The effect of environmental parameters on growth, cholinesterase activity and glutathione S-transferase activity in the earthworm (Apporectodea caliginosa)

The effect of age and environmental parameters on growth, cholinesterase (ChE), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were assessed in juvenile Apporectodea caliginosa earthworms. Earthworms were maintained in three types of soil- loam, sandy, and clay- at a range of moisture contents (15-30%), and temperatures (5-20 C). Earthworm age (1-3 months) had no significant affect on ChE activity. Growth rates were influenced by all environmental parameters tested and these effects were interrelated. Optimum conditions for growth appeared to be in loam or sandy soil with 25-30% moisture at 10-15 C. The GST activity was influenced by soil temperature and activity was significantly higher at 15 C than at 5 C and 10 C. Soil type also influenced GST activity and this influence was dependent on moisture content. In sandy soil GST activity was significantly lower at 30% moisture than at lower moisture contents, in loam soil GST activity was significantly higher at 15% moisture than at higher moisture contents, while in clay soil GST activity was not affected by moisture content. These results indicate that in field experiments when evaluating GST activity soil temperature and soil type need to be consistent between control and 'contaminated sites'. ChE activity was only affected by temperature, so this should be considered when comparing control and treatedareas.     

“黄鳝籽”油菜植株内含物与菌核病扩展的关系

通过对中、高两种肥力下“黄鳝籽”油菜植株内含物与菌核病扩展间关系的研究,建立了12个数字模型．说明高肥田油菜病斑长、宽和面积与含水量及水溶性糖密切相关;其次是精氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和组氨酸;中肥田油菜病斑长、宽和面积与精氨酸、天门冬氨酸密切相关;其次是水溶性糖、水溶性蛋白和硬脂酸．高、中肥田同株主茎上、下部病斑及不同株同一部位病斑扩展动态均无明显差异．     

城市环境中树木年轮的变异及其与工业发展的关系

通过对污染敏感树种油松年轮宽度和元素含量的变异与沈阳工业发展的相关分析。追溯和重建沈阳地区的生态环境变迁史,揭示城市环境质量与树木年轮变异之间的相关规律。结果表明,在城市污染条件下,树木年轮宽度和微量元素含量均发生了明显的变异,而且这些变异与沈阳工业发展显著相关．     

An analysis of association of components of yield and oil in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Summary Inter-relationships of various component characters with yield and oil content were analysed using 215 entries of safflower from India and U.S.A. Correlation of capsule number per plant and capsule weight with yield per plant was pronounced and they showed large direct effects on yield. All other components influenced seed yield mainly through these two components. Seed size had little effect on yield while seed number exerted a positive influence. The proportion of hull expressed as per cent of the whole seed revealed a highly significant and inverse relationship with oil content and was mainly responsible for the observed variability in oil content in the material. Although negative association was indicated between seed size and oil content, it was observed to be due to the indirect effect of hull content and not due to direct effect of seed size. Interestingly, yield per plant and its major components, number of capsules and capsule weight, revealed a negligible relationship with oil content. Both direct as well as indirect effects of hull percent and yield per plant were responsible for the favourable effect of seed number on oil content. The correlation of plant height, days to first flowering and total crop growth period with yield and oil content was either negligible or low, offering scope for developing early maturing and dwarf varieties with high yield and oil content. Spine index showed a non-significant association with yield and oil content. Capsule number, capsule weight and hull per cent were observed to be the most important components in breeding for higher yield and oil content.     

茶叶锌、硒含量变化与种植土壤差异的研究

以贵州4个茶叶产地(贵定、都匀、凤冈、湄潭)生产的新鲜茶叶(贵定云雾茶、都匀毛尖、凤冈锌硒茶、湄潭翠芽)及种植土壤为材料,研究了不同茶树叶片及种植土壤的锌、硒含量,研究不同土壤类型及不同深度土壤锌、硒含量的差异;茶树当年生新叶(一芽二叶)和生长1年以上老叶的锌、硒含量变化;土壤锌、硒含量与新老叶片锌、硒含量之间的关系。结果显示,随着茶园土壤深度(0~20 cm,20~40 cm)的增加,锌含量增加了2.0%~18.0%,而土壤硒含量则没有明显变化;不同样地土壤和同一样地土壤不同深度的锌、硒含量差异均达显著水平(Sig.0.01),但差异未见明显规律;茶树新叶锌、硒含量比老叶分别高2.3~4.0倍和1.2~3.0倍;新叶的锌、硒含量与土壤锌、硒含量呈正相关关系,且新叶中的锌、硒含量之间也呈正相关关系。表明土壤中的锌、硒含量来源于成土母岩并直接影响茶叶的品质,因此合理选择土壤类型对种植优质茶和规划发展茶产业具有重要意义。     

大豆蛋白质含量的遗传变异及其与主要农艺性状的相关性分析

摘要：以综合性状优良的黄淮海区主栽大豆品种中黄13为轮回亲本,从大豆微核心种质中选择蛋白质含量显著低于或高于轮回亲本的中黄20、东山69、迟黄豆-1和泰兴牛毛黄乙等4个品种作为供体亲本,比较分析了4个组合的RP、DP、F2、BC1F2和BC2F2蛋白质含量的遗传变异及其与主要农艺性状的相关性,结果表明,双亲蛋白质含量高有利于提高其杂交、回交后代的蛋白质平均含量及超轮回亲本个体比例;F2、BC1F2和BC2F2群体蛋白质含量的变异系数依次降低,BC2F2的蛋白质平均含量及其变异系数接近于轮回亲本;蛋白质含量在F2群体内呈正态分布,在双亲蛋白质含量高的组合中,其BC1F2群体呈偏态分布,但在BC2F2群体恢复了正态分布,稳定较快;供体亲本与其杂交2代、回交1代和回交2代在蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、株高、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重等性状上呈显著或极显著相关。     

黄芩的结构与黄芩苷含量的关系

应用解剖学、组织化学定位和植物化学技术,研究了一、二年生黄芩（Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi）营养器官的结构特征与黄芩苷积累的关系。结果表明：黄芩各营养器官的结构类似于一般草本双子叶植物,黄芩苷主要分布在各器官的薄壁组织细胞内,其中以维管组织的薄壁细胞为多。器官间含量的不同表现为根〉叶〉茎,这与其结构特征相对应,根中维管组织所占比例最大,其中薄壁组织细胞又占主要部分,故根中黄芩苷含量最高。说明根部是黄芩苷的主要贮存部位,符合黄芩以根入药的传统。不同生长期黄芩苷含量测定结果表明,两年生营养生长前期春季根内含量最高,所以春季采挖为好。     

复方多糖口服液的制备及质量研究

目的制备复方多糖口服液,并进行定量分析,对各项指标进行检测。方法采用水提醇沉法制备复方多糖口服液,薄层色谱法进行定性鉴别,苯酚-硫酸法测定含量。结果检测波长为490 nm,在4.86～24.7mg范围内多糖呈线性关系,加样回收率为99.84%。结论本法简便易行,结果稳定,可做复方多糖口服液中多糖的含量测定方法。     

大海林地区不同生境高山红景天根部红景天甙含量的差异

在黑龙江省大海林地区海拔1400~1620m的高山上,依据高山红景天的生境于岳桦林内、高山草甸、苔原上选择了6个样地,测定了高山红景天根部的红景天甙含量。生境不同的高山红景天,根部红景天甙的含量有明显差异,红景天甙含量范围为0.101%~0.684%。从测定结果看,光照条件好、土壤肥沃的生境下高山红景天根部的红景天甙含量较高。