miR-17-5p靶向信号调节基因SIRPα调控巨噬细胞抗结核分枝杆菌的炎症反应

[目的]验证miR-17-5p对TLRs负向调控因子SIRPα的靶向性,探讨其对抗结核分枝杆菌(MTB)炎症反应的调控作用。[方法]利用生物信息学预测miR-17-5p对SIRPα的靶向性,构建SIRPα野生型和突变型报告载体,利用双荧光素酶报告法、Western Blot、激光共聚焦等技术验证miR-17-5p对SIRPα的靶向性;通过H37Ra感染THP-1巨噬细胞,用miR-17-5p mimics及其inhibitor处理细胞。利用Q-PCR检测H37Ra感染后miR-17-5p的表达;通过免疫荧光、Western Blot和ELISA等技术检测SIRPα和细胞因子TNF-α的表达情况。[结果]H37Ra感染可下调miR-17-5p表达,且随感染复数的增加,下调表达愈加显著;荧光素酶报告法、Western Blot等结果证实miR-17-5p可靶向结合SIRPα3’-UTR,下调SIRPα的表达,进而上调细胞因子TNF-α的表达。[结论]MTB可下调miR-17-5p表达,而miR-17-5p可靶向抑制SIRPα的表达,从而调控巨噬细胞抗MTB的炎症反应。     

lncRNA XIST-miR137-ATG5调节细胞自噬功能在肠癌细胞5-氟胞嘧啶耐药性中的作用

摘要 目的：本文旨在研究长链非编码RNA XIST-miR137-ATG5的相互作用,同时探讨其调节细胞自噬功能与肠癌细胞5-氟胞嘧啶敏感性的关系。方法：实时聚合酶链反应(real time PCR)检测XIST与miR-137在肠癌细胞中的表达;采用脂质体转染法将si-XIST,miR-137转染入肠癌SW480及HCT116细胞中。采用CCK-8检测瞬时转染si-XIST对肠癌细胞增殖及5-FU敏感性的影响;并利用双荧光素酶报告实验检测miR-137与XIST, miR-137与ATG5相互关系。Western blot方法检测XIST- miR137- ATG5对细胞自噬的影响。结果：与正常结肠细胞FHC比较, XIST在结肠癌细胞系明显高表达,miR-137在结肠癌细胞系明显低表达。与阴性对照组比较,转染si-XIST后,SW480及HCT116细胞增殖能力明显受到抑制,对F-5U的敏感性增强,且抑制自噬蛋白Beclin-1及LC3II/LC3 I的表达。miR-137可与XIST,ATG5 3''UTR结合,抑制XIST和ATG5的表达及功能。在结肠癌SW480细胞中共转染miR-137 inhibitor或过表达ATG5可逆转XIST沉默引起的5-FU耐药,同时可逆转因XIST沉默引起的自噬蛋白表达的抑制。结论：LncRNA XIST或可通过调控mir137-ATG促进结直肠癌细胞SW480自噬从而提高其对5-FU的耐药,针对其这一机制,可为将来针对结肠癌的靶向治疗提供一定的实验基础。     

