疫而不是CTL细胞免疫应答.表明F1-V重组亚单位疫苗株有希望成为一种新型的鼠疫疫苗候选株.     

SARS-CoV-2重组S1和S蛋白疫苗诱导保护性免疫的研究*

目的:评价新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)重组S1蛋白和S蛋白疫苗对SARS-CoV-2的免疫保护效果。方法:将SARS-CoV-2重组S1蛋白和S蛋白分别联合氢氧化铝佐剂以0.1 μg/只、1 μg/只、5 μg/只、10 μg/只不同剂量接种6~8周BALB/c纯系健康雌性小鼠。第二次免疫后采血通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中IgG抗体效价,通过假病毒中和试验比较免疫小鼠血清对SARS-CoV-2野生型株(WT)、英国株(B.1.1.7)、巴西株(P.1)、印度株(B.1.617.2)、Mu毒株(B.1.621)和南非株(501Y.V2-1)六种假病毒毒株中和活性效价,取脾细胞通过酶联免疫斑点技术(ELISpot)检测免疫小鼠的细胞免疫水平。结果:SARS-CoV-2重组S和S1蛋白都能诱导小鼠产生较强的IgG抗体水平。免疫S1蛋白的小鼠血清对SARS-CoV-2野生型株、英国株、巴西株有明显的中和活性,免疫S蛋白的小鼠血清除了对SARS-CoV-2野生型株、英国株、巴西株有明显中和活性之外,对印度株也有明显的中和活性,两种蛋白质免疫的小鼠血清均对野生型株中和效果最强。S蛋白免疫的小鼠脾细胞能够显著诱导出γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和白介素-4(IL-4)的产生。S蛋白诱导产生的IgG抗体、中和抗体、细胞免疫水平均高于S1。结论:SARS-CoV-2重组S蛋白疫苗能够诱导产生较强的保护性免疫应答。     

IL-17作为分子佐剂增强蛋白疫苗细胞免疫应答的研究

目的:为了进一步增强重组蛋白质疫苗的细胞免疫应答,利用重组的IL-17作为分子佐剂,与卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)一起免疫小鼠,研究IL-17作为分子佐剂对适应性免疫的影响,探索IL-17对蛋白疫苗诱导的免疫反应,特别是细胞免疫应答的影响.方法:用OVA作为特异性蛋白疫苗,与不同剂量的IL-17联合免疫C57...     

HEVAg-PLGA纳米颗粒疫苗小鼠体内免疫学研究

研究重组戊型肝炎抗原(HEVAg)-乳酸/乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)纳米颗粒抗原能否在动物体内诱导产生免疫应答。制备HEVAg-PLGA纳米颗粒抗原后,通过皮下、滴鼻、口服途径接种Balb/c小鼠,每隔4周加强免疫两次,HEVAg与铝盐佐剂(铝佐剂疫苗Al_2O_3-Ag)为对照组,一定时间内检测抗体及细胞因子的应答水平。结果HEVAg-PLGA纳米颗粒抗原在小鼠体内诱导产生有效的体液免疫、细胞免疫。滴鼻、口服途径黏膜系统中诱导产生较高滴度的IgA抗体,ELISPOT结果显示鼻腔、唾液腺中IgA ASCs数量显著增加;皮下途径诱导产生较高滴度的IgG抗体;常规铝佐剂疫苗相比于HEVAg-PLGA纳米颗粒抗原诱导较强的IgG抗体水平,未诱导产生黏膜免疫应答;HEVAg-PLGA纳米颗粒抗原诱导产生较强细胞免疫应答,皮下接种途径IFN-γ、IL-4生成细胞数量显著高于其它免疫组。与铝佐剂疫苗相比,HEVAg-PLGA纳米颗粒抗原能有效诱导产生系统免疫及黏膜免疫应答,显示HEVAg-PLGA有潜力成为备选HEV黏膜疫苗抗原,同时展示PLGA颗粒作为黏膜系统抗原递送载体及黏膜佐剂的优越性。     

GM-CSF和IL-4增强Aβ表位DNA疫苗的免疫原性研究

目的:探究和评价粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)及白细胞介素4(IL-4)作为β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)表位DNA疫苗的分子佐剂,增强DNA疫苗体液和细胞免疫反应的水平。方法:阿尔茨海默病DNA表位疫苗p VAX1-6Aβ15-T分别与重组DNA分子佐剂p VAX1-S-IL-4和p VAX1-S-GM-CSF联合免疫BALB/c小鼠,并检测其免疫原性。结果:分子佐剂IL-4组相比单独的DNA表位疫苗p VAX1-6Aβ15-T组抗体水平具有一定程度的提高;GM-CSF能明显提高DNA疫苗Aβ特异的抗体水平和泛DR辅助T细胞表位(PADRE)特异的细胞免疫反应,4次免疫后其抗体滴度提高了4倍。结论:GM-CSF佐剂能够有效地用于今后阿尔茨海默病DNA表位疫苗的研究中。     

