大叶蚁塔组织培养技术

以大叶蚁塔茎尖作为外植体诱导出无菌苗,再以无菌苗的嫩叶诱导不定芽发生,研究了其离体培养和不定芽再生的过程,成功建立了低成本的快速繁殖技术体系。结果表明:(1)无菌苗增殖培养基为MS+BA 1.0mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1,培养30 d,增殖率稳定为3.80;(2)叶片可直接诱导再生出不定芽,其最佳培养基为MS+ZT 1.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1,诱导率达95%,分化幼苗众多;(3)生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA1 mg·L-1+蔗糖20 g·L-1时,生根率达95%。     

胡杨器官和体胚发生方式的植株再生

目的：为以胡杨为亲本的体细胞杂交育种奠定基础。方法：以胡杨苗叶片为外植体,通过器官和体胚两种不同发生方式建立了离体再生体系。结果：附加0．75mg/L BA、0．5mg/L NAA基本培养基及3w暗培养是愈伤组织诱导的最佳条件;附加0．25mg/L BA和0．1mg/L NAA的基本培养基上不定芽的诱导率最高;1／2大量元素的MS培养基附加0．1mg/l NAA、0．05mg／L和1．5％蔗糖对不定芽生根效果最好;诱导并筛选出的胚性愈伤组织在附加了0．5mg/L BA、0．5mg／L NAA的基本培养基上诱导获得大量胚状体,干化处理后大部分能经子叶胚期萌发成苗。结论：外植体的采集周期和培养条件影响胡杨离体叶片的形态发生途径。     

中国野生葡萄组织培养研究

对中国野生山葡萄左山—1、左山—2、燕山葡萄燕山—1和秋葡萄平利—7的叶片、叶柄、茎段及单芽茎段进行了离体培养研究。诱导左山—1叶片分化出不定芽的培养基为MS BA 5．0mg／L NAA0．1mg／L,诱导率2．5％;诱导平利—7叶柄分化出不定芽的培养基为MS BA7．0mg／L NAA0．1mg／L,诱导率1．95％;诱导左山—1、燕山—1和平利—7茎段分化出不定芽的培养基与叶柄相同,但诱导率相对较高,分别为8．25％、4．88％和6．49％;应用这一培养基对平利—7、左山—2的单芽茎段进行培养,丛状不定芽的诱导率均为100％。不定芽继代培养基为MS BA0．5mg／L IBA0．2mg／L;生根培养基为1／2MS IBA0．1—0.2mg／L。     

美国黄松成熟胚的离体培养与不定芽的形成

以美国黄松成熟胚为外植体进行离体培养诱导不定芽。正交试验和统计分析结果表明基本培养基的种类对外植体不定芽的诱导起主要作用。在GD培养基上附加0.5mg/L的6－BA,外植体不定芽的诱导率达55％,平均增值率为6,最大增值率达10。NAA不利于外植体不定芽的诱导,培养基中加入适量的添生炭有利于不定芽的形成和生长。     

火炬松成熟合子胚离体培养过程中诱导不定芽的影响因素研究

火世松（Pinus taed L）界南方松中最重要的针叶树种之一,在环境保护,园林绿化和林业生产中有重要应用价值。有关火炬松未成熟胚的体细胞胚胎发生和器官发生的研究报道不多,其成熟合子胚的愈伤组织器官发生未见报道。本文以取自湖南省邵阳市林场的火炬松成熟种胚为外植体,在诱导其愈伤组织器官发生的基础上,系统地研究了BA浓度,基本培养基（TE）浓度和不同碳源等对愈伤组织上不定芽的发生和发育的影响,优化了火炬松离体再生的培养条件,为火炬松的无性繁殖技术应用于实验生产奠定了基础。研究结果表明：不同的浓度条件下,4mg/LBA培养基上的不定芽诱导频率和每个胚上的芽平均数最高,分别是76．3％和3．4。火炬松器官发生愈伤组织（Fig.1)上的不定芽形成于愈伤组织表面（Fig.2)。不定芽的发生常不同步（Fig.3)。不定芽在低浓度BA(1-2mg/L）条件下发育较好(Fig.4),在高浓度BA（8－16mg/L）条件下发育减慢（Fig.5),在1mg/LBA条件下伸长生长较快（Fig.6);不同浓度基本培养基的实验结果表明,当基本培养基浓度为1．25TE时,不定芽诱导频率（73．5％）;不同浓度基本培养基的实验结果表明。池基本培养基浓度为0．5或0．75TE时,不定芽基部易形成愈伤组织（Fig.7)。在1．5TE培养基上,不定芽瘦弱且发育缓慢（Fig.8);不同碳源的实验结果表明,以2％的葡萄为碳源时,不定芽的诱导频率和每个胚上的芽平均数均最高,分别是83．7％和5．8。由此可见,4mg/LBA,1.25TE基本培养基和2％葡萄糖可能是构成火炬松成熟合子胚离体高效无性快速繁殖体系的决定性和关键因素。     