MiR-21靶向调控Mfn2对缺血再灌注损伤肾小管上皮NRK-52E细胞自噬及凋亡的影响

摘要 目的：探讨miR-21对缺血再灌注损伤肾小管上皮细胞自噬及凋亡的影响及其与线粒体融合素2（mitochondria fusion protein mitofusin2,Mfn2）的靶向关系。方法：将大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞株NRK-52E细胞按处理方式不同分组：I/R+control mimics组（转染control mimics后缺氧3 h/复氧3 h）,I/R+miR-21mimics组（转染miR-21mimics后缺氧3 h/复氧3 h）,I/R组（缺氧3 h/复氧3 h）及对照组（正常培养）。选取30只Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠,随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注模型组(I/R组)。取大鼠肾组织进行HE染色,自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法（MTT）检测细胞增殖能力,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞自噬和凋亡相关基因LC3-Ⅱ、LC3-Ⅰ、Beclin1、Bcl-2、Bax及Mfn2 mRNA表达,Western blot法检测细胞自噬和凋亡相关蛋白的表达,荧光素酶实验验证miR-21与Mfn2的靶向关系。结果：Sham组大鼠血清BUN、Cr水平,大鼠肾组织细胞凋亡率高于I/R组（P<0.05）。I/R组大鼠肾组织肾小管结构紊乱,大量炎症细胞浸润。Sham组大鼠肾组织miR-21水平高于I/R组（P<0.05）。48 和 72 h 时,I/R+miR-21 mimics组细胞活力明显低于I/R+control mimics组,I/R组及对照组（P<0.05）,I/R组细胞活力低于对照组（P<0.05）。I/R+miR-21mimics组凋亡率显著高于I/R+control mimics组,I/R组及对照组（P<0.05）,I/R组凋亡率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,I/R组细胞Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、Bax蛋白及基因mRNA表达量升高,Bcl-2蛋白及基因mRNA表达量降低（P<0.05）;与I/R组比较,I/R+miR-21mimics组细胞Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、Bax蛋白及基因mRNA表达量升高,Bcl-2蛋白及基因mRNA表达量降低（P<0.05）。miR-21与Mfn2具有靶向关系。结论：miR-21可靶向Mfn2促进肾缺血再灌注损伤引起的凋亡及自噬。     

结核分枝杆菌ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白对小鼠巨噬细胞自噬功能的影响

目的研究结核分枝杆菌（MTB）ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白对小鼠巨噬细胞自噬功能的影响。方法H37Rv菌株感染小鼠巨噬细胞后加入纯化的重组ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白,通过透射电镜检测自噬体的形成。提取细胞总RNA和蛋白,以实时定量RT-PCR及Western blot方法检测自噬相关基因（atg）分子水平和蛋白表达水平。结果ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白可抑制小鼠巨噬细胞自噬体的形成,并导致atg分子表达水平下降,其中atg8表达量下降最为明显。结论MTB ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白通过调控atg分子表达水平影响小鼠巨噬细胞自噬功能。     

miR-93-5p通过靶向CDKN1A促进多囊卵巢综合征颗粒样瘤细胞KGN的生长增殖

目的:验证CDKN1A是miR-93-5p直接调控的靶基因,阐明miR-93-5p可通过靶向CDKN1A促进人卵巢颗粒样肿瘤细胞系KGN的生长增殖。方法:选取我院2016年6月-2019年6月期间确诊的40例多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者作为研究对象,q RT-PCR检测PCOS病变卵巢组织和病灶旁正常卵巢组织(对照)中miR-93-5p和CDKN1A的表达水平。TargetScan软件用以预测miR-93-5p靶基因,并使CDKN1A所含3’-UTR克隆至目的基因下游(CDKN1A-wt或CDKN1A-mut),并分别与miR-93-5p模拟物(miR-93-5p mimics)以及其无关对照寡核苷酸序列(scramble)共转染,荧光素酶报告基因实验验证所预测的靶基因,q RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测转染miR-93-5p mimics及其对照scramble-1、miR-93-5p抑制剂(miR-93-5p inhibitor)及其对照scramble-2后的m RNA和蛋白表达水平。MTT实验验证分别转染miR-93-5p mimics、scramble、CDKN1A质粒(pcDNA3.1-CDKN1A)、空载体vector(pcDNA3.1)、miR-93-5p+CDKN1A质粒、scramble+vector质粒到KGN细胞中后细胞的生长增殖活性。结果:miR-93-5p在PCOS病变卵巢组织中的表达水平显著高于正常卵巢组织,CDKN1A在PCOS患者卵巢组织中的表达水平显著低于正常卵巢组织(均P<0.05)。在共转染miR-93-5p mimics和CDKN1A-wt、scramble和CDKN1A-wt的两组中,与共转染scramble和CDKN1A-wt组相比,共转染miR-93-5p和CDKN1A-wt组的荧光素酶活性强度降低了约40.9%(P<0.05)。转染miR-93-5p mimics后,CDKN1A的m RNA和蛋白表达水平均显著下调(P<0.05);转染miR-93-5p inhibitor后,CDKN1A的m RNA和蛋白表达水平均显著上调(P<0.05)。在细胞增殖实验中,转染miR-93-5p mimics后,KGN细胞的生长速度显著高于scramble组(P<0.05);与vector组比,转染CDKN1A可显著抑制KGN细胞的生长(P<0.05);同时转染miR-93-5p mimics和CDKN1A后,miR-93-5p对细胞增殖的促进作用降低(P<0.05)。结论:miR-93-5p通过靶向调控CDKN1A表达而促进人卵巢颗粒样肿瘤细胞系KGN的生长增殖。     

肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞自噬体与结核分枝杆菌相互作用的研究

目的:检测LC3在肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞A549上的表达情况,及结核分枝杆菌刺激后对其表达的影响,探讨自噬在结核分枝杆菌感染上皮细胞中所起的作用。方法:体外培养肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞A549,在结核分枝杆菌感染A549细胞0h,24h分别提取RNA,采用RT-PCR的方法检测LC3mRNA的表达情况。采用凋亡坏死染色试剂盒在结核分枝杆菌感染24h后检测对照组,3-MA组,MTB组和3-MA+MTB组的细胞坏死情况。在结核分枝杆菌感染A549细胞4h,8h,16,24h采用Non-Radioactive Cytocity Assay的方法检测对照组,3-MA组,MTB组和3-MA+MTB组上清液LDH的OD值。结果:LC3在肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞显著表达,结核分枝杆菌感染后LC3表达降低。细胞凋亡和坏死染色结果显示空白组和3-MA组没有明显差异(P>0.05),MTB组和3-MA+MTB组有明显差异(P<0.05)。LDH检测显示MTB组和3-MA+MTB组上清液LDH的OD值数据两两之间有明显差异(P<0.05)并且有时间依赖性。结论:肺泡II型上皮细胞自噬体在抵抗结核分枝杆菌的感染过程中起一定的作用。     

miR-1271-5p靶向PDK1促进胃癌细胞凋亡

目的 探讨miR-1271-5p在胃癌的作用和可能的作用机制。方法 RT-qPCR和原位杂交法检测胃癌组织和胃癌细胞株中miR-1271-5p的表达。Lipofectamine 2000转染miR-1271-5p mimics后,噻唑蓝（MTT）法和台盼蓝染色法检测SGC-790细胞的活性,Annexin V/PI染色检测细胞凋亡,JC-1探针检测线粒体膜电位,Western blot检测PDK1/Akt/凋亡信号相关蛋白的表达。荧光素酶法以及功能修复实验评估miR-1271-5p与PDK1的靶向关系。结果 胃癌组织和细胞中miR-1271-5p的表达降低。转染miR-1271-5p mimics后,SGC-790细胞的存活率下降,凋亡率上升,线粒体膜电位以及Bcl-2和p-AKT表达降低,Bax和Cleaved caspase-3表达增高。PDK1为miR-1271-5p的靶基因,过表达PDK1能逆转miR-1271-5p对胃癌细胞的促凋亡作用。结论 过表达miR-1271-5p可促进胃癌细胞凋亡,其机制可能与其靶向PDK1进而抑制AKT信号活性有关。     

miR-34a在幼鼠海马神经元细胞增殖和凋亡中的作用

目的:探讨miR-34a在幼鼠海马神经元细胞增殖凋亡中的作用。方法:分离幼鼠海马神经元细胞,转染miR-34a抑制剂(miR-34a inhibitor)、抑制剂对照(inhibitor control)、miR-34a模拟物(miR-34a mimics)、模拟物对照(mimics control),RT-PCR检测细胞中miR-34a表达水平。MTT检测转染后细胞增殖情况。流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。Western blot检测细胞中Cleaved-caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax的表达水平。结果:转染miR-34a inhibitor可以抑制miR-34a的表达,miR-34a mimics可以促进miR-34a的表达。miR-34a mimics对细胞增殖抑制率明显高于mimics control组(P0.05),miR-34a inhibitor组抑制率明显低于inhibitor control组(P0.05)。miR-34a inhibitor组神经元细胞凋亡率明显低于inhibitor control组(P0.05),miR-34a mimics组神经元细胞凋亡率明显高于mimics control组(P0.01),inhibitor control组和mimics control组神经元细胞凋亡率差异不显著(P0.05)。miR-34a inhibitor组Cleaved-caspase-3、Bax蛋白表达量低于inhibitor control组,差异显著(P0.05);miR-34a inhibitor组Bcl-2蛋白表达量高于inhibitor control组,差异显著(P0.05);miR-34a mimics组Cleaved-caspase-3、Bax蛋白表达量高于mimics control,差异显著(P0.05);miR-34a mimics组Bcl-2蛋白表达量低于mimics control,差异显著(P0.05)。结论:miR-34a抑制海马神经元细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与调控Cleaved-caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax表达有关。     

