miR-490-3p通过靶向调控TGFBR1抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖和侵袭

目的:以非小细胞肺癌A549细胞为模型,探讨miR-490-3p在肺癌发生发展过程中的作用及其调控机制。方法:通过miRBase数据库获得miR-490-3p序列,设计miR-490-3pmimics并转染A549细胞,CCK8、细胞划痕及Transwell实验分别检测miR-490-3p过表达对A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响;使用miRwalk在线工具预测miR-490-3p可能的调控基因,通过实时荧光定量PCR及Western印迹对候选调控基因进行筛选,最后通过双萤光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-490-3p与调控基因之间的靶向关系。结果:过表达miR-490-3p可显著抑制A549细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力;在预测的miR-490-3p候选靶基因中,选择与细胞增殖、迁移等表型相关的RASAL2、TGFBR1、PAPPA、HMGA2、TGFA靶基因进行实时荧光定量PCR及Western印迹筛选,结果仅TGFBR1基因在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达与miR-490-3p水平呈负相关,且双萤光素酶报告实验证实miR-490-3p可直接与TGFBR1的3'-UTR结合并抑制其表达。结论:miR-490-3p通过靶向调控TGFBR1的表达抑制非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的增殖和侵袭。     

miR-252-5p通过靶向调控保幼激素酸甲基转移酶基因JHAMT的表达而影响果蝇变态发育

【目的】保幼激素酸甲基转移酶(juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase, JHAMT)是保幼激素(juvenile hormone, JH)合成通路中的关键限速酶。本研究旨在筛选并验证靶向调控黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster JHAMT转录表达的miRNA,揭示miRNA在JH生物合成中的作用机理。【方法】首先通过miRanda, TargetScan和microT-CDS在线网站对靶向黑腹果蝇JHAMT的miRNA进行预测,取3个网站均能预测到的miRNA作为候选靶向JHAMT的miRNA;利用双荧光素酶系统对候选miRNA与JHAMT的靶向关系进行验证;qRT-PCR检测候选miRNA与JHAMT在黑腹果蝇生长发育中的表达模式;利用qRT-PCR和果蝇GAL4-UAS系统分别检测黑腹果蝇咽侧体中超表达miRNA对JHAMT的表达以及对黑腹果蝇变态发育的影响。【结果】 miRanda, TargetScan和microT-CDS分别预测到5, 18和16个靶向JHAMT的miRNA,共同预测到4个miRNA,分别是miR-252-5p, miR-277-3p, miR-1002-5p和miR-987-5p。双荧光素酶检测结果表明,miR-252-5p mimics可显著降低野生型JHAMT 3′UTR荧光素酶报告基因载体所表达的荧光素酶活性,而JHAMT 3′UTR区中miR-252-5p结合位点突变后,该抑制作用被解除。qRT-PCR检测结果表明,miR-252-5p与JHAMT在黑腹果蝇卵、幼虫及预蛹期的转录表达模式相反。咽侧体中超表达miR-252后,可显著降低JHAMT和JH初级反应基因Kr-h1的表达水平;且表现出类似JH缺失的表型,如化蛹时间推迟、体重变轻以及蛹期死亡增加。【结论】miR-252-5p可通过靶向作用于JHAMT参与JH生物合成调控,从而影响果蝇变态发育。     

靶向细胞外基质磷酸糖蛋白的microRNA的筛选及鉴定

目的:寻找靶向细胞外基质磷酸糖蛋白(MEPE)基因的微小RNA(miRNA),并检测其对人HeLa细胞内源性Mepe基因表达的影响。方法:通过NCBI检索人源Mepe的3’UTR,利用miRNA预测工具TargetScan预测可能靶向Mepe的所有miRNA,通过双萤光素酶报告基因系统检测miRNA与Mepe3’UTR的结合情况,从而初步筛选出可能靶向Mepe的miRNA;同时,用Western印迹检测miRNA经转染后对Mepe基因表达的影响。结果:利用TargetScan预测出36条可能靶向Mepe的miRNA,根据分值及匹配情况从中挑选出6条进行验证;与转染空载体pGL3-cm的相对荧光素值相比,转染miR-376a的相对荧光素值降低较为明显,而当Mepe3’UTR与miR-376a结合位点突变后,miR-376a不能抑制萤光素酶的活性;Western印迹结果显示miR-376a能明显抑制MEPE的表达。结论:miRNA-376a可能是靶向Mepe基因的miRNA,为进一步研究MEPE的功能奠定了基础。     

