重组枯草杆菌5-氨基酮戊酸脱水酶的纯化和性质研究

大肠杆菌中表达的枯草杆菌5-氨基酮戊酸脱水酶(5-aminolevulinate dehydratase, ALAD),其N端含有组氨酸标签,Ni-NTA 一步纯化至均一.纯化的酶比活为3.6 U/mg蛋白,酶的最适pH为8.0～10.0,Km为0.95 mmol,Vmax为16.7 mmol/h,在55 ℃温浴10 min,酶活保留85 %,2 mmol/L的K+、Zn2+、Mg2+、Li+、Fe3+和Mn2+提高酶活,2 mmol/L的Co2+和Ca2+对酶活没有显著影响,2 mmol/L的Cu2+和1 mmol/L的Hg2+完全抑制酶活.在2 mmol/L的EDTA存在下酶活性丧失,表明酶催化依赖金属离子.100 mmol/L的酮戊酸抑制酶活约50 %.10 mmol/L的2-巯基乙醇时提高酶活3倍,而100 mmol/L的二硫苏糖醇几乎完全抑制酶活.氨基酸修饰表明赖氨酸和半胱氨酸残基可能是酶催化必需的,组氨酸和丝氨酸残基对酶催化不起关键作用.     

人脯氨肽酶活性中心结构的计算机模拟

氨酰基脯氨酸二肽酶 (脯氨肽酶 )为广泛分布于生物界的细胞内二肽水解酶 .它特异性地水解以脯氨酸或羟脯氨酸为羧基端的二肽 (X Pro) ,而且只对反式肽键有催化活性 .此酶与脯氨酸代谢、胶原蛋白合成及细胞生长有密切关系 .文献报道 ,从Alteromonas细菌中提取的脯氨肽酶有水解梭曼的活性 ,其有机磷酸酐水解酶也有脯氨肽酶活性 .用重组基因表达的人肝脯氨肽酶也同时具有脯氨肽酶活性和水解梭曼的活性 .研究脯氨肽酶活性中心的结构具有重要理论意义和潜在实用价值 .但目前尚无人脯氨肽酶晶体结构的报道 .本文采用蛋白质结构模式识别 (threading)方法对脯氨肽酶的高级结构进行模拟 ,以大肠杆菌甲硫氨酸氨肽酶 (1MAT)为模板 ,模建了人脯氨肽酶C端结构域的空间结构 .通过对模建结构的 3D评估及电荷分布分析 ,对人脯氨肽酶活力中心结构进行了预测 .模建的人脯氨肽酶活性中心位于C端结构域 ,为 6条β折叠围成的一个疏水性口袋 ,外面被 5条α螺旋及一些loop包围 ,活力中心位于疏水结构中央 ,其中有 5个保守氨基酸 ,形成 1个较强的负电荷区 ,周围有 3个较弱的正电荷区域 .实验还发现 ,虽然Mn2 + 或Co2 + 对酶的活性极其重要 ,但对酶蛋白结构的贡献很小 .提示它们可能是在催化反应的电荷转移过程中发挥着重要作用     

木霉GXC产β-葡聚糖酶条件和酶学性质

研究了木霉GXC产β-葡聚糖酶的条件.结果表明,最适产酶碳源为麸皮,氮源为硫酸铵;产酶的最适条件为初始pH为4.0～5.0,30℃培养44h.粗酶液经硫酸铵沉淀、Sephadex G-25、Sephadex G-100和DEAE-Sehadex A-50柱层析得到纯β-葡聚糖酶,SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳显示一条带,测得分子量为35kD.该酶最适反应pH5.0,最适反应温度为60℃,在40℃以下、pH4.0～5.0酶活力相对稳定.5.0mmol/L以下的Ca2+、Zn2+和Fe2+,以及10.0mmol/L以下的Co2+对酶活力有激活作用;而Cu2+和Fe3+具有抑制作用.     