海巴戟(Morinda citrifolia L.)组织培养研究

以海巴戟（Morinda citrifolia L．）种子为试材,在不剥除种皮的情况下,在MS无激素培养基上播种1年内未见发芽,在剥除种皮的情况下,在MS无激素培养基上发芽率最高,50d内可达75％。海巴戟子叶和下胚轴均能单独由细胞分裂素BA0．7～2．0mg／L诱导不定芽发生,不定芽可直接从外植体发生,也可从愈伤组织发生,添加生长素NAA0．05～0．1mg／L则完全抑制不定芽发生,同时强烈促进愈伤组织生长和不定根发生。带芽茎段在BA1．5mg／L配合低浓度生长素时均能通过腋芽萌发和不定芽发生而增殖。芽梢在NAA0．1mg／L、IBA0．1mg／L或IAA0．1mg／L均有根群发生,但NAA0．1mg／L诱导生根时切口愈伤组织较多,部分不定根由愈伤组织发生。而IAA0．1mg／L诱导生根时根群欠发达,以IBA0．1mg／L最佳。     

美国黄松组织培养不定根诱导的研究

以GD、SH和1／2SH基本培养基对美国黄松不定芽进行不定根的诱导。试验结果表明基本培养基的种类对不定芽形成不定根起主要作用。在1／2SH培养基上附加0．5mg／L的NAA不定根的诱导率为3．3％。试验首次在离体培养条件下,以美国黄松种胚为外植体获得了再生小植株。     

紫背天葵叶片培养体细胞胚状体发生的研究

SH液体培养基附加2,4－D（0．125mg/l),BA(0.25-0.5mg/l),CM(10%v/v)或CH（0．2%w/v),摇床培养,同一培养基中培养50天后,出现球形,心形,鱼雷,子叶胚,虽然胚状体和不定芽同样来源于叶片的表皮细胞,但它们之间有下列区别;体细胞胚状体发育有4个不同时期,而不定芽没有;球形胚形成后,能脱落分散在培养液中,芽始终和外植体连在一起;鱼雷－子叶胚有明显的苗端和根端之分,苗端有两片子叶,叶间是顶端分生组织,有原形成层结构,而不定芽仅有芽原基。     

紫背天葵叶片培养体细胞胚状体发生的研究

SH液体培养基附加2,4－D（0．125mg/l),BA(0.25-0.5mg/l),CM(10%v/v)或CH（0．2%w/v),摇床培养,同一培养基中培养50天后,出现球形,心形,鱼雷,子叶胚,虽然胚状体和不定芽同样来源于叶片的表皮细胞,但它们之间有下列区别;体细胞胚状体发育有4个不同时期,而不定芽没有;球形胚形成后,能脱落分散在培养液中,芽始终和外植体连在一起;鱼雷－子叶胚有明显的苗端和根端之分,苗端有两片子叶,叶间是顶端分生组织,有原形成层结构,而不定芽仅有芽原基。     

酿酒葡萄"梅尔诺"再生系统建立的研究

以酿酒葡萄“梅尔诺”离体胚珠、叶柄为材料．通过控制激素水平、光照和温度等,对建立再生体系的器官发生途径和体胚发生途径进行了研究。结果表明,体胚的诱导和不定芽的再生与基本培养基、叶柄的着生部位、生长调节物质种类和浓度等因素有关。由“梅尔诺”的胚珠愈伤组织再生出体细胞胚的最佳培养基配方为CPSE培养基(CP287 BA 0．2mg／L NOA 1．0mg／L),体细胞胚再生率可达47．50％。“梅尔诺”体细胞胚在CPSE培养基上100％萌发为芽状,将其切断置于培养基MS TDZ 4．0mg／L上可直接诱导出绿色不定芽,再生率为52．25％;同时在培养基MS TDZ2．0mg／L上获得了“梅尔诺”离体叶柄再生不定芽．再生率为62．42％．二者再生的不定芽的最他增殖培养基为MS BA0．5mg／L。“梅尔诺”体细胞胚的萌发芽在WPM培养基中能很好的生根及成苗,并建立了单芽茎段微繁体系。     