甲型流感病毒M1基因真核表达载体的构建及其表达

研究旨在构建含有甲型流感病毒M1基因的真核表达载体,并探讨其在真核细胞中的表达.提取流感病毒Influenza A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) RNA,RT-PCR扩增M1基因并将目的基因插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+).经酶切及PCR鉴定后用PolyFect脂质体将其转染到Vero细胞,免疫荧光技术鉴定其表达.甲型流感病毒M1蛋白重组质粒pcDNA3.1-M1的成功构建,为开发研制流感病毒保守蛋白DNA疫苗奠定了基础.     

miR-28-5p通过靶向MTSS1调控非小细胞肺癌细胞的恶性生物学行为

[目的]探讨miR-28-5p通过靶向MTSS1调控非小细胞肺癌细胞的恶性生物学行为。[方法]用双萤光素酶检测试剂分析荧光素酶活性,同时应用RT-PCR检测MRC5细胞和A549细胞中miR-28-5p和MTSS1 mRNA水平;用Lipofectamine法将miR-NC、miR-28-5p inhibitor和miR-28-5p mimic转染到A549细胞,培养48h后分别采用MTT法、流式细胞术和Transwell法检测细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移情况,同时蛋白印迹法法检测A549细胞中MTSS1、PI3K、AKT和Caspase-3表达。[结果] miR-28-5p与MTSS1有潜在的结合位点;转染miR-28-5p mimic可明显降低MTSS1-WT的荧光素酶活性,对MTSS1-MUT没有影响,而miR-28-5p inhibitor则表现出相反作用,表明miR-28-5p与MTSS1存在靶向调节作用;A549细胞中miR-28-5p mRNA的相对表达量高于MRC5细胞(P<0.05),A549细胞中MTSS1 mRNA的相对表达量低于MRC5细胞(P<0.05);通过miR-28-5p inhibitor降低miR-28-5p后,A549细胞凋亡、MTSS1、MTSS1、PI3K、AKT和Caspase-3的表达增加,细胞增殖和迁移降低(P<0.05);通过miR-28-5p mimic增加miR-28-5p后,A549细胞凋亡、MTSS1、MTSS1、PI3K、AKT和Caspase-3的表达降低,细胞增殖和迁移增加(P<0.05)。[结论] miR-28-5p在A549细胞中高表达,通过基因干预降低miR-28-5p表达后,miR-28-5p通过靶向MTSS1的3’端非编码区,提高MTSS1的翻译水平,抑制A549细胞的恶性生物学行为。     

