可育的抗除草剂溴苯腈转基因小麦

报道了采用微粒轰击（Ｍｉｃｒｏｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｉｌｅ ｂｏｍ ｂａｒｄｍ ｅｎｔ） 幼胚将除草剂抗性基因导入小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）的转化研究。实验共使用了１３ 个小麦品种, 从开花后１４～１８ ｄ 的籽粒中剥取幼胚, 植物表达质粒含有ＣａＭＶ ３５Ｓ启动子控制的除草剂溴苯腈抗性基因ｂｘｎ 以及筛选标记基因ＮＴＰⅡ。采用高压放电基因枪,用质粒ＤＮＡ 包被的钨粒轰击预培养３ ｄ 的幼胚。在含有卡那霉素类似物ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｉｎ Ｇ４１８ｓｕｌｐｈａｔｅ 的ＭＳ培养基上, 经过多步骤筛选和分化, 从８００ 多个幼胚中获得了１６ 株转化苗。除草剂抗性鉴定和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交分析证明, 其中４ 株为转基因植物,具有溴苯腈抗性, 并且自交可育。转化工作从分离幼胚到转化苗鉴定完毕, 最短时间为６ 个月, 因此, 该方法是一项快速有效的基因导入技术     

利用激光微束穿刺法将外源基因导入小麦的研究

用激光微束穿刺法将携带有新霉素磷酸转移酶（ＮＰＴ－Ⅱ）基因的质粒ｐＪＩＴ１０１导入京花１号小麦幼胚细胞。方法是将小麦幼胚细胞进行高渗缓冲液预处理,用微米级的激光微束处理,然后在卡那霉素培养基上筛选出具抗性的愈伤组织及绿色小植株。第一年,从１５０个小麦幼胚中,在卡那霉素培养基上筛选出４株绿苗,取两株进行ＮＰＴ－Ⅱ酶活性分析,测到了ＮＰＴ－Ⅱ酶的活性。第二年重复实验,从２４５个小麦幼胚中,经筛选获得１株绿苗,进行了叶片ＤＮＡＰＣＲ扩增检测,转化的绿色小苗扩增出所导入的ＮＰＴ－Ⅱ基因编码的片段。结果表明,外源ＮＰＴ－Ⅱ基因已导入了小麦,并实现了整合表达。     

抗除草剂草甘膦EPSPs基因在小麦中的转化

通过基因枪法,用抗除草剂草甘膦的ＥＰＳＰｓ基因转化小麦京花１号的幼穗约１０００个,及幼胚约８００个,经草甘膦选择后分别获得３８株和４株再生植株。这些再生植株经ＰＣＲ和（或）Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证明,其中有部分再生植株的基因组中稳定整合了外源ＥＰＳＰｓ基因,并且转化体中部分是可育的。首次用实验证明,抗除草剂草甘膦的ＥＰＳＰｓ基因作为单子叶禾谷类作物小麦基因转化的选择标记是行之有效的。     

猪瘟病毒石门株NS2—3基因片段的序列测定及比较

根据猪瘟病毒Ｃ株的序列,以计算机辅助设计,化学合成１对引物（ＰＦ５６４８／ＰＲ６６０４）,应用ＲＴＰＣＲ技术从感染猪血中成功地扩增了我国猪瘟病毒强毒石门株ＮＳ２３基因片段,大小为９５７ｂｐ,位于ＮＳ３基因的中部ＮＴＰａｓｅ和Ｈｅｌｉｃａｓｅ活性区。克隆后测序,结果表明该段基因产物具有解旋酶超家族全部七个特征性保守序列,包括共同的ＮＴＰ结合基序Ａ位点（ＧＸＧＫＴ／Ｓ）和Ｂ位点（３ｈｙ,２ｘ）Ｄ。序列同源性比较表明,石门株与日本的ＡＬＤ和ＧＰＥ－株同源性最高,与其它３株猪瘟病毒（Ｃ株、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ株和Ａｌｆｏｒｔ株）的同源性也很高,并与２株牛病毒性腹泻病毒（ＢＶＤＶ）（ＮＡＤＬ株和ＳＤ１株）也有较高的同源性,尤其是由核苷酸序列推导的氨基酸序列,同源性均大于９０％,是瘟病毒属基因组中最保守的区段,这与该基因产物在病毒复制及聚蛋白前体加工过程中所具有的重要功能是一致的     