CpG联合铝佐剂增强RBD-Fc重组蛋白诱导小鼠免疫反应效果的研究

由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2(Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)引起的2019冠状病毒病（Coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）大流行对全球健康和经济构成了严重威胁,SARS-CoV-2关切变异株（Variants of concern,VOCs）的出现更增加了疫苗研发的难度,因此,优化设计对突变株具有广谱免疫反应的疫苗显得尤为重要。本研究选取具有大量显性中和表位的受体结合域（Receptor-binding domain,RBD）蛋白作为目标抗原,在SARS-CoV-2经典株RBD序列的基础上引入多个VOCs的关键突变位点,将其与人IgG1 Fc片段融合表达,并结合CpG单佐剂、氢氧化铝单佐剂或CpG与氢氧化铝复合佐剂两剂次免疫小鼠,比较CpG联合铝佐剂相比单独使用铝或CpG佐剂诱导细胞免疫和体液免疫反应的增强作用,同时观察小鼠产生抗不同VOCs活病毒的交叉中和抗体滴度。结果显示,与单佐剂相比,RBD-Fc蛋白结合CpG与氢氧化铝复合佐剂免疫小鼠可产生最高的IgG结...     

电脉冲和布吡卡因增强A型肉毒毒素DNA核酸疫苗的免疫效果

目的：考查DNA疫苗注射免疫后电脉冲和布吡卡因佐剂化DNA疫苗递送方式对A型肉毒毒素DNA核酸疫苗免疫效果的影响。方法：A型肉毒毒素DNA复制子疫苗和传统DNA疫苗肌肉注射免疫小鼠后电脉冲和布吡卡因佐剂化DNA后再肌肉注射免疫小鼠;检测免疫小鼠的抗体和细胞水平,并分析抗体亚类。结果：电脉冲和布吡卡因这二种递送方式均增强DNA复制子疫苗和传统DNA疫苗的体液免疫和细胞免疫效果;电脉冲提高DNA疫苗免疫效果更为明显,并且电脉冲和布吡卡因组合这种递送方式增强DNA疫苗体液免疫和细胞免疫水平最高;与传统DNA疫苗相比,A型肉毒毒素DNA复制子疫苗在这些递送方式下均诱导产生了更好的特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,并且这些递送方式没有改变DNA疫苗的Th1/Th2免疫应答特性,即DNA复制子疫苗诱导产生Th1/Th2混合免疫应答但偏向于Th2途经,而传统DNA疫苗则完全偏向于Th2途经。结论：电脉冲和布吡卡因增强DNA复制子疫苗和传统DNA疫苗的免疫效果,是提高DNA疫苗免疫原性的良好策略。     

一种展示SARS冠状病毒受体结合区的重组枯草杆菌芽孢的制备及免疫原性分析

目的：利用枯草杆菌芽孢呈递技术制备表达SARS冠状病毒S蛋白受体结合区（RBD）的重组芽孢。方法：将枯草杆菌 CotB 基因构建到基因组整合质粒pDG1664中,再将 RBD 基因连接到 CotB 基因的下游,构建成重组质粒pDG1664-CotB-RBD,通过同源重组整合到PY-79枯草杆菌基因组中;利用红霉素抗性筛选重组菌并进行PCR和DNA测序鉴定,Western印迹鉴定重组菌芽孢表面RBD蛋白的表达情况;用表达RBD的重组芽孢以口服方式免疫小鼠,通过ELISA和流式细胞术检测重组芽孢的免疫原性。结果：制备出枯草杆菌基因组整合了RBD抗原基因的重组菌株RS1931,形成的重组芽孢表达相对分子质量约62×103的CotB-RBD融合蛋白;重组芽孢免疫的小鼠血清RBD抗原特异性IgG抗体滴度在末次免疫后2周可达1∶10880,重组芽孢初免后18周的小鼠脾细胞中IFN-γ＋CD4^＋、IL-4＋CD4^＋和IFN-γ＋CD8^＋T细胞比例上调,表明重组芽孢经口服免疫产生良好的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。结论：针对SARS冠状病毒S蛋白RBD建立了枯草杆菌芽孢呈递技术方法,制备出在枯草杆菌芽孢表面稳定表达外源RBD蛋白的重组株,获得的重组芽孢具有良好的免疫原性,为开发芽孢呈递型SARS疫苗奠定了基础。     