上调miR-216a-5p通过靶向双特异性磷酸酶10抑制胃癌细胞自噬并增强放射敏感性

摘要 目的：探究miR-216a-5p对胃癌细胞自噬和放射敏感性的调控机制及其对双特异性磷酸酶10（DUSP10）的调控作用。方法：采用直线加速器6-MV X射线照射SGC-7901细胞,剂量率为0.8Gy/min,总剂量为8Gy。用Lipofectamine 2000试剂将miR-216a-5p mimic、NC mimic、pcDNA DUSP10或pcDNA NC转染到SGC-7901细胞中。转染后,将细胞分为miR-216a-5p mimic组和NC mimic组,每组又分为0Gy和8Gy两个亚组。在拯救实验中,将细胞分为miR-216a-5p mimic+pcDNA DUSP10组和miR-216a-5p mimic+pcDNA NC组。通过qRT-PCR检测miR-216a-5p和DUSP10 mRNA水平。通过5-乙炔基-2''-脱氧尿苷（EdU）掺入实验和集落形成测定检测细胞增殖。通过流式细胞仪评估细胞凋亡。通过Western blot检测DUSP10、Bax、Bad、Bcl-2、LC3和p62的蛋白表达。通过免疫荧光法检测γH2AX的表达,用于评估细胞中的DNA双链断裂（DSB）。通过荧光素酶报告基因检测miR-216a-5p和DUSP10的靶向关系。通过GFP-mRFP-LC3检测自噬体。结果：与8Gy NC-mimic组相比,8Gy miR-216a-5p-mimic组的集落数量、EdU阳性率和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平降低,而γH2AX阳性率、细胞凋亡率和Bax和Bad蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.01）。与8Gy NC-mimic组相比,8Gy miR-216a-5p-mimic组的自噬体数量和LC3II蛋白表达水平降低,而p62蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.001）。与miR-216a-5p-mimic共培养后,与DUSP10-3''-UTR-MUT组相比,DUSP10-3''-UTR-WT的相对荧光素酶活性显著降低（P<0.001）。与NC-mimic组相比,miR-216a-5p-mimic组的DUSP10 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均降低（P<0.001）。与miR-216a-5p mimic+pcDNA NC组相比,miR-216a-5p mimic+pcDNA DUSP10组的集落数量和自噬体数量升高,而细胞凋亡率降低（P<0.001）。结论：miR-216a-5p通过抑制DUSP10来抑制细胞增殖、增加放射诱导的细胞凋亡并抑制放射诱导的自噬,从而增强胃癌细胞的放射敏感性。     

miR-769-3p 对甲型 H1N1流感病毒核蛋白表达的调控

目的:预测靶向甲型流感病毒核蛋白(NP)基的微小 RNA(miRNA),并检测其对 NP 表达的影响.方法:从miRBase 数据库中获取人成熟 miRNA 序列,利用 miRanda 软件预测潜在靶向流感病毒 A/FM/1/47(H1N1) NP 基的人 miRNA;通过双萤光素酶报告基系统及 Western 印迹验证所预测的 miRNA 对 NP 表达的影响.结果:用 miRanda软件在流感病毒 A/FM/1/47(H1N1) NP 基上预测得到分值及最小结合自由能均较好的 miR-769-3p;双萤光素酶报告基结果显示 miR-769-3p 能显著降低报告基载体萤光素酶的表达;Western 印迹结果显示 miR-769-3p 能明显抑制 NP 的表达,但突变 NP 基上的 miR-769-3p 结合位点后,miR-769-3p 不能抑制 NP 的表达.结论:miR-769-3p 可靶向流感病毒 A/FM/1/47(H1N1) NP 基并抑制 NP 的表达,为抗甲型流感病毒的 miRNA 药物研发提供了据和潜在药物靶标.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.