基因工程菌1020的培养优化及木聚糖酶部分特性研究

对基因工程菌1020培养基成分及培养条件进行了优化。结果表明,Mg2+、Mn2+、Zn2+三种金属离子可促进发酵产木聚糖酶。180 r.m in-1的摇床转速可满足70 mL/500 mL装液量的溶氧需求。最适培养温度为30℃,pH值为7.0。优化后的酶活为优化前的2.09倍。全细胞木聚糖酶的酶学性质表明该酶有两个最适pH值,分别为7.0与9.0。金属离子Ca2+,Fe3+,Fe2+对酶活有促进作用。pH7.0时Km为36.7095 mmol.L-1,Vm为0.3829 mmol.L-1.m in-1;pH9.0时Km29.9945mmol.L-1,Vm 0.2165 mmol.L-1.m in-1。     

产木聚糖酶白地霉培养特性及部分纯化的酶学特性

本文对白地霉Ref1的培养特性、产酶条件和酶学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明:该菌为低温型菌株,其最佳生长条件为pH6、20℃和酵母膏作为氮源;最佳产酶条件为pH3-7、15℃及以酵母膏氮源;条件优化后产酶可达118.7U/mL,可溶蛋白含量可达到60μg/mL,酶溶液的比活可达到1250U/mg蛋白质;该木聚糖酶的最适反应温度和pH分别为50℃和5,金属离子Mg2+、Na+和8mmol/L的Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+等对木聚糖酶的活性有抑制作用,而Ca2+、4mmol/L的Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+和8mmol/L的Mn2+等对该酶反应则有促进作用;该木聚糖酶在保温2h后在15-40℃范围内能保持80%以上的酶活性,在50℃时能保持68%的酶活性;用lineweaver-Burk作图法(双倒数作图法)求得该酶的最大反应速度Vmax和Km值分别为163.38mmol/mg/min和0.75mg/mL。     

白腐菌产漆酶的纯化及部分酶学性质

对白腐菌W 1产生的漆酶粗酶液通过超滤浓缩、分子筛和离子交换层析进行纯化 .用SDS PAGE证明该酶的分子量大约为 6 2 4kD .等电聚焦电泳显示该酶的等电点为 3 5 .酶反应的最适温度为 5 0℃ ,最适pH值为 4 5 .此酶氧化DMP的Km 值为 3 84× 10 -5mol L .金属离子对酶活的影响很大 ,其中K+ 、Mn2 + 、Ag+ 对酶活有促进作用 ,Fe2 + 、Fe3 + 、Hg2 + 、Co2 + 、Ba2 + 等对酶活有明显的抑制作用 .酶对部分染料也有一定的脱色效果     

一种pH稳定的黄色漆酶的快速纯化和性质特征

通过丙酮沉淀和 DEAE- cellulose DE52 柱层析, 快速、有效地从一株白腐菌 Trametes sp. SQ01 的发酵液中纯化了漆酶。纯化的漆酶并非传统漆酶那样呈现蓝色, 而是一种黄色蛋白。以 ABTS 为底物时, 该酶的最适 pH 和温度分别是 pH 4.5 和 70°C, Km 为 0.029 mmol/L。T. SQ01 漆酶在 pH 3.0~11.0时, 酶活相对稳定, 在 pH 5.0 时最为稳定, 是目前报道的 pH 稳定性最好的漆酶。低浓度的金属离子(1 mmol/L) Cu2+、Mg2+ 、Ca2+ 和Co2+ 对漆酶有促进作用, 而高浓度(5 mmol/L)的Co2+、Zn2+、 Mn2+、Mg2+ 却抑制漆酶酶活。SDS 对该酶有激活作用, 当其浓度为1 mmol/L时, 漆酶相对酶活达到128%。DTT对漆酶强烈抑制, 即使是浓度为1 mmol/L, 亦可完全抑制漆酶酶活。纯化后的漆酶对亮蓝(RBBR) (100 mg/L)的脱色能力显著, 0.5 U/mL 的漆酶在 10 min内即可达到 80%的脱色率。T. sp. SQ01 漆酶的快速纯化以及高效脱色的能力表明该酶在染料脱色降解方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