粘膜免疫戊型肝炎试验性疫苗的研究

采用原核表达的戊型肝炎病毒结构区基因(HEV ORF2)编码蛋白,与新型人用疫苗佐剂类MF59配制成试验性疫苗,通过粘膜免疫途径免疫实验小鼠,研究其产生粘膜免疫和体液免疫的效果。结果表明,通过滴鼻和灌胃两种粘膜免疫途径免疫BALB／c小鼠,均能诱导小鼠产生针对HEV ORF2试验性疫苗的血清IgG和IgA,血清IgG的抗体滴度为1：800～1：1600,血清IgA抗体滴度为1：100～1：200。对免疫小鼠血清中IgG的动态观察表明,血清抗体可持续存在至少6个月以上。比较类MF159佐剂和传统铝盐佐剂经注射免疫所诱导产生的血清IgG抗体滴度,发现类MF59佐剂可有效增强HEV0RF2重组蛋白的免疫原性4倍左右。类MF159佐剂可诱导粘膜免疫反应,在肠道粘膜部位产生SIgA,滴度为1：100。这些结果为新型戊型肝炎病毒基因工程重组疫苗的研制提供了一条新的思路。     

分子佐剂C3d上调Raji细胞协同刺激分子B7-1和B7-2的表达(简报)

我们在以往研究中,引入选择性增强体液免疫效应的新型分子佐剂C3d,成功构建了重组避孕疫苗hCGB-C3d3,通过免疫Th2型优势的 BALB/c小鼠和,Th1型优势的C57BL/6小鼠,显示分子佐剂C3d在不同品系小鼠均使免疫效应从Th1型细胞免疫向Th2型体液免疫偏倚。     

Tailoring Subunit Vaccine Immunity with Adjuvant Combinations and Delivery Routes Using the Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Receptor-Binding Domain as an Antigen

The development of an effective vaccine is critical for prevention of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pandemic. Some studies have indicated the receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of MERS-CoV spike (S) is a good candidate antigen for a MERS-CoV subunit vaccine. However, highly purified proteins are typically not inherently immunogenic. We hypothesised that humoral and cell-mediated immunity would be improved with a modification of the vaccination regimen. Therefore, the immunogenicity of a novel MERS-CoV RBD-based subunit vaccine was tested in mice using different adjuvant formulations and delivery routes. Different vaccination regimens were compared in BALB/c mice immunized 3 times intramuscularly (i.m.) with a vaccine containing 10 µg of recombinant MERS-CoV RBD in combination with either aluminium hydroxide (alum) alone, alum and polyriboinosinic acid (poly I:C) or alum and cysteine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). The immune responses of mice vaccinated with RBD, incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) and CpG ODN by a subcutaneous (s.c.) route were also investigated. We evaluated the induction of RBD-specific humoral immunity (total IgG and neutralizing antibodies) and cellular immunity (ELISpot assay for IFN-γ spot-forming cells and splenocyte cytokine production). Our findings indicated that the combination of alum and CpG ODN optimized the development of RBD-specific humoral and cellular immunity following subunit vaccination. Interestingly, robust RBD-specific antibody and T-cell responses were induced in mice immunized with the rRBD protein in combination with IFA and CpG ODN, but low level of neutralizing antibodies were elicited. Our data suggest that murine immunity following subunit vaccination can be tailored using adjuvant combinations and delivery routes. The vaccination regimen used in this study is promising and could improve the protection offered by the MERS-CoV subunit vaccine by eliciting effective humoral and cellular immune responses.     

A vesicular stomatitis virus-based prime-boost vaccination strategy induces potent and protective neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

The development of safe and effective vaccines to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections remains an urgent priority worldwide. We have used a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based prime-boost immunization strategy to develop an effective COVID-19 vaccine candidate. We have constructed VSV genomes carrying exogenous genes resulting in the production of avirulent rVSV carrying the full-length spike protein (S_F), the S1 subunit, or the receptor-binding domain (RBD) plus envelope (E) protein of SARS-CoV-2. Adding the honeybee melittin signal peptide (msp) to the N-terminus enhanced the protein expression, and adding the VSV G protein transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail (Gtc) enhanced protein incorporation into pseudotype VSV. All rVSVs expressed three different forms of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, but chimeras with VSV-Gtc demonstrated the highest rVSV-associated expression. In immunized mice, rVSV with chimeric S protein-Gtc derivatives induced the highest level of potent neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses, and rVSV harboring the full-length msp-S_F-Gtc proved to be the superior immunogen. More importantly, rVSV-msp-S_F-Gtc vaccinated animals were completely protected from a subsequent SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Overall, we have developed an efficient strategy to induce a protective response in SARS-CoV-2 challenged immunized mice. Vaccination with our rVSV-based vector may be an effective solution in the global fight against COVID-19.     