将抗真菌病基因导入马铃薯的研究

实验采用微束激光穿刺技术和农杆菌介导方法,将携带有Ⅰ型烟草β－１,３－葡聚糖酶基因和Ⅰ型菜豆几丁质酶基因的ｐＢＬＧＣ质粒导入马铃薯（Ｓｏｌａｎｕｍ ｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍ Ｌ．）品种“津引８号”。微束激光穿刺技术转化中,获得了７株卡那霉素抗性再生苗,分子检测证明,其中有１株为菜豆几丁质酶基因单基因转化植株。在农杆菌介导方法中得到了１３株卡那霉素抗性再生苗,其中有３株为烟草β－１,３－葡聚糖酶基因单基因     

提高小麦基因枪法转化频率的研究

用基因枪法将带Ｂａｒ－ＧＵＳ双标记基因的质粒较入普通春小麦品种中－６０６３４的幼胚盾片,并获基因植株。在轰击的经预培养３－４天的３４２块幼胚片再经筛选再生的植株中,经ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ分析表明,     

抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因在家蚕细胞和幼虫中的表达

将抗癌胚抗原（ＣＥＡ）单链抗体基因插入家蚕杆状病毒转移载体ｐＢａｃＰＡＫＨｉｓ, 与修饰的家蚕核型多角体病毒ＢｍＢａｃＰＡＫＤＮＡ共转染家蚕细胞, 经同源重组得到含有在多角体蛋白基因启动子控制下的抗ＣＥＡＳｃＦｖ 基因的重组病毒ＢｍＢａｃＳｃＦｖ。用重组病毒分别感染家蚕细胞和幼虫, 在两者中均得到了高效表达, 产物分子量为２８ｋＤ, 前者占细胞总蛋白的６ ％ , 后者为０ ．３ ｍｇ／ 蚕。目的基因在家蚕细胞和幼虫中表达产物经Ｎｉ２＋ＩＤＡＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ６Ｂ亲和柱纯化, 前者纯度可达９０％ 以上, 后者纯度较低; 纯化后的融合蛋白具有ＣＥＡ 结合活力, 其亲和常数分别为５ ．４×１０８／ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－ １ 和２．３ ×１０８／ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ , 略低于其亲本单抗Ｅ７Ｂ１０ ２．７ ×１０９／ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－ １ 。     

一种水稻酰基辅酶A结合蛋白cDNA的鉴定(英文)

对一水稻ｃＤＮＡ 克隆（Ｒ１９０８） 的分析表明, 其可能编码水稻酰基辅酶Ａ 结合蛋白（ａｃｙｌＣｏＡｂｉｎｄｉｎｇ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＡＣＢＰ）。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交显示水稻（ Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．） 基因组中仅有一个该基因的拷贝。Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ 分析表明水稻的ＡＣＢＰ基因在水稻的根、茎、叶、叶鞘、黄化苗和幼穗中皆表达,而以黄化苗的绿苗叶鞘中的表达强度高于绿苗叶片。     

用激光微束穿刺法转化甘蓝型油菜小孢子的研究

建立了油菜小孢子再生胚状体的实验体系,掌握了受体最佳发育时期,使再生频率高达２１．２个胚状体／花蕾。以油菜游离小孢子为受体,用微束激光穿刺法导入芜菁花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因（ＴｕＭＶ）,成功地获得了转基因植株。研究结果表明,用预培养３天的小孢子进行转化得到的１５个胚状体,再生出一株绿苗,２株白苗。而未经预培养的小孢子未能得到转基因植株。用植物总ＤＮＡ以ＰＣＲ法扩增ＴｕＭＶ基因产物片断,然后进行电泳检测,证明该绿苗带有芜菁花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因。     

一种水稻酰基辅酶A结合蛋白cDNA的鉴定

对一水稻ｃＤＮＡ克隆（Ｒ１９０８）的分析表明,其可能编码水稻酰基辅酶Ａ结合蛋白（ａｃｙｌ－ＣｏＡ－ｂｉｎｄｉｎｇ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＡＣＢＰ）。Ｓｏｕｔｈ－ｅｒｎ杂交显示水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ）基因组中仅有一个该基因的拷贝。Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ分析表明水稻的ＡＣＢＰ基因在水稻的根、茎、叶、叶鞘、黄化苗和幼穗中皆表达,而以黄化苗的绿苗叶鞘中的表达高于绿苗叶片。     