水牛瘤胃宏基因组的一个新的β-葡萄糖苷酶基因umcel3G 的克隆、表达及其表达产物的酶学特性

以木质纤维素为原料、应用同步糖化共发酵工艺发酵生产酒精时需要酸性中低温高活力纤维素酶包括β-葡萄糖苷酶.本工作分 6 次构建了水牛瘤胃未培养微生物宏基因组文库,获得 1.26×105个克隆,文库含外源 DNA 的总长度约为 4.8×106kb.从文库中筛选到118个表达β-葡萄糖苷酶活性的独立克隆.发现其中 8 个克隆表达的β-葡萄糖苷酶在pH5.0、37℃条件下活性较强.对其中一个克隆进行了亚克隆,序列分析发现一个 2223 bp 的潜在的编码β-葡萄糖苷酶基因(umcel3G)的开放阅读框(ORF),其编码产物的氨基酸序列与来自于 Bacillus sp.的一个β-葡萄糖苷酶同源性最高,具有 60%的一致性和73%的相似性.该ORF在 E.coli中的表达产物Umcel3G的分子量与预测大小相似,酶谱分析表明该表达产物具有β-葡萄糖苷酶活性,证实该基因为一个β-葡萄糖苷酶基因.测定了用Ni-NTA纯化的Umcel3G 的酶学特性,其最适 pH 和最适温度分别为 6.0～6.5 和 45℃.一些金属离子如 Ca2+、Zn2+能显著提高该酶的酶活,而另外一些金属离子如 Fe3+、Cu2+能抑制 Umcel3G 的活性.在 pH4.5、35℃和 5 mmol/L 的 Ca2+存在的条件下,用 Ni-NTA 纯化的重组酶的比活为 22.8 IU/mg,说明该酶在用SSCF工艺发酵生产酒精中有潜在的应用价值.     

α-氨基酸酯酰基转移酶表达纯化、酶学性质及其催化应用

α-氨基酸酯酰基转移酶(α-amino acid ester acyltransferase,AET)能够催化底物L-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、L-谷氨酰胺合成L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺(L-alanyl-L-glutamine,丙谷二肽)。利用重组大肠杆菌saet-QC01表达α-氨基酸酯酰基转移酶,对其表达条件进行了优化,通过Ni-NTA亲和层析法分离纯化重组蛋白,并对其酶学性质、催化应用进行了研究。适合酶表达的诱导条件:温度20℃,诱导阶段(OD_(600)=2.0-2.5),IPTG浓度0.6 mmol/L,诱导时间12 h。α-氨基酸酯酰基转移酶的最适反应温度27℃,最适pH 8.5,在pH 7.0-8.0很稳定,在酸性条件下相对稳定,低浓度的Co~(2+)、低浓度的EDTA对酶活有促进作用。在底物浓度丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐600 mmol/L、谷氨酰胺480 mmol/L,丙谷二肽的产量达到78.2 g/L,生产速率达到1.955 g/(L·min),转化率达到75.0%。α-氨基酸酯酰基转移酶具有良好的酸碱耐受性,催化效率高的优良特性,在工业生产中具有较好的应用潜力。     

Pb2+、Cd2+和Ce3+对猪胰α-淀粉酶活性的影响

分别研究了Pb2+、Cd2+和Ce3+对Ca(Ⅱ) α-淀粉酶活性影响及对其Ca2+的竞争作用.结果表明三种金属离子低浓度情况下(0.5～5 mmol/L)对α-淀粉酶具有激活现象,而较高浓度则抑制酶活力.Pb2+、Cd2+和Ce3+竞争置换α-淀粉酶中Ca2+能力的大小是:Pb2+＞Cd2+＞Ce3+,其抑制酶活作用大小:Pb2+＞Cd2+＞Ce3+.     

Isolation and characterization of a novel phytase fromPenicillium simplicissimum

Eighty-three isolates from different soil samples exhibited the potential for producing active extracellular phytase. The most active fungal isolate with phytase activity was identified as Penicillium simplicissimum. In shaking culture with enrichment medium, the highest extracellular phytase activity of the producing strain was 3.8 U/mL. The crude enzyme filtrate was purified to homogeneity using ultrafiltration. IEC and gel filtration chromatography. The molar mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 65 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The saccharide identification with periodic acid-Schiff reagent (PAS) and activity recognition by 1-naphthyl phosphate was all positive. The isoelectric point of the enzyme, as deduced by isoelectric focusing, was pH 5.8, the optimum pH and temperature being pH 4.0 and 55 degrees C, respectively. The purified enzyme revealed broad substrate specificity and was strongly inhibited by Fe2+, Fe3+ and Zn2+; however, no inhibition was found by EDTA and PMSF. Phytase activity was inhibited when 2 mmol/L of dodecasodium phytate was added and the Km for it was determined to be 813 mmol/L.     