不同佐剂对人乳头瘤病毒16型L2E7E6蛋白免疫效果的影响

目的:研究CpG佐剂、弗氏佐剂、聚肌胞苷酸佐剂及左旋咪唑、西米替丁作为佐剂对人乳头瘤病毒16型L2E7E6融合蛋白在小鼠体内产生的免疫效果的影响。方法:以单独蛋白组、蛋白加各佐剂组分别肌肉注射免疫C57BL/6小鼠,检测不同佐剂诱发小鼠产生的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答水平,并观察其对小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用。结果:各免疫组均能检测到高滴度的抗L2、E7、E6蛋白IgG抗体(以IgG1为主),其中弗氏佐剂能显著提高E6蛋白的IgG和IgG1抗体水平和E7蛋白的IgG1抗体水平(P<0.05),CpG佐剂明显提高了E7蛋白的IgG2a抗体水平(P<0.01);而西米替丁佐剂则降低了E7抗原的IgG抗体水平(P<0.05);同时可以检测到CpG佐剂组能诱发小鼠产生针对E7、E6较强的细胞免疫反应,且能抑制70%的荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长;此外弗氏佐剂与聚肌胞苷酸佐剂可产生较弱的针对E7肽的细胞免疫反应,能延缓荷瘤小鼠肿瘤形成时间,与单纯蛋白组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:CpG佐剂、弗氏佐剂和聚肌胞苷酸佐剂都能提高人乳头瘤病毒16型L2E7E6融合蛋白的细胞免疫反应水平和抑制肿瘤生长能力,其中CpG佐剂效果较好,为促进该蛋白作为疫苗的研发提供了实验依据。     

Enhanced Mucosal Immune Responses Induced by a Combined Candidate Mucosal Vaccine Based on Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Structural Proteins Linked to Tuftsin

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are the most common causes of infectious hepatitis. These viruses are spread largely by the fecal-oral route and lead to clinically important disease in developing countries. To evaluate the potential of targeting hepatitis A and E infection simultaneously, a combined mucosal candidate vaccine was developed with the partial open reading frame 2 (ORF2) sequence (aa 368–607) of HEV (HE-ORF2) and partial virus protein 1 (VP1) sequence (aa 1–198) of HAV (HA-VP1), which included the viral neutralization epitopes. Tuftsin is an immunostimulatory peptide which can enhance the immunogenicity of a protein by targeting it to macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we developed a novel combined protein vaccine by conjugating tuftsin to HE-ORF2 and HA-VP1 and used synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) as the adjuvant. Subsequent experiments in BALB/c mice demonstrated that tuftsin enhanced the serum-specific IgG and IgA antibodies against HEV and HAV at the intestinal, vaginal and pulmonary interface when delivered intranasally. Moreover, mice from the intranasally immunized tuftsin group (HE-ORF2-tuftsin + HA-VP1-tuftsin + CpG) showed higher levels of IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes (Th1 response) and ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cells than those of the no-tuftsin group (HE-ORF2 + HA-VP1 + CpG). Thus, the tuftsin group generated stronger humoral and cellular immune responses compared with the no-tuftsin group. Moreover, enhanced responses to the combined protein vaccine were obtained by intranasal immunization compared with intramuscular injection. By integrating HE-ORF2, HA-VP1 and tuftsin in a vaccine, this study validated an important concept for further development of a combined mucosal vaccine against hepatitis A and E infection.     

Receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein efficiently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection and attachment to mouse lung

COVID-19, caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, poses a serious global threat. It was first reported in 2019 in China and has now dramatically spread across the world. It is crucial to develop therapeutics to mitigate severe disease and viral spread. The receptor-binding domains (RBDs) in the spike protein of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have shown anti-viral activity in previous reports suggesting that this domain has high potential for development as therapeutics. To evaluate the potential antiviral activity of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD proteins, we determined the RBD residues of SARS-CoV-2 using a homology search with RBD of SARS-CoV. For efficient expression and purification, the signal peptide of spike protein was identified and used to generate constructs expressing recombinant RBD proteins. Highly purified RBD protein fused with the Fc domain of human IgG showed potent anti-viral efficacy, which was better than that of a protein fused with a histidine tag. Intranasally pre-administrated RBD protein also inhibited the attachment of SARS-COV-2 to mouse lungs. These findings indicate that RBD protein could be used for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.     

