辣椒再生体系不定芽发生因素的优化研究

以辣椒(Capsicum annuum L)品种"哈椒一号"为试材,选用无菌苗子叶、下胚轴和带柄子叶为外植体,采用正交设计探讨不同外植体、激素组合和AgNO_2浓度等因素对不定芽分化的影响,筛选出了三种外植体不定芽诱导的最适培养基。试验结果表明:在不定芽的分化中,6-BA与IAA相配合使叶片不定芽分化频率明显提高,BA/IAA的比例对不定芽分化有明显影响。并且6-BA 6 mg/L+IAA 2 mg/L的组合能够达到最高的诱导率。AgNO_3不但显著提高了不定芽诱导的频率,并且还缩短了不定芽的发生时间。另外,三种外植体的不定芽诱导率,带柄子叶最高,其次是子叶,下胚轴最差。最适不定芽培养基:MS+6-BA 6 mg/L+IAA 2 mg/L+AgNO_2 4 mg/L,pH 5.8,最高不定芽分化率达88.2%。     

丹参离体微繁技术研究

以丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)离体幼茎、叶、叶柄为外植体,对其丛生芽、不定芽的诱导和增殖、生根、移栽等方面进行系统研究,探讨了有关丹参的离体快速微繁技术。试验表明：MS 6-BA1．0mg／L是诱导初代培养的芽产生丛生芽的最佳培养基,其诱导生芽率为100％,丛生芽增殖的最佳培养基为MS 6-BA1．0mg／L NAA0．01mg／L;以叶为外植体,用MS 6-BA 0．5～2．0mg／L诱导不定芽可取得较好效果,其诱导生芽率为100％,不定芽增殖的最佳培养基为MS 6-BA1．0mg／L,其增殖倍数达24倍;诱导生根较好的培养基为1／2MS 0．1mg／L IBA,移栽先水培再土培,成活率可达100％。     

草莓叶片再生不定芽的研究(简报)

利用丰香草莓叶片作外植体,通过体外实验培养的方法,进行组织培养与再生,研究不同培养基配比对草莓叶片不定芽诱导的影响。结果表明,诱导叶盘再生不定芽的最佳外植体培养基为MS 6-BA（1.5mg/l) IAA(1.5mg/l)。表明只有细胞分裂素和生长素的浓度相当时,才能有效的诱导不定芽再生。     

红金钻蔓绿绒高频再生体系的建立

以红金钻根茎、叶片、叶柄为外植体,通过直接诱导不定芽和间接(愈伤组织)诱导不定芽途径,建立组培快繁体系。本研究发现:根茎直接诱导不定芽最佳培养基:MS+3 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+2 mg/L GA_3;通过愈伤组织间接诱导不定芽及其分化的最佳培养基:MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IBA;不定芽增殖最佳培养基:MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.8 mg/L IBA;生根最佳培养基为:1/2MS+0.75 mg/L NAA。将植株种植于草炭和珍珠岩以3:1混合的基质中,成活率达98%。     

中林美荷杨不定芽分化的因素分析与植株再生

对中林美荷杨进行组织培养,采用不同外植体为组织培养材料,以6-BA和NAA或IBA不同激素组合,比较1/2MS与MS不同盐浓度培养基诱导不定芽产生的情况。结果表明叶柄不定芽诱导优于茎段和叶片,茎段形成层不定芽诱导效果也较好。叶柄诱导不定芽的最佳培养基及激素组合是：1/2MS + 6-BA0.5 mg·L^-1+ NAA0.05 mg·L^-1,较MS基本培养基不定芽生长正常,芽诱导率高(76%),增殖倍数达4.7个/叶柄。通过不定芽的继代培养及壮苗、生根,形成完整植株,炼苗移栽成活率高。     

乌桕不同外植体高效再生探索

以乌桕的成熟胚、胚乳、叶片和茎段为外植体,建立高效、稳定的组培快繁再生体系,并成功获得其再生苗.结果表明:(1)全胚乳带胚的愈伤组织诱导率达90%,其愈伤组织继续在MS+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA培养基上培养,不定芽最多达15个/外植体.(2)去胚乳的胚不加调节剂则胚直接萌动成苗,萌动率和成苗率可达100%;去胚乳的胚在MS+0.05 mg·L-1 NAA+0.3 mg·L-1 6-BA最佳培养基中培养,其胚轴处可直接诱导不定芽,最多达6个/外植体.(3)无菌苗叶片在MS+0.5 mg·L-1 NAA+0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA培养基中诱导的有效不定芽数最高达18个/外植体,诱导率达90%.(4)茎段在MS+0.05 mg·L-1 NAA+0.1~0.3 mg·L-1 6-BA培养基上不定芽的诱导率较高(100%),直接诱导的不定芽数最多达17个/外植体.(5)芽苗在1/2MS+0.5 mg·L-1 IBA上生根率达到100%,但根系较细弱,而在MS+1.0 mg·L-1镧稀土中的生根率达100%,且根系粗壮;生根的小苗练苗移栽后温室内成活率为89.2%,移栽到室外沙质土壤中的成活率为68.9%.     