树状多节孢酸性磷酸酶的分离纯化与性质研究

树状多节孢Nodulisporium sylviforme是从东北红豆杉Taxus cuspidata分离、可产生紫杉醇的内生真菌。研究以树状多节孢为材料,利用液体发酵手段获得菌丝体,通过CM-cellulose阴离子交换柱层析、Q-Sepharose阳离子交换柱层析和FPLC凝胶过滤层析（Superdex 75）,获得纯化的树状多节孢酸性磷酸酶蛋白（Nod-ACP）。结合FPLC和SDS-PAGE分析,判定该磷酸酶为分子量44kDa单亚基蛋白。酶学性质研究表明,其最适pH值为3.0,最适温度为58℃。6     

A fibrinolytic enzyme from the medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris

In this study we purified a fibrinolytic enzyme from Cordyceps militaris using a combination of ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE Sephadex A-50 column, gel filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-75 column, and FPLC on a HiLoad 16/60 Superdex 75 column. This purification protocol resulted in a 191.8-fold purification of the enzyme and a final yield of 12.9 %. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 52 kDa by SDS-PAGE, fibrin-zymography, and gel filtration chromatography. The first 19 amino acid residues of the N-terminal sequence were ALTTQSNV THGLATISLRQ, which is similar to the subtilisin-like serine protease PR1J from Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliase. This enzyme is a neutral protease with an optimal reaction pH and temperature of 7.4 and 37 degrees , respectively. Results for the fibrinolysis pattern showed that the enzyme rapidly hydrolyzed the fibrin alpha-chain followed by the gamma-gamma chains. It also hydrolyzed the beta-chain, but more slowly. The Aalpha, Bbeta, and gamma chains of fibrinogen were also cleaved very rapidly. We found that enzyme activity was inhibited by Cu2+ and Co2+, but enhanced by the additions of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Furthermore, fibrinolytic enzyme activity was potently inhibited by PMSF and APMSF. This enzyme exhibited a high specificity for the chymotrypsin substrate S-2586 indicating it 's a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. The data we present suggest that the fibrinolytic enzyme derived from the edible and medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris has fibrin binding activity, which allows for the local activation of the fibrin degradation pathway.     

水稻叶片酸性磷酸酯酶活性及其部分特性

从水稻叶片部分纯化了水解磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸的磷酸酯酶,其Ｋｍ（ＰＥＰ）为０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,最适ＰＨ５．３．在偏酸性ＰＨ条件下（ＰＨ４．０～７．２）稳定,对热亦较稳定．酶活性受Ｐｉ强烈抑制．它对其底物要求不专一,能水解多种含磷酯键的化合物．表明它是一种非专一性的酸性磷酸酯酶。各种含磷酯键的代谢物对酶活性起竞争性抑制作用,且表现出叠加性．Ｃｕ（２＋）、Ｚｎ（２＋）和Ｆｅ（２＋）抑制酶活性,Ｍｇ（２＋）、Ｍｎ（２＋）、Ｃａ（２＋）、Ｃｏ（２＋）和ＥＤＴＡ无影响．     

Purification and characterization of hatching enzyme from shrimp Penaeus chinensis

By using Penaeus chorion as a specific substrate, the hatching enzyme (HE) from Penaeus chinensis was purified by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography, and characterized in terms of its molecular weight and enzymatic properties in this study. It was found that the molecular weight of Penaeus HE is about 43.0 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The Penaeus HE had obvious choriolytic activity, which was optimal at pH 6.0 and temperature of 40 degrees C, respectively. The Km value of the HE for casein was 7.47 mg ml(-1). The HE activity was almost completely inhibited by SBTI, p-APMSF, bestatin, and NEM, greatly inhibited by ovomucoid, TLCK, IAM, chymostatin, and PMSF, and slightly inhibited by pepstatin A, TPCK, LBTI, and leupeptin. These results indicate that the HE is most probably a trypsin-type serine protease. Besides of these, the HE was extremely sensitive to EDTA, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+. Combined with the results that the EDTA-pretreated HE activity could be perfectly recovered by Zn2+, it is indicated that shrimp HE is most probably a kind of Zn-metalloprotease.     

Isolation and purification of an extracellular protease from a new strain of Bacillus subtilis, viz.NCIM 2711

A new extracellular protease having a prospective application in the food industry was isolated from Bacillus sUbtilis NCIM 2711 by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation from the cell broth. It was purified using DEAE-Cellulose and CM-Sephadex C-50 ion-exchange chromatography. With casein as a substrate, the proteolytic activity of the purified protease was found to be optimal at pH 7.0 and temperature 55 degrees C with Km 1.06 mg/ml. The enzyme was stable over a pH range 6.5-8.0 at 30 degrees C for 1 hr in presence of CaCl2 x 2H2O. At 55 degrees C, the enzyme retained 60% activity up to 15 min in presence of CaCl2 x 2H2O. EDTA and o-phenanthroline (OP) completely inhibited the enzyme activity while DFP, PMSF and iodoacetamide were ineffective. The enzyme was completely inhibited by Hg2+ and partially by Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Fe2+. The OP inhibited enzyme could be reactivated by Zn2+ and Co2+ up to 75% and 69% respectively. It is a neutral metalloprotease showing a single band of 43 kDa on SDS-PAGE.     