性疟原虫DNA疫苗免疫效果的评估

以霍乱毒素Ｂ亚基（ＣＴＢ）为载体,由其基因构建了含有不同时期不同抗原表位的恶性疟原虫的融合基因ＣＴＢ～ＡＷＴＥ、ＣＴＢ～ＮＡＮＰ,前者除含有恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面主要抗原表位杂合多肽基因ＳＰｆ６６外,还含有很强的Ｔ辅助细胞表位ＣＳＴ３和Ｔｃ细胞表位,后者含有子孢子期的Ｂ、Ｔｈ细胞表位。将纯化的质粒免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ纯系小鼠,３次免疫后诱导机体产生了体液免疫和细胞免疫,免疫的小鼠进行疟原虫子孢子攻击实验,保护率为６０％一８０％。将纯化的质粒混合后免疫恒河猴,３次免疫后诱导机体产生了体液免疫和细胞免疫,免疫的恒河猴进行食蟹疟原虫攻击实验,显示了一定的保护作用。     

Transient production of receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants induces specific antibodies in immunized mice

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has currently affected millions of people around the world. To combat the rapid spread of COVID-19 there is an urgent need to implement technological platforms for the production of vaccines, drugs and diagnostic systems by the scientific community and pharmaceutical companies. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the cells by the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) present in the viral surface spike protein and its human receptor ACE2. The RBD protein is therefore considered as the target for potential subunit-based vaccines.

Methods and results

We evaluate the use of Nicotiana benthamiana plants as the host to transiently-producing recombinant RBD (RBDr) protein. The identity of the plant-produced RBDr was confirmed by immune assays and mass spectrometry. Immunogenicity was confirmed through the specific antibodies generated in all of the immunized mice compared to the PBS treated group.

Conclusions

In conclusions, the immunogenicity of the RBDr produced in N. benthamiana was confirmed. These findings support the use of plants as an antigen expression system for the rapid development of vaccine candidates.

     

两种表达系统来源新冠病毒RBD蛋白免疫小鼠后的IgG抗体水平对比研究

当前新冠肺炎疫情仍在全球蔓延,给中国及世界的公共卫生安全和经济发展带来了严峻挑战。SARS-CoV-2病毒入侵机体的关键过程是刺突蛋白受体结合域RBD通过结合宿主细胞ACE2受体实现感染,而此过程与病原快速检测、疫苗以及药物干预等主要抗病毒策略的研究与开发密切相关。因此,本研究旨在比较哺乳细胞和昆虫细胞重组表达来源的新冠病毒刺突蛋白受体结合结构域RBD免疫小鼠后产生IgG抗体水平的变化,评估不同来源和不同剂量抗原的抗体滴度水平和持续时间,希望将有助于疫苗、药物以及病原检测等相关研究。通过SDS-PAGE和质谱技术鉴定出昆虫和哺乳动物细胞表达系统制备的bRBD和hRBD蛋白质的分子量略有差异,主要为糖基化修饰不同所致;流式细胞术检测发现,bRBD和hRBD与ACE2受体过表达细胞结合率分别为88.5%和92.7%,表明二者均具有较好的活性;利用Quick Antibody免疫佐剂通过肌肉注射对Balb/c小鼠进行免疫接种,设置10 μg、20 μg 2个免疫抗原的剂量,共接种2次,并在初次免疫后第2、4、6、8、12、24周从尾部取血,分离获得血清;酶联免疫吸附结果显示,10 μg和20 μg 的bRBD和hRBD蛋白质免疫均能够快速引起小鼠的免疫反应产生IgG抗体,4～ 6周抗体滴度达到峰值;2种抗原均具有良好的免疫持久性。2种抗原及2个免疫剂量诱导小鼠产生的抗体滴度无明显差异;血清抗体中和试验发现,bRBD和hRBD蛋白质免疫小鼠后产生的特异性抗体,均能够抑制SARS-COV-2 Spike假病毒对ACE2阳性细胞的感染。这些结果表明,昆虫细胞和哺乳动物细胞表达系统生产的RBD蛋白,通过良好的佐剂接种均能快速引起机体有效的体液免疫应答,产生特异性中和抗体,有望用于各种RBD突变体抗体的制备。