黑莓品种‘Arapaho’离体叶片不定芽诱导影响因素分析及再生体系建立

以黑莓(Rubus spp.)品种‘Arapaho’无菌苗叶片为外植体,通过正交和单因素实验分别研究了基本培养基类型、6-BA和1BA质量浓度以及暗培养时间、外植体的叶位和接种方式对不定芽诱导的影响,并研究了IBA质量浓度对不定芽生根的影响;在此基础上,初步建立了黑莓品种‘Arapaho’离体叶片的再生体系.正交实验结果表明:基本培养基类型对叶片不定芽诱导率及平均不定芽数的影响最大,而IBA质量浓度对叶片不定芽诱导率及6-BA质量浓度对平均不定芽数的影响较小;适宜‘Arapaho’叶片不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为含有2.0mg·L-16-BA和1.0 mg·L-1IBA的MS培养基.单因素实验结果表明:暗培养时间、外植体的叶位及接种方式对不定芽诱导率有显著影响;最适宜的暗培养时间为21 d;植株中、上部叶片的再生能力较强,其中第3和第4位叶的不定芽诱导效果最佳;叶面朝上接种更有利于不定芽的诱导.在含0.2 mg·L-1 IBA的MS培养基中,不定芽生根率达100.0％,且根数多、长势良好.黑莓品种‘Arapaho’离体叶片的再生体系为:以无菌苗的第3和第4位叶为外植体,经过适当修剪后叶面朝上接种于含有2.0 mg·L-16-BA和1.0 mg·L-1IBA的MS培养基上,暗培养21 d后置于光照条件下培养30 d;将不定芽转接到含有0.5 mg·L-16-BA和0.3mg·L-1 NAA的MS培养基上进行继代培养;当不定芽高约2 cm时转接到含有0.2 mg·L-1IBA的MS培养基上进行生根培养,最终获得完整植株.     

观赏羽衣甘蓝高频再生体系的建立

观赏羽衣甘蓝是一种赏食兼用的耐冻优良景观植物.为了通过基因工程手段赋予其抗虫性,并进一步提高其低温耐受性,获得新的抗性种质,本研究以优良育种品系为试材,详细探讨了影响离体培养不定芽再生的因素,建立了高效再生体系.以8份不同类型羽衣甘蓝基因型的带柄子叶、子叶、下胚轴为外植体,研究了不同基因型、不同外植体、不同的培养基激素浓度配比及添加AgNO3对不定芽诱导的影响.结果表明:无论基因型及使用的培养基,带柄子叶均为最佳外植体;不同的基因型、不同外植体其最佳的芽诱导培养基不同;筛选出两份材料,其带柄子叶分别在L6(MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L)及L3(MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L)培养基中不定芽诱导率为100%,下胚轴诱导率最高也能达88.33%;培养基中添加4 mg/L AgNO3不利于羽衣甘蓝的不定芽诱导;再生株生根以MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L效果好,生根率可达100%.     

西伯利亚百合器官离体培养及结鳞茎的研究

通过对西伯利亚百合不同外植体离体培养、生根培养以及结鳞茎的研究,建立了组织培养快速繁殖技术体系。结果表明:诱导鳞茎不定芽分化的最佳培养基为M S+1.0 BA+0.5 NAA,大于2 cm叶片长的分化率达到135.67%;诱导叶柄不定芽分化的最适培养基为M S+0.5 BA+1.0 NAA,分化率达到28%;诱导叶片不定芽分化的最适培养基为M S+0.5 BA+1.0 NAA+0.1 KT,分化率达到12.50%。最适增殖培养基为M S+0.2 NAA,60 d后增值率达到318%;最佳结鳞茎和生根培养基为M S+9%蔗糖,蔗糖浓度为3%~9%时,对结鳞茎和生根具有促进作用,11%时,对其具有抑制作用。     

蚊净香草快速繁殖研究

以蚊净香草嫩叶和叶柄为外植体进行培养,筛选合适的外植体与诱导、增殖和生根的最佳培养基。结果表明,叶片外植体在MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L培养基最适于诱导愈伤组织和不定芽;MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.3mg/L培养基有利于不定芽增殖;无根苗在含有低浓度无机盐和生长素水平的生根培养基上易生根,生根率高达100%。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.