miR-17-5p靶向自噬相关蛋白ATG7调控巨噬细胞抗结核分枝杆菌感染作用的研究

目的:通过研究miR-17-5p对自噬相关基因ATG7的靶向调控机制和对细胞自噬的作用,探究miR-17-5p在结核分枝杆菌介导的自噬途径中的作用及其机制。方法:生物信息学分析得到miR17-5p的靶基因ATG7,通过成功构建载体ATG7野生型(p Mir GLO-ATG7-3'UTR-WT)和突变型,利用双萤光素酶报告系统、Western blot验证miR-17-5p和ATG7的靶向关系,同时构建结核分枝杆菌(H37Ra)感染的人源性THP-1巨噬细胞模型,将做不同处理的细胞分为三组:miR-17-5p mimics、miR-17-5p inhibitor、miR-17-5p nc。通过实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测H37Ra感染对miR-17-5p表达量的影响,并且进一步通过Western blot、免疫荧光观察检测LC3蛋白的表达量和自噬小体的数量。结果:MTB感染能够引起miR-17-5p的下调,随着感染复数的增加有明显的降低。而生物信息学预测结果显示miR-17-5p与ATG7具有靶向性,双萤光素酶报告实验、Western blot验证miR-17-5p能够和ATG7靶向结合,并对其进行负调控。进一步通过Western blot、免疫荧光观察发现miR-17-5p mimics组LC3Ⅱ的表达下调,自噬小体表达降低,而miR-17-5p inhibitor组相反。其中对H37Ra感染组与未感染组之间比较,ATG7和LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达明显增强。结论:miR-17-5p直接靶向结合ATG7 3'UTR抑制自噬,在巨噬细胞抗MTB过程中发挥作用。     

miR-124-3p靶向TLR4抑制流感病毒性肺炎小鼠的炎症反应

目的:探讨miR-124-3p靶向Toll样受体4(TLR4)对流感病毒性肺炎小鼠炎症反应的影响。方法:建立流感病毒亚洲甲型鼠肺适应株(FM1)感染所致病毒性肺炎小鼠模型,采用RT-qPCR测定肺组织miRNA-124-3p表达水平。病毒性肺炎小鼠尾部注射miR-124-3p agomir或agomir NC后,第4 d摘眼球取血并取出肺组织,ELISA检测血浆中白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平,HE染色观察肺组织病理变化,Western印迹测定TLR4和核转录因子κB(NF-κB)p65蛋白水平。结果:与正常肺组织比较,病毒性肺炎小鼠肺组织miR-124-3p表达量降低(P0.001);miR-124-3p agomir注射组小鼠血浆中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α明显低于注射agomir NC组和模型组(P0.001),而高于正常组;HE染色结果表明miR-124-3p agomir注射组小鼠的肺组织炎细胞渗出和浸润较agomir NC组和模型组减轻;与agomir NC组比较,miR-124-3p agomir注射组的TLR4、NF-κB p65表达减少(P0.01)。结论:miR-124-3p抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路减轻流感病毒性肺炎小鼠的炎症反应。     

MiR-127-5p通过靶向调节adipoR1促进骨关节炎软骨细胞的增殖

脂联素（adiponection）与骨关节炎（osteoarthritis, OA）的发病密切相关,且主要通过其受体adipoR1发挥作用。而骨关节炎中脂联素的表达是否受miRNA表达的影响却未见报道。本文旨在研究miR-127-5p对骨关节炎软骨细胞中脂联素及细胞增殖的影响。分离培养人原代OA软骨细胞及对应正常细胞,甲苯胺蓝染色和II型胶原免疫细胞化学染色进行鉴定。 Real-time PCR结果表明,OA软骨细胞中miR-127-5p的表达与正常软骨细胞中的相比较显著下降。MiR-127-5p转染可显著降低荧光素酶报告基因的荧光强度（P<0.05）,表明adipoR1为miR-127-5p的靶向基因。MiR-127-5p mimic转染软骨细胞后,MTT法研究结果表明,miR-127-5p mimic 可显著促进软骨细胞增殖,Western 印迹结果表明,脂联素及其受体（adipoR1）表达显著上升,p65的表达以及p38、ERK1/2以及IkBα的磷酸化水平显著下降。ELISA结果表明,MMP-1、MMP-3、MMP-13的含量显著下降。实验结果提示,miR-127-5p通过靶向下调adipoR1及脂联素的表达,促进软骨细胞增殖,并且抑制NF-κB信号通路,进而抑制炎性反应。     

lncRNA BLACAT1通过抑制miR-374b-5p促进非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖和转移

