Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) marker reveals genetic diversity of Dendrobium nobile Lindl., an endangered medicinal orchid species

Genetic variability in the wild genotypes of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. collected from different parts of Northeast India, was analyzed using a Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) marker system. A total of sixty individuals comprising of six natural populations were investigated for the existing natural genetic diversity. One hundred and thirty two (132) amplicons were produced by SCoT marker generating 96.21% polymorphism. The PIC value of the SCoT marker system was 0.78 and the Rp values of the primers ranged between 4.43 and 7.50. The percentage of polymorphic loci (Pp) ranging from 25% to 56.82%, Nei's gene diversity (h) from 0.08 to 0.15 with mean Nei's gene diversity of 0.28, and Shannon's information index (I) values ranging from 0.13 to 0.24 with an average value of 0.43 were recorded. The gene flow value (0.37) and the diversity among populations (0.57) demonstrated higher genetic variation among the populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed 43.37% of variation within the populations, whereas 56.63% variation was recorded among the populations. Cluster analysis also reveals high genetic variation among the genotypes. Present investigation suggests the effectiveness of SCoT marker system to estimate the genetic diversity of D. nobile and that it can be seen as a preliminary point for future research on the population and evolutionary genetics of this endangered orchid species of medicinal importance.     

白花蛇舌草中熊果酸的含量测定

目的:建立白花蛇舌草中熊果酸的含量测定方法.方法:薄层扫描法.结果:熊果酸在948～4 740 ng范围内有良好的线性关系,Y=1 519.107 3.449X,r=0.998.结论:本方法简便,可靠,精密度高,稳定性好,能快速测定白花蛇舌草中熊果酸的含量,可用于白花蛇舌草及其制剂的质量控制.     

超高效液相色谱法测定麻黄中l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱的含量

目的:建立超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)测定麻黄中l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱含量的方法,为麻黄药材质量评价提供依据。方法:UPLC测定麻黄碱色谱柱为Waters Acquity BEH-C_(18)(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7μm);检测波长:214 nm;流动相为0.15%氨水水溶液(A)和乙腈(B),梯度洗脱(0.0～4.0 min,5%B→55%B;4.0～4.1 min,55%B→95%B;4.1～4.7 min,95%B;4.7～4.8 min,95%B→5%B;4.8～5.0 min,5%B),流速:0.7mL/min;柱温:25℃。结果:l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱分别在12.50～500.00μg/mL和10.50～420.00μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0.9999,UPLC方法测定l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱的回收率分别为101.99%和98.68%。应用UPLC方法测定麻黄药材中的l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱的含量,麻黄药材两者含量分别为0.80%和0.18%。结论:与常规HPLC测定l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱含量方法比较,本文所用方法测定结果更加准确、全面、且重复性好,能够快速测定麻黄药材中的l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱的实际含量;并且对麻黄碱及相关物质的测定有一定的指导意义。     

加压毛细管电色谱法测定复方芦丁片中芦丁和维生素C的含量

目的:采用加压毛细管电色谱法测定复方芦丁片中芦丁与维生素C的含量。方法:采用Trisep~(TM)-2100加压毛细管电色谱仪,以C18毛细管色谱柱(300 mm×100μm i.d.,1.8μm)为固定相,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.4%磷酸(18:70:12),用三乙胺调节pH值至3.0,总流速为0.05 mL·min~(-1),检测波长为254 nm。结果:芦丁的线性范围为2.0~20μg·mL~(-1)(r~2=0.999);平均回收率为99.4%,RSD为1.2%(n=9);维生素C的线性范围为2.0~50μg·mL~(-1)(r~2=0.999);平均回收率为99.3%,RSD为1.4%(n=9)。另外,本方法与原国标方法进行了比较,结果基本一致。结论:加压毛细管电色谱法可用于复方芦丁片有效成分含量的测定,该方法简单、快速、准确,为复方芦丁片质量控制提供了新检测技术。     

Congruency analysis of species ranking based on leaf traits: which traits are the more reliable?

Nine leaf traits (area, fresh weight, dry weight, volume, density, thickness, specific leaf area (SLA), dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC)) from ten plant species at eight sites in southern mediterranean France were investigated in order to assess their variability along a climatic gradient and their ranking congruency power. After examination of trait correlation patterns, we reduced the nine initial leaf traits to four traits, representative of three correlation groups: allometric traits (dry weight), functional traits (SLA and dry matter percentage) and Leaf Thickness. We analysed the variability of these four leaf traits at species and site level. We observed that between species variation (between 64.5 for SLA and 91% for LDMC) is higher than within species variation. Allowing a good congruency of species ranking assessed by spearman rank correlation () and a good reallocation of individuals to species by discriminant analysis. A site level variability (between 0.7% for Dry weight and 6.9% for SLA) was identified and environmental parameters (altitude, temperature, precipitation, nitrogen, pH) were considered as probable control factors. We found significant correlation between SLA, LDMC and the average minimum temperature (respectively r=0.87 and r=-0,9) and no correlation for the other traits or environmental parameters. Furthermore, we conclude that two leaf traits appear to be central in describing species: specific leaf area (SLA), percentage of dry matter (LDMC. While, SLA and LDMC are strongly correlated, LDMC appears to be less variable than SLA. According to our results the Dry Matter Content (or its reversal Leaf Water Content) appears the best leaf trait to be quantified for plant functional screening. Leaf thickness appeared to be rather uncorrelated with other leaf traits and show no environmental contingency; its variability could not have been explained in this study. Further studies should focus on this trait. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

