献血员巨细胞病毒感染的研究

用ＰＣＲ法和ＤＮＡ杂交法检测同一献血员的白细胞及血清中的ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ,并用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测血清中的ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ（测四个不度）,连续两年共检测白细胞和血清样本各２００人份。ＰＣＲ法检测白细胞中的ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为６３％和７０％,ＤＮＡ杂交法检测的阳性率为４２％和５０％。ＰＣＲ法检测血清中的ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ的阳性率为４９％和５３％,ＤＮＡ杂交法检测的阳性率为３３％和３９％。Ｈ     

HBV─C基因探针的制备及应用

应用ＰＣＲ技术扩增出ＨＢＶＤＮＡＣ基因片段并与ｐＡＴ１５３质粒重组,转化到Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＲＲＩ中,经体内扩增,提纯,用光生物素标记,制备了Ｃ基因的重组质粒探针。该探针检测灵敏度在Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹中达１ｐｇ,在点印迹中为５ｐｇ。用此探针以Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹方式配合ＰＣＲ技术检测乙肝病人血清中的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ,在５３例ＰＣＲ产物电泳检测阴性的样品中,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交又检出１８例阳性。     

乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒的同步PCR扩增

介绍了一种从人血清中同步扩增和检测ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ和ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ的方法。ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ反转录成ｃＤＮＡ,这种ｃＤＮＡ和从ＨＢＶ中抽提出的ＤＮＡ一起,用根据ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ保守区序列设计的特异引物进行同步ＰＣＲ扩增,这种方法对于检测ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ重复感染很有用处     

PCR检测血清HBV DNA

本文利用ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ基因组ｐｒｅＣ和Ｃ区的一套引物,以ＰＣＲ法检测了２６例健康正常人血清和９５例免疫标志各异、临床症状不同的乙肝或可疑乙肝患者的血清,前者无１例检出ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ,后者共检出的６６例血 清存在ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ。该方法特异性强,适用于检测任一亚型的ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ,一轮ＰＣＲ最低可检出０．１ｐｇ的ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ。     

乙型肝炎患者HBV复制水平的定量PCR研究

本文采用定量ＰＣＲ方法观察了慢性乙型肝炎患者ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的复制水平。结果表明在ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性患者血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检出率和水平显著高于ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性患者（Ｐ＜０．０１）;血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ水平的高低与ＡＬＴ异常情况未发现有相关性。     

HBV—C基因探针的制备及应用

应用ＰＣＲ技术扩增出ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ Ｃ基因片段并与ｐＡＴ１５３质粒重组,转化到Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＲＲＩ中,经体内扩增,提纯,用光生物系标记,制备了Ｃ基因的重组质粒探针。该探检测灵敏度在Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹中达１ｐｇ,在点印迹中为５ｐｇ。用此探针以Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹方式配合ＰＣＲ技术检测乙肝病人血清中的ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ,在５３例ＰＣＲ产物电泳检测阴性的样品中,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交又检出１８例阳性。     

用套式多聚酶链反应技术监测乙型肝炎病毒的母婴垂直传播

用套式多聚酶链反应（Ｎｅｓｔｅｄ－ＰＣＲ）技术对１６９对ＨＢｓＡｇ及ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性孕妇及其新生儿外周血清进行了ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测。１０３对ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性孕妇及其新生儿外周血清中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为７２．８％和３３．０％;６６对ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ双阳性的孕妇及其新生儿外周血清中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为８６．４％和４３．９％。对５５例ＨＢｓＡｇ及ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性产妇产后的初乳进行了ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测,结果ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率为３６．４％。结果表明ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ双阳性的孕妇及其新生儿外周血清ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检出率较ＨＢｓＡｇ单阳性的孕妇及其新生儿要高,其初乳中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的检出率也高。还对１０５例注射了乙肝疫苗及高价乙肝特异性免疫球蛋白的６月龄婴儿的外周血清进行了ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ检测,结果有２３例阳性。     

HCV RNA的检测方法简介

本文讨论了检测丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（ＨＣＶＲＮＡ）的样本来源和处理,引物的设计,合成和选择等问题;重点介绍了蛋白酶Ｋ消化法,聚乙二醇沉淀法,异硫氰酸胍一步法,硅凝胶提取法和直接捕获法提取ＨＣＶ　ＲＮＡ的５种方法,以及一步ＰＣＲ法,常规ＲＴ－巢式ＰＣＲ,直接ＲＴ－巢式ＰＣＲ,化学修饰的ＲＴ－巢式ＰＣＲ,联合ＰＣＲ,双温ＰＣＲ和定量竞争性ＰＣＲ等７种ＰＣＲ方法检测ＨＣＶ　ＲＮＡ,用ＰＣＲ检测ＨＣＶ　ＲＮＡ方法的标准化以及检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ具有非常重要的意义。本文还介绍了一种新型的定量方法－ｂＤＮＡ信号放大技术检测ＨｃＶＲＮＡ。     

HRP-HBVDNA探针在临检应用中的研究

本文介绍了一种简便的检测血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的方法。参照Ｒｅｎｚ等人的标记方法,构建了直接酶标ＨＲＰ ＨＢＶＤＮＡ探针。此探针经与固定在硝酸纤维素滤膜上的血清靶ＤＮＡ杂交后,可通过化学发光自显影检测技术观察结果。敏感度可检测０－１ｐｇ靶ＤＮＡ,相当于同位素探针的灵敏度。对６３份ＨＢｓＡｇＨＢｅＡｇ和Ａｎｔｉ ＨＢｃＥＬＩＳＡ阳性血清以及２４份ＨＢｓＡｇＡｎｔｉ ＨＢｃ阳性,ＨｂｅＡｇ阴性血清用ＨＲＰ ＨＢＶＤＮＡ探针进行检测,结果探针ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性率分别为１００％（６３）和５８％（１４）;对５０份ＨＢｓＡｇ,ＥＬＩＳＡ阴性和ＡＬＴ正常的血清,探针ＨＢＶＤＮＡ全部阴性。实验结果表明本方法具有很大的推广应用价值。     

血沉标本中人巨细胞病毒DNA的检出

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）和地高辛标记探针（ｄｉｇ－ｐｒｏｂｅ）检测临床血沉标本中人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）ＤＮＡ。结果表明,人群血标本中ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ携带率较高;ＰＣＲ技术较ｄｉｇ－ｐｒｏｂｅ更敏感、快速、简便,二者检出ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为８３．３％和６０．３％;ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ检出率、ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ检出率与血沉值高低之间无相关性。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.