目的:研究长链非编码RNA BLACAT1在非小细胞肺癌发生和转移过程中的作用机制。方法:starBase软件分析TCGA数据库中肺腺癌及肺鳞癌与癌旁组织之间BLACAT1表达差异;qRT-PCR检测人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549、HCC827、NCI-H1299、NCI-H23和正常肺上皮细胞BEAS-2B中BLACAT1的转录水平差异,筛选BLACAT1高表达非小细胞肺癌细胞系;CCK-8检测BLACAT1对非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖能力的影响;Transwell检测BLACAT1对非小细胞肺癌细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响;starBase软件预测BLACAT1作用的miRNA,采用qRT-PCR验证敲低BLACAT1对预测miRNA表达的影响,筛选与BLACAT1相互作用的miRNA,双萤光素酶报告基因实验验证结果;CCK-8检测BLACAT1/miR-374b-5p对非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖能力的影响;Transwell检测BLACAT1/miR-374b-5p对非小细胞肺癌细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响;Western印迹检测非小细胞肺癌细胞转移相关基因的蛋白表达水平。结果:肺腺癌及肺鳞癌组织中BLACAT1表达量显著高于癌旁组织;非小细胞肺癌细胞A549的BLACAT1表达量最高;敲低BLACAT1降低A549细胞活力、迁移和侵袭能力;BLACAT1作为海绵吸附miR-374b-5p;敲低BLACAT1增加miR-374b-5p的表达,抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。结论:BLACAT1通过抑制miR-374b-5p促进非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖和转移。     

调节猪TNF-α表达的miRNAs鉴定

肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)是脂肪细胞的分泌产物之一,在脂肪中行使着复杂的调节功能,为了研究猪脂肪组织中TNF-α的表达受到哪些miRNA的调控,从猪脂肪组织基因组中获得猪TNF-α3'端非翻译区(UTR)序列,与荧光素酶质粒PGL3-control连接构建猪TNF-α的萤光素酶表达质粒PGL3-TNF-α3'UTR。生物信息学预测miR-19a,miR-124,miR-130a,miR-301,miR-506等miRNAs均靶向猪TNF-α,将这些miRNA分别与PGL3-TNF-α3'UTR质粒共转到细胞中,以乱序序列作为阴性对照(NC),检测miRNA对质粒荧光素酶活性的作用。结果发现miR-19a,miR-124和miR-130a均能够显著抑制萤光素酶的活性(P0.01),为了验证这3个miRNA是否通过各自种子序列起调控作用,突变了PGL3-TNF-α3'UTR中这3个miRNA种子序列的结合位点,结果发现miRNAs对突变质粒中的荧光素酶均无明显抑制作用(P0.05)。结果证明,miR-19a,miR-124和miR-130a与猪TNF-α均有直接的靶向关系并通过各自种子序列抑制TNF-α的表达。     

LINE-1编码蛋白L1-ORF1的原核表达纯化和多克隆抗体制备

目的: 制备具有肿瘤组织特异性表达的L1-ORF1蛋白多克隆抗体并进行初步应用研究。方法:采取基因工程表达方法制备L1-ORF1蛋白,免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,间接ELISA检测抗体效价,Western blot和细胞免疫荧光方法检测抗体特异性,免疫检测验证其识别肿瘤细胞内L1-ORF1蛋白的特异性。结果:制备的抗L1-ORF1蛋白多克隆抗体具有很高的敏感性与特异性,免疫学检测表明该抗体不仅能检测出正常细胞中瞬时表达的L1-ORF1蛋白,而且可检测出肿瘤细胞中天然表达的L1-ORF1蛋白。结论:制备的多克隆抗体具有较高的敏感性与特异性,为以后该抗体的进一步应用奠定了基础。     

Antagonism between Cry1Ac1 and Cyt1A1 Toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis

Most strains of the insecticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis have a combination of different protoxins in their parasporal crystals. Some of the combinations clearly interact synergistically, like the toxins present in B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. In this paper we describe a novel joint activity of toxins from different strains of B. thuringiensis. In vitro bioassays in which we used pure, trypsin-activated Cry1Ac1 proteins from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Cyt1A1 from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, and Trichoplusia ni BTI-Tn5B1-4 cells revealed contrasting susceptibility characteristics. The 50% lethal concentrations (LC₅₀s) were estimated to be 4,967 of Cry1Ac1 per ml of medium and 11.69 ng of Cyt1A1 per ml of medium. When mixtures of these toxins in different proportions were assayed, eight different LC₅₀s were obtained. All of these LC₅₀s were significantly higher than the expected LC₅₀s of the mixtures. In addition, a series of bioassays were performed with late first-instar larvae of the cabbage looper and pure Cry1Ac1 and Cyt1A1 crystals, as well as two different combinations of the two toxins. The estimated mean LC₅₀ of Cry1Ac1 was 2.46 ng/cm² of diet, while Cyt1A1 crystals exhibited no toxicity, even at very high concentrations. The estimated mean LC₅₀s of Cry1Ac1 crystals were 15.69 and 19.05 ng per cm² of diet when these crystals were mixed with 100 and 1,000 ng of Cyt1A1 crystals per cm² of diet, respectively. These results indicate that there is clear antagonism between the two toxins both in vitro and in vivo. Other joint-action analyses corroborated these results. Although this is the second report of antagonism between B. thuringiensis toxins, our evidence is the first evidence of antagonism between toxins from different subspecies of B. thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) detected both in vivo and in vitro. Some possible explanations for this relationship are discussed.     

Regulation of PCTAIRE1 protein stability by AKT1, LKB1 and BRCA1

PCTAIRE1, also known as CDK16, is a cyclin-dependent kinase that is regulated by cyclin Y. It is a member of the serine-threonine family of kinases and its functions have primarily been implicated in cellular processes like vesicular transport, neuronal growth and development, myogenesis, spermatogenesis and cell proliferation. However, as extensive studies on PCTAIRE1 have not yet been conducted, the signaling pathways for this kinase involved in governing many cellular processes are yet to be elucidated in detail. Here, we report the association of PCTAIRE1 with important cellular proteins involved in major cell signaling pathways, especially cell proliferation. In particular, here we show that PCTAIRE1 interacts with AKT1, a key player of the PI3K signaling pathway that is responsible for promoting cell survival and proliferation. Our studies show that PCTAIRE1 is a substrate of AKT1 that gets stabilized by it. Further, we show that PCTAIRE1 also interacts with and is degraded by LKB1, a kinase that is known to suppress cellular proliferation and also regulate cellular energy metabolism. Moreover, our results show that PCTAIRE1 is also degraded by BRCA1, a well-known tumor suppressor. Together, our studies highlight the regulation of PCTAIRE1 by key players of the major cell signaling pathways involved in regulating cell proliferation, and therefore, provide crucial links that could be explored further to elucidate the mechanistic role of PCTAIRE1 in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.     

Role of the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 signal in Daxx trafficking and ASK1 oligomerization

Overexpression of JNK binding domain inhibited glucose deprivation-induced JNK1 activation, relocalization of Daxx from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) oligomerization in human prostate adenocarcinoma DU-145 cells. However, SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, did not prevent relocalization of Daxx and oligomerization of ASK1 during glucose deprivation. Studies from in vivo labeling and immune complex kinase assay demonstrated that phosphorylation of Daxx occurred during glucose deprivation, and its phosphorylation was mediated through the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 signal transduction pathway. Data from immunofluorescence staining and protein interaction assay suggest that phosphorylated Daxx may be translocated to the cytoplasm, bind to ASK1, and subsequently lead to ASK1 oligomerization. Mutation of Daxx Ser667 to Ala results in suppression of Daxx relocalization during glucose deprivation, suggesting that Ser667 residue plays an important role in the relocalization of Daxx. Unlike wild-type Daxx, a Daxx deletion mutant (amino acids 501-625) mainly localized to the cytoplasm, where it associated with ASK1, activated JNK1, and induced ASK1 oligomerization without glucose deprivation. Taken together, these results show that glucose deprivation activates the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 pathway, and the activated HIPK1 is probably involved in the relocalization of Daxx from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The relocalized Daxx may play an important role in glucose deprivation-induced ASK1 oligomerization.     