基因枪法获得逆境诱导转录因子DREB1A转基因小麦的研究

以小麦品种H6756和藁城8901作为基因枪转化的靶材料,取其护颖至雌雄蕊原基形成期的幼穗,用含逆境诱导转录因子DREB1A和bar基因的质粒pAHC25轰击胚性愈伤组织,在分别含有5mgL和10mgLBasta溶液的培养基上进行筛选。得到的抗性愈伤组织在不含Basta溶液的培养基上再生培养,获得218棵再生植株。田间涂抹浓度为100mgL的Basta溶液检测后,对抗性植株作PCR检测,获得54棵再生植株。通过对其中20株T1代的PCR和Southern杂交分析,已获得14株含DREB1A和bar基因的转基因小麦植株,其中H675613株,藁城89011株。     

Luciferase as a reporter gene for transformation studies in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Transformed rice plants of var `TN1' were regenerated from immature embryos following particle bombardment with a construct containing the firefly luciferase gene as a reporter gene and the hygromycin resistance gene as a selectable marker. Expression of the luciferase gene in the presence of the substrate luciferin was visualised in the calli derived from bombarded immature embryos and in the leaves and roots of the regenerated transformed plants using a low light imaging system (luminograph). Embryogenic callus proliferation and plant regeneration were unaffected by luciferin treatment and luminograph screening. The quantitative Luc assay using samples of leaf tissue from the segregating generations gave early information about the homozygous and hemizygous state of the luc transgene. Received: 25 August 1998 / Revision received: 2 November 1998 / Accepted: 13 November 1998     

Self-Fertile Transgenic Wheat Plants Expressing Herbicide Bromoxynil Resistance

Genetic manipulation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) by biotechnological approaches is currently limited by a lack of efficient and reliable transformation method. The authors report a reproducible protocol for rapid production of transgenic wheat via microprojectile bombardment. The experiment was carried out by using the immature embryo excised from caryopsis 14 to 18 days postanthesis and the plant expression plasmid carrying a CaMV 35S-controlled bxn gene, for resistance to herbicide bromoxynil and a selectahle marker gene NPT I. After bombarding the precultured immature embryos isolated from 13 wheat varieties with plasmid DNA-coated tungsten particle, these embryos were transferred on MS medium containing 10 mg/L geneticin G418 sulphate to select and regenerate transformants step by step. As a result, 16 transformed plants were obtained from a total of 849 bombarded embryos. The characterization of these plants by inoculation with herbicide bromoxynil and Southern analysis with bxn gene as a probe showed that 4 of the self-fertile transformed plants contained the target gene and presented herbicide resistance. In several independent transformation experiments, the fastest one took only 6 months from embryo excision to characterization of regenerated plants. Therefore, this procedure is a rapid and efficient technique for delivering foreign DNA into wheat.     

Hygromycin resistance as an efficient selectable marker for wheat stable transformation

Summary A highly efficient method for stable wheat transformation using hygromycin resistance as a selectable marker is described. Young embryogenic calli growing from immature wheat embryos were transformed using a gunpowder-driven microparticle accelerator. Transgenic wheat plants were determined by PCR amplification of transgene fragments and confirmed by Southern hybridization, activity of the transgene expression and by analysis of the progeny. The hpt gene was as good as or a better selectable marker than the bar gene with an average efficiency (number of transgenic plants relative to the number of bombarded calli) of 5.5% compared with 2.6% for the bar gene.     

Glyphosate-tolerant CP4 and GOX genes as a selectable marker in wheat transformation

The lack of alternative selectable markers in crop transformation has been a substantial barrier for commercial application of agricultural biotechnology. We have developed an efficient selection system for wheat transformation using glyphosate-tolerant CP4 and GOX genes as a selectable marker. Immature embryos of the wheat cultivar Bobwhite were bombarded with two separate plasmids harboring the CP4/GOX and GUS genes. After a 1 week delay, the bombarded embryos were transferred to a selection medium containing 2 mM glyphosate. Embryo-derived calli were subcultured onto the same selection medium every 3 weeks consecutively for 9–12 weeks, and were then regenerated and rooted on selection media with lower glyphosate concentrations. Transgenic plants tolerant to glyphosate were recovered. ELISA assay confirmed expression of the CP4 and GOX genes in R₀ plants. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that the transgenes were integrated into the wheat genomes and transmitted to the following generation. The use of CP4 and GOX genes as a selectable marker provides an efficient, effective, and alternative transformation selection system for wheat.     