板栗空篷发生的主要营养物质的变化

为弄清板栗空篷发生的内在原因,迅速提高板栗产量,研究了空篷率（ＥＣ）和正常栗（Ｃ）在受粉受精,幼胚发育和子叶发育三个时期中,总苞和子房（含胚）内的１８种氨基酸,矿质元素和碳水化合物等的含量变化过程。结果表明,氨基酸总量：空篷总苞比正常栗低１４．４２％,空篷子房比正常栗低３８．８３％,矿质元素：空篷总苞比正常栗低的元素有胛（－３７．５％）,镁（－５３．３３％）、硼（－３８．１％）和锌（－２５．６３）     

Combining ability analysis of beta-Carotene,total carotenoids and other grain characteristics in pearl millet

Summary Combining ability studies with respect to grain quality characteristics viz., beta-Carotene, total carotenoids, protein content, 250-grain weight, grain hardness and grain yield were carried out from a 13x13 diallel cross set in pearl millet [Pennisetum typhoides (Burm S&H)].The parents versus hybrids comparison indicated significant heterosis for all the traits under study. In general the hybrids having higher grain yield had bold hard grains with more carotene but low protein content, although a few hybrids combined high yield with an average protein percentage. The relative proportions of the general and specific combining ability variances indicated predominance of non-additive genetic variance with respect to all the traits. The per se performance of parents provided a fairly good indication of their combining ability in most cases. Parents possessing desirable grain quality characteristics were identified. Breeding implications are discussed.Part of the Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the Punjab Agricultural University by the senior author in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree     

液相色谱/质谱联用法分析不同年龄鼠皮肤中I型、III型胶原蛋白相对含量

哺乳动物皮肤中真皮内的胶原蛋白含量约占70%,主要是I型、III型和少量V型胶原蛋白。利用稀酸溶解和酶法提取了大鼠皮肤中的总胶原蛋白,将胶原蛋白粗提品在60℃变性后用胰蛋白酶进行降解,液相色谱/质谱联用法分析两种胶原蛋白的特征多肽,并研究不同生长期大鼠皮肤中I型和III型胶原蛋白相对含量。结果表明,大鼠皮肤中的III型胶原蛋白的相对含量随生长期延长逐渐降低,而I型胶原蛋白的相对含量逐渐升高,8周后两种胶原蛋白的比例趋于稳定。表明使用高效液相色谱/质谱联用法分析组织中的胶原蛋白类型及其动态变化具有可行性,为更好的临床应用提供实验基础。     

雪菜的亚硝酸盐含量-线性模型与神经网络

亚硝酸盐含量直接影响雪菜食用的安全性．利用正交试验对雪菜腌制过程中影响亚硝酸盐含量变化的若干因素进行研究,建立数学模型,包括线性模型与神经网络模型．     

天然水体中生物膜及悬浮颗粒物的元素含量研究

应用一种简便的生物膜采样装置 ,分别于 1999年 7和 10月在北京颐和园昆明湖水体中采集生物膜、悬浮颗粒物和湖水样品 ,研究了天然水体中生物膜及悬浮颗粒物的元素含量 .用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)观察生物膜的形态和结构表明 ,生物膜内存在着棒形或球形的细菌、藻类、有机碎屑、原生动物和甲壳类动物等 .对生物膜样品的重量分析表明 ,在实验期间 ,随着生长时间的延长 ,生物膜样品的干重明显增加 .生长 78d时 ,1m水深处的生物膜样品干重可达 5 .19mg·cm-2 .用电感藕合等离子体发射光谱仪 (ICP AES)测定了生物膜、悬浮颗粒物和湖水中元素含量 .结果表明 ,实验期间生物膜中元素含量高于悬浮颗粒物 .同一时间、相同地点、不同水层深度生物膜样品中的元素含量无明显的规律性 .在 3个采样点 ,1及 1.5m水深处的生物膜样品中Ca、Mg、K、Na、Al、Fe和S的含量基本相近 ,Mn、Sr、Ti、P、La、Co、Cu、Pb、Li、Ni、B、Ce、V、Be和Cr的含量存在差异 .生长时间越长 ,生物膜样品的元素含量相对较高