Antagonism between Cry1Ac1 and Cyt1A1 toxins of bacillus thuringiensis

Most strains of the insecticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis have a combination of different protoxins in their parasporal crystals. Some of the combinations clearly interact synergistically, like the toxins present in B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. In this paper we describe a novel joint activity of toxins from different strains of B. thuringiensis. In vitro bioassays in which we used pure, trypsin-activated Cry1Ac1 proteins from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Cyt1A1 from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, and Trichoplusia ni BTI-Tn5B1-4 cells revealed contrasting susceptibility characteristics. The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50s) were estimated to be 4,967 of Cry1Ac1 per ml of medium and 11.69 ng of Cyt1A1 per ml of medium. When mixtures of these toxins in different proportions were assayed, eight different LC50s were obtained. All of these LC50s were significantly higher than the expected LC50s of the mixtures. In addition, a series of bioassays were performed with late first-instar larvae of the cabbage looper and pure Cry1Ac1 and Cyt1A1 crystals, as well as two different combinations of the two toxins. The estimated mean LC50 of Cry1Ac1 was 2.46 ng/cm2 of diet, while Cyt1A1 crystals exhibited no toxicity, even at very high concentrations. The estimated mean LC50s of Cry1Ac1 crystals were 15.69 and 19.05 ng per cm2 of diet when these crystals were mixed with 100 and 1,000 ng of Cyt1A1 crystals per cm2 of diet, respectively. These results indicate that there is clear antagonism between the two toxins both in vitro and in vivo. Other joint-action analyses corroborated these results. Although this is the second report of antagonism between B. thuringiensis toxins, our evidence is the first evidence of antagonism between toxins from different subspecies of B. thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) detected both in vivo and in vitro. Some possible explanations for this relationship are discussed.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyl-1H-benzimidazoles as galectin-1 mediated anticancer agents

In our pursuit to develop novel non-carbohydrate small molecule Galectin-1 Inhibitors, we have designed a series of 1-benzyl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives and demonstrated their anticancer activity. The compound 6g, 4-(1-benzyl-5-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) benzamide was found to be most potent with an IC₅₀ of 7.01 ± 0.20 µM and arresting MCF-7 cell growth at G2/M phase and S phase. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by morphological changes like cell shrinkage, blebbing and cell wall deformation, dose dependent increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ROS levels. Further, dose dependent decrease in Gal-1 protein levels proves Gal-1 mediated apoptosis by 6g. Molecular docking studies were performed to understand the Gal-1 interaction with compound 6g. In addition, RP-HPLC studies showed 85.44% of 6g binding to Gal-1. Binding affinity studies by fluorescence spectroscopy and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) showed that 6g binds to Gal-1 with binding constant (K_a) of 1.2 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ and equilibrium constant K_D value of 5.76 × 10⁻⁴ M respectively.     

Isolation and Characterization of Ubiquitin-activating Enzyme E1-domain Containing 1, UBE1DC1

Ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like proteins play important roles in post-translational modification. They are phylogenetically well-conserved in eukaryotes. Activated by other proteins, ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins can covalently modify target proteins. The enzymes responsible for the activation of this modification have been known to include UBA1, SAE2, UBA3, SAE1 and ULA1. Here we report a new ubiquitin activating enzyme like cDNA, named ubiquitin activating enzyme E1-domain containing 1 (UBE1DC1), whose cDNA is 2654 base pairs in length and contains an open reading frame encoding 404 amino acids. The UBE1DC1 gene consists of 12 exons and is located at human chromosome 3q22. The result of RT-PCR showed that UBE1DC1 is expressed in most of human tissues. These two authors contributed equally to this paper. The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been submitted to GenBank under accession number AY253672.