马尾松高效再生体系的建立(简报)

利用组织培养技术快速繁殖针叶树,不仅为植树造林所需大量苗木开辟了一条快速高效的新途径,是生产优良无性系的捷径,而且也是植物基因工程技术应用于针叶树品种改良的前提条件。它将在林木种苗产业化和林木良种化进程中发挥重要作用。针叶树的离体培养和植株再生一直是植物组织培养研究中难度较大的一个领域。近几十年来,随着世界各国对发展无性系育林业的日益重视,针叶树组织培养研究取得了很大的进展[1-3]。马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb.)是我国南方主要的造林及绿化树种,其木材和松脂具有重要的经济价值。然而在生产实践中,种子园种子…     

从麻疯树上胚轴外植体再生植株

以麻疯树上胚轴为实验材料在MS添加IBA和BA的培养基上进行离体培养实验.结果表明,在IBA O.1 mg/L与BA 0.2～0.7 mg/L组合的条件下,不定芽从上胚轴外植体的表面直接被诱导分化,其中以在MS IBA 0.1 mg/L BA 0.5 mg/L上的诱导率最高.从愈伤组织来源的植株再生需要IBA 0.5 mg/L与BA 0.1 mg/L、IBA 0.5 mg/L与BA0.2mg/L以及IBA1.0mg/L与BA0.5mg/L的激素组合,其分化的最佳培养基是MS IBA1.0 mg/L BA0.5 mg/L.生长健壮的不定芽和再生植株能在无激素的MS基本培养基上生根.发育良好的再生苗可成功地转移到温室栽培而没有可见的变异.     

Micropropagation of juvenile and adult Sorbus domestica L.

Successful propagation of seedlings and mature trees of Sorbus domestica L. has been achieved by in vitro methods. Multiple shoot formation was obtained by placing shoot apices or nodal segments on a modified Schenck and Hildebrandt medium containing benzyladenine. Regenerated shoots were excised and induced to root on media with auxin. In the best treatments 75–85% of shoots from juvenile material rooted. Rooting capacity of shoots from mature explants was lower (30%) and was not improved by dipping the base of shoots in concentration solutions of indolebutyric or naphthaleneacetic acids. Plantlets were ultimately established in soil.Abbreviations BA benzyladenine - IAA indoleacetic acid - IBA indolebutyric acid - NAA naphthaleneacetic acid     

Micropropagation of juvenile sycamore maple via adventitious shoot formation by use of thidiazuron

Zygotic embryos of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) were dissected into plumule, hypocotyl and radicle sections. The segments were placed on MS medium containing 1 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and/or 0.02 μM to 0.1 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Hypocotyl and plumule explants produced callus, adventitious buds and shoots with increasing plant growth regulator concentrations. Hypocotyls produced more, but smaller shoots compared to plumule segments. Subculturing excised shoots and calluses on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 1 μM BA and/or 0.04 μM TDZ led to continuous production of shoots. The best proliferation capacity occurred with 0.04 μM TDZ and 1.0 μM BA, both shoots and calluses. This combination showed a stimulatory effect also on length of newly formed shoots. Calluses performed generally better compared to shoot explants independent of growth regulator treatment. Excised shoots 2 to 3-cm-long were successfully rooted on MS media either with or without growth regulators (123 μM IBA pulse) followed by transfer to the greenhouse. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Micropropagation ofLarix decidua Mill. andpinus sylvestris L.

Shoot multiplication of Larixdecidua was achieved using axillary and adventitious buds. The formation of axillary buds was stimulated on shoot tips soaked in a cytokinin solution (BAP 10-50 mg 1⁻¹ for 2–4 h. Adventitious buds were induced on cotyledons, needles and vegetative buds cultured on WPM or QL medium supplemented with cytokinin (BAP 1–3 mg 1⁻¹). The shoot formation from induced axillary and adventitious buds was promoted on WPM or QL medium containing a low concentration of auxin (IBA 0.1 mg 1⁻¹). Shoot multiplication of Pinussylvestris was stimulated on WPM, MS, and QL media supplemented with a low concentration of cytokinin (BAP 0.2 mg 1⁻¹) and auxin (IBA 0.1 mg 1⁻¹). Shoot segments produced 2–5 new axillary shoots within 4–5 weeks. Root initiation was stimulated on larch and pine shoots cultured first on WPM supplemented with auxins (NAA and IBA) and later transferred to auxin-free medium.     

Shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metabriggsia ovalifolia</Emphasis>

An efficient propagation and regeneration system via direct shoot organogenesis for an endangered species, Metabriggsia ovalifolia, was established. High activity cytokinins [6-benzyladeneine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ)] and low activity auxins [α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)] could directly induce adventitious shoots from leaf or petiole explants within 5 weeks. Cytokinins (TDZ or BA) combined with auxin (NAA) in the induction media induced more adventitious shoots than when auxins or cytokinins were used alone. Adventitious shoots could be induced and also mass-propagated on media containing 2.5–5.0 μM TDZ (or BA) and 0.25–0.5 μM NAA. Adventitious roots differentiated at the proximal end of shoots on rooting media containing half-strength MS salts and 0.5 μM IBA, 0.5 μM NAA, 0.1% activated charcoal or no plant growth regulators. Over 90% of plantlets survived following acclimatization and transfer to a potting mixture (1:1, sand:vermiculite) in basins.     

Micropropagation ofFagus sylvatica L.

Summary An in vitro shoot multiplication system was established from juvenileFagus sylvatica L. tissues, and plantlets were regenerated. Embryonic axes were excised from beech seeds and germinated in vitro on media supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) to obtain plantlets with axillary shoots. Shoot multiplication was maintained by sequential subculture of axillary shoot tips and basal segments on Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/liter BA+2 mg/liter zeatin+0.2 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The effeciency of shoot multiplication clearly depended on the kind of explant used. Transfer to fresh medium every 2 wk during the 6-wk multiplication cycle improved multiplication rates. In the rooting stage, an initial 7-day dark period significantly improved rooting capacity and accelerated the emergence of roots on auxin-treated shoots. Adventitious buds were induced on the intact hypocotyls of the whole plantlets derived from the initial embryonic axis explants, especially on those cultured on medium with 1 mg/liter BA. Cotyledon and hypocotyl segments isolated from seedlings grown in vitro from embryos also exhibited capacity for adventitious bud formation, especially when cultured on media supplemented with 0.5 mg/liter BA + 0.1 mg/liter NAA.     

山茱英的组织培养与植株再生

目的：建立山茱萸的组织培养及植株再生体系。方法：分别以山茱萸的叶片、花柄和花托为材料,进行山茱萸不同外植体的离体培养研究,筛选最佳培养基组成。结果：适宜山茱萸叶片愈伤组织诱导的培养基组合为1／2MS,附加BA2．0mg/L、IBA0,5—1．0mg／L;适宜山茱萸花柄、花托愈伤组织诱导的培养基组合为1／2MS,附加BA1．0mg／L、2,4-D0．5mg／L;在1／2MS附加BA2．0mg／L、IBA0．05mg／L的培养基上,可诱导不定芽的产生;1／2MS附加IBA2．0mg／L的培养基有利于山茱萸试管苗生根。讨论：山茱萸的花托是进行组织培养的最适外植体,白色或翠绿色、结构致密的愈伤组织较易分化产生不定芽。     

金钱草的试管快速繁殖研究

以中药金钱草 (LysimachiachristinaeHance)的茎段为外植体于MS附加不同激素配比的培养基上 ,探讨丛生芽诱导及生根培养的条件。在MS +6 -BA 0 .5～ 1.5mg·L-1+IBA 0 .2～ 0 .5mg·L-1和MS +6 -BA 1.5mg·L-1+NAA 0 .5mg·L-1的培养基上均可获得良好的丛生芽诱导 ,苗的生长迅速 ,繁殖系数高 ;在MS或MS +IBA 0 .1mg·L-1培养基上易于诱导生根。丛生芽诱导率和生根率均为 10 0 %。     

Direct organogenesis and plantlet regeneration from mature zygotic embryos of masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.)

Mature zygotic embryos of masson pine were cultured as initial explants to investigate the process of direct organogenesis. Adventitious buds were initiated on DCR medium (Douglas-fir cotyledon revised medium) supplemented with 0.5 mg l⁻¹ N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.05 mg l⁻¹ indolebutyric acid (IBA) or α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest induction frequency of adventitious buds was 99.3%. Subsequent transfer of buds to medium with lower concentrations of plant growth regulators in time was necessary for differentation of high quality adventitious buds. After culturing on elongating medium, in which the proportion of cytokinins to auxins was reduced, shoots higher than 2 cm were transferred for root induction to GD medium with half of the concentration of macro-salts (½ GD) and with 2 mg l⁻¹ IBA and 0.05 mg l⁻¹ BA. The average root frequency was over 70%. After adventitious roots had appeared, the shoots were transferred to ½ GD medium with a lower concentration of IBA (0.2 mg l⁻¹) for further root development.