Evaluation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) leaflets from mature zygotic embryos as recipient tissue for biolostic gene transfer

Leaflets from mature peanut embryos are a useful recipient tissue for biolistic DNA transfer. Fertile plants were regenerated from leaflets from genotypes representing all botanical types of peanut. Regeneration frequency was strongly influenced by genotype. NPT II and GUS chimaeric gene fusions, driven by the CaMV 35S promoter, were expressed transiently following biolistic delivery to unexpanded leaflets. Bombardment conditions affecting transient expression frequency were determined using a prototype of the Bio Rad PDS 1000/He helium-powered particle acceleration apparatus. Stably transformed calli were derived routinely from leaflet tissue bombarded with the NPT II gene and subsequently cultured on kanamycin. Several plants have been regenerated from treated explants under kanamycin selection. Thus far, none of these has been stably transformed. The occurrence of escapes suggests that kanamycin is an inefficient selective agent for the recovery of transgenic peanuts from this explant. Experiments designed to regenerate plants using published regeneration protocols from stably transformed calli, devoid of primary explant tissue, have been unsuccessful.     

Fertile transgenic Brachiaria ruziziensis (ruzigrass) plants by particle bombardment of tetraploidized callus

We have produced transgenic plants of the tropical forage crop Brachiaria ruziziensis (ruzigrass) by particle bombardment-mediated transformation of multiple-shoot clumps and embryogenic calli. Cultures of multiple-shoot clumps and embryogenic calli were induced on solidified MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 4mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2mg/L BAP, respectively. Both cultures were bombarded with a vector containing an herbicide resistance gene (bar) as a selectable marker and the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Sixteen hours after bombardment, embryogenic calli showed a significantly higher number of transient GUS expression spots per plate and callus than multiple-shoot clumps, suggesting that embryogenic callus is the more suitable target tissue. Following bombardment and selection with 10mg/L bialaphos, herbicide-resistant embryogenic calli regenerated shoots and roots in vitro, and mature transgenic plants have been raised in the greenhouse. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA gel blot analysis verified that the GUS gene was integrated into the genome of the two regenerated lines. In SacI digests, the two transgenic lines showed two or five copies of GUS gene fragments, respectively, and integration at different sites. Histochemical analysis revealed stable expression in roots, shoots and inflorescences. Transgenic plants derived from diploid target callus turned out to be sterile, while transgenics from colchicine-tetraploidized callus were fertile.     

多年生黑麦草成熟胚再生体系的建立及基因枪转化

目的:建立以多年生黑麦草成熟胚为起始材料的再生体系,用于基因枪转化。方法:多年生黑麦草成熟种子在附加 5mg L 2,4 D的MS培养基上诱导愈伤组织,转至新继代培养基上产生胚性愈伤组织。分化培养基为无激素MS培养基。再生植株在培养基成分减半的无激素MS培养基生根,之后移栽至土壤。基于这一再生体系,用含有水稻几丁质酶基因RC2 4的质粒pARN6和含有草丁膦乙酰转移酶基因Bar的质粒pDB1,通过基因枪轰击胚性愈伤组织。用附加PPT的继代培养基进行转化植株的抗性筛选。结果:共获得 2 4 3株再生植株。通过PCR进行检测,获得1 8株整合有RC2 4基因的植株,1 5株整合有Bar基因的植株,同时转入 2个基因的植株 2株。     

An efficient wheat transformation procedure: transformed calli with long-term morphogenic potential for plant regeneration

 A method for producing large numbers of transgenic wheat plants has been developed. With this approach, an average of 9.7% of immature embryo explants were transformed and generated multiple self-fertile, independently transformed plants. No untransformed plants, or escapes, were regenerated. This transformation procedure uses morphogenic calli derived from scutellum tissue of immature embryos of Triticum aestivum cv. Bobwhite co-bombarded with separate plasmids carrying a selectable marker gene (bar) and a gene of interest, respectively. Transformed wheat calli with a vigorous growth phenotype were obtained by extended culture on media containing 5.0 mg/l bialaphos. These calli retained morphogenic potential and were competent for plant regeneration for as long as 11 months. The bar gene and the gene of interest were co-expressed in T0 progeny plants. This wheat transformation protocol may facilitate quantitative production of multiple transgenic plants and significantly reduce the cost and labor otherwise required for screening out untransformed escapes. Received: 15 June 1998 / Revision received: 6 April 1999 / Accepted: 26 April 1999