流感嗜血杆菌ATCC49247来源的IgA酶理化性质及其对低糖基化IgA1的分解作用

【背景】近年来,能够特异性切割人IgA1分子的IgA蛋白酶(IgA酶)被认为是治疗IgA肾病(IgAN)的潜在药物,但各种物理化学因素均可能影响其生物学活性。【目的】研究流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae) ATCC49247 IgA酶的理化性质,确定IgA酶最适的作用条件后观察IgA酶对低糖基化IgA1的作用。【方法】从细菌培养液中分离纯化IgA酶,SDS-PAGE电泳后银染法分别检测多种理化条件下IgA酶的水解活性及其对低糖基化IgA1的消化作用。【结果】H. influenzae ATCC49247IgA酶可耐受的反应温度较广,最适温度为50°C;在高于60°C的环境中,IgA酶便不可逆地丧失了稳定性;IgA酶在pH 6.0-9.0的环境下能够保持完整催化活性;1 mmol/L的PMSF和高于10 mmol/L的SDS能够强烈地抑制IgA酶的活性,DTT和EDTA对IgA酶活性无明显影响;所有浓度的Al~(3+)、Fe~(3+)和高浓度的Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)对IgA酶均表现出强烈的抑制作用,同时Co~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Ni~(2+)和Mg~(2+)都对IgA酶活性没有明显影响。选择了最适宜的IgA酶作用条件,发现IgA酶能够有效降解低糖基化IgA1底物。【结论】确定IgA酶最适宜的作用条件能保持良好的酶活性,更好地发挥了IgA酶对低糖基化IgA1的降解作用,为IgA酶的临床研究和药用价值的进一步开发提供一定的依据。     

Evidence for mammalian collagenases as zinc ion metalloenzymes.

Collagenases (EC 3.4.24.3) from human skin, rat skin and rat uterus were inhibited by the chelating agents EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline and tetraethylene pentamine in the presence of excess Ca2+, suggesting that a second metal ion participates in the activity of the enzyme. Collagenase inhibition by 1,10-phenanthroline could be both prevented and reversed by a number of transition metal ions, specifically Zn2+, Co2+, Fe2+ and Cu2+. However, Zn2+ is effective in five-fold lower molar concentrations (1-10(-4) M) than the other ions. Furthermore, Zn2+ was the only ion tested able to prevent and reverse the inhibition of collagenase by EDTA in the presence of excess Ca2+. Atomic absorption analysis of purified collagenase for Zn2+ showed that Zn2+ was present in the enzyme preparations, and that the metal co-purifies with collagenase during column chromatography.     

Purification and properties of a novel extra-cellular thermotolerant metallolipase of Bacillus coagulans MTCC-6375 isolate

A novel extra-cellular lipase from Bacillus coagulans MTCC-6375 was purified 76.4-fold by DEAE anion exchange and Octyl Sepharose chromatography. The purified enzyme was found to be electrophoretically pure by denaturing gel electrophoresis and possessed a molecular mass of approximately 103 kDa. The lipase was optimally active at 45 degrees C and retained approximately 50% of its original activity after 20 min of incubation at 55 degrees C. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 8.5. Mg2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Hg2+, Al3+, and Fe3+ at 1mM enhanced hydrolytic activity of the lipase. Interestingly, Hg2+ ions resulted in a maximal increase in lipase activity but Zn2+ and Co2+ ions showed an antagonistic effect on this enzyme. EDTA at 150 mM concentration inhibited the activity of lipase but Hg2+ or Al3+ (10mM) restored most of the activity of EDTA-quenched lipase. Phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF, 15 mM) decreased 98% of original activity of lipase. The lipase was more specific to p-nitrophenyl esters of 8 (pNPC) and 16 (pNPP) carbon chain length esters. The lipase had a Vmax and Km of 0.44 mmol mg(-1)min(-1) and 28 mM for hydrolysis of pNPP, and 0.7 mmol mg(-1)min(-1) and 32 mM for hydrolysis of pNPC, respectively.