侧柏叶和种子的化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

侧柏作为药用植物有着悠久的历史,其化学成分主要由挥发油、黄酮类和鞣质等组成。研究发现,侧柏叶具有止血、抗炎、抑菌、抗肿瘤、防脱发及生发等药理作用,侧柏种子具有镇静安神、促智、延长线虫寿命等药理活性。文章就近年来国内外关于侧柏叶与种子的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用的研究进行了综述,为侧柏的研究、开发和利用提供了资料依据。     

贯叶连翘的历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用研究进展

贯叶连翘是我国传统中药之一,在宋代之前作为连翘中的“小翘”应用于临床,为今之“贯叶金丝桃”的带根全草,具有收敛止血,清热解毒,利湿等功效。主要含有黄酮类、间苯三酚类、萘骈二蒽酮类、挥发油类、酚酸类等化学成分。现代药理研究表明贯叶连翘具有抗抑郁、抗菌、抗肿瘤、保肝及抗纤维化等作用,其药理作用的机制较为复杂,部分机制还有待进一步深入研究。本文对贯叶连翘历史沿革、化学成分、质量控制及药理作用等方面进行文献整理并展开综述,以期为贯叶连翘的药用部位扩展及后续深入开发研究提供参考和依据。     

我国药用菊花的化学及药理学研究新进展

对我国药用菊花植物的化学成分和药理学研究进展进行了综述.其主要成分为挥发油、黄酮类化合物等.主要药理作用有抗炎、镇痛、抗病毒、抗菌、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等.     

紫草化学成分、药理作用及产品应用研究进展

紫草为我国传统中药材,用药历史悠久.现代研究显示,紫草主要含有萘醌类、多糖类、单萜苯酚及苯醌类和酯类等多种化学成分,其药理作用主要有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抑菌、保肝护肝和免疫调节等.目前紫草的应用集药品、纺织品和药妆于一体,具有广泛的开发前景.本研究对紫草的化学成分、药理作用及产品应用作一概述,以期为紫草的深入研究和合理开发利...     

六种辛凉解表类中药挥发油化学成分的比较研究

主要采用气相色谱-质谱法对六种辛凉解表类中药（薄荷、柴胡、葛根、菊花、桑叶、牛蒡子）挥发油化学成分进行定性定量分析,采用色谱保留指数法辅助定性,对重叠色谱峰运用直观推导式演进特征投影（HELP）法解析。在理论上阐述了六种辛凉解表类中药的指纹图谱和挥发油成分方面的共性和差异。得出此类中药挥发油的指纹图谱差异较大,化学成分以萜烯、醛、醇、酮类物质为主,且不能以某几种化合物作为此类中药的有效成分等结论。结果为此类药物挥发油化学成分和特征成分研究提供依据,但药理药效研究还要进一步从中药的协同作用开展。     

诃子化学成分、药理作用机制、质量控制及炮制研究进展CSCD

通过查阅近几年国内外文献,对诃子的化学成分、药理作用及机制、质量控制和炮制研究进展进行综述。诃子内所含化学成分丰富多样,其中含鞣质、酚酸、三萜类成分居多。现代中药药理学研究表明具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等多种药理作用。本文系统阐述了诃子的化学成分、药理作用及机制、质量标准、炮制研究以及其自身安全性,为临床科学合理用药和进一步对诃子的深入开发应用提供理论依据。     

艾叶挥发油化学成分研究进展

艾叶挥发油是艾叶发挥药理作用的主要活性成分,由100余种化学成分组成,主要含单萜及其衍生物、倍半萜及其衍生物,也有少量的醛、酮、酚类化合物。本文对近十年艾叶挥发油化学成分研究的相关文献进行了分析与总结,发现产地、提取方法和采收期对艾叶挥发油化学成分数量和含量的测定结果均有较大影响,进而影响对艾叶药材的质量评价和应用。因此建议根据不同的药用目的选择采用不同产地的艾叶药材和相应的挥发油提取方法,为艾叶挥发油化学成分的进一步研究和临床应用提供参考。     

牛至挥发油的化学成分及其化感作用

为探究牛至挥发油的化学成分及其化感作用,本文采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取牛至全草挥发油,利用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)从牛至挥发油中鉴定出14种化学成分,占总出峰面积的93.6%,主要成分为甲基丁香酚(16.5%)、肉豆蔻醚(15.6%)、香芹酚(15.0%)、百里香酚(9.8%)、洋芹脑(9.4%)等。通过测定挥发油对小麦、绿豆和萝卜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,评价挥发油的化感潜力。结果表明: 牛至挥发油对3种受体植物的种子萌发有抑制作用,其中,对小麦的抑制作用最强,萝卜和绿豆次之,挥发油对供试植物地上部分生长的抑制作用大于地下部分。挥发油对3种供试植物幼茎及小麦和萝卜幼根生长的抑制作用与浓度成正相关,对绿豆幼根长度则表现为“低促高抑”现象。本研究证实牛至挥发油中含有化感物质,其活性化合物及作用机制有待进一步研究。     

牛蒡挥发油化学成分分析

用乙醚抽提牛蒡挥发油,运用GC-MS技术,结合计算机检索对其化学成分进行分析鉴定,用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。分离出68个组分,鉴定了其中63个组分,占总挥发油量的87．67％。牛蒡挥发油的主要成分为亚麻酸甲酯、亚油酸、三甲基-8-亚甲基-十氢化-2-萘甲醇、苯甲醛等。     

大血藤的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

以近几十年来国内外的文献为依据,从化学成分和药理作用方面综述了大血藤的研究进展。迄今已从大血藤中分到了多种化学成分,主要为酚酸、木脂素、三萜、挥发油等化合物,药理研究表明其具有抑菌、抗炎、抗病毒、抗过敏、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、耐缺氧、防辐射等作用,对心血管系统有较好的保护作用。大血藤化学成分复杂,药理作用广泛,具有较高的研究开发价值和广泛的应用前景。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.