219份枣种质资源果实三萜酸含量分析

以219份枣种质脆熟期果实为试材,采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法检测不同枣种质果实中的山楂酸、桦木酸、齐墩果酸和熊果酸4种三萜酸组分含量,并进行描述统计分析、相关性分析和聚类分析,进而筛选三萜酸含量较高的优特异种质。结果表明:(1)枣果中总三萜酸(TTA)含量的变化范围95.72~737.82μg·g^-1,平均值306.83μg·g^-1,变异系数为29.02%,含量最高的为‘大荔小圆枣’。4种组分以山楂酸含量最高,其次为桦木酸,齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量较低,各组分在不同枣种质中都存在丰富的遗传多样性,其中熊果酸变异系数最高(60.75%)。(2)正态性检验结果表明,各种质的山楂酸、桦木酸和总三萜酸含量服从正态分布,齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量不服从正态分布。(3)相关性分析结果显示,总三萜酸含量与4个组分均呈极显著正相关关系,组分间也存在相关性,山楂酸含量与桦木酸呈极显著正相关关系,桦木酸含量与齐墩果酸呈极显著正相关关系,齐墩果酸含量与熊果酸呈极显著正相关关系。(4)聚类分析将219份枣种质划分为4大类群,分别为熊果酸含量最高的类群,齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量较高类群,各组分中低含量类群以及山楂酸、桦木酸和总三萜酸含量较高类群。(5)筛选出13份各组分或总三萜酸含量较高的优特异种质,为枣三萜酸相关功能产品的开发提供原料选择。     

苏州西山岛产枇杷叶的药材品质分析

枇杷叶为枇杷〔Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl.〕的干燥叶片,为常用中药材之一[1]。目前已从枇杷叶中分离得到三萜酸类、黄酮类及多酚类等多种有效成分[2-3],其中,三萜酸类是枇杷叶的主要药效物质,具有抗炎、降血糖和抗病毒等活性,主要包括齐墩果酸、熊果酸、蔷薇酸和科罗索酸等成分[4],目前已将齐墩果酸和熊果酸作为枇杷叶质量检测标准[1]。大量的分析结果[5-8]表明:不同产地、不同季节、落叶与生长叶和     

HPLC-DAD法测定血满草中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量(英文)

建立了HPLC-DAD法测定血满草中熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量,并进行方法学考察。采用HPLC-DAD进行分析,fusion-RP C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,4μm),甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液(90∶10)为流动相,检测波长210 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min。同时采用微波辅助提取、回流提取、索氏提取、冷浸提取、超声提取五种方法对血满草中熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量进行测定并比较不同方法所得结果的差异,还比较了血满草不同部位中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量差异。测定结果表明熊果酸进样量在3.6～8.4μg范围内,齐墩果酸进样量在3.2～16μg范围内,呈良好线性关系。血满草中熊果酸和齐墩果酸平均回收率分别为98.3%和101.4%(n=5),相对标准偏差分别为1.13%和0.72%(n=5)。五种方法比较得出索氏提取得熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量最高;血满草花中熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量最高,而根中含量最低。该方法使血满草中熊果酸和齐墩果酸达到基线分离,操作简便,结果稳定可靠。     

枇杷种质花中黄酮含量分析与评价

黄酮是枇杷花主要功效成分之一,具有显著的消炎止咳作用。本试验从国家果树种质福州枇杷圃中筛选国内外代表性枇杷种质55份,分析评价了其花中黄酮含量的差异及分级指标。研究结果显示,不同枇杷种质之间黄酮含量差异明显,分布范围为0.44%~2.28%,最高的卓南1号是最低者香钟25号的5.18倍;来源于福建的枇杷种质与浙江的存在极显著差异(P0.01),与贵州、广西的存在显著差异(P0.05);初步筛选出超高黄酮含量枇杷优异种质1份,初步建立了枇杷花黄酮分级指标,为今后枇杷花研究和利用奠定基础。     

不同光强和光质对白桦幼树体内三萜积累的影响

来源于白桦树皮中的五环三萜类次生代谢产物白桦酯醇和齐墩果酸,具有广泛的药理学活性,是具开发潜力的抗癌和抗艾滋病毒类天然物质。本研究以白桦幼树为研究试材,通过不同光质和光强处理,检测白桦树各部位白桦酯醇和齐墩果酸含量变化。结果表明,与对照(白光)相比,红、黄、蓝、绿4种光质处理均降低白桦茎外皮中这两种三萜物质的积累;绿光处理下可显著提高叶片中齐墩果酸含量,而蓝光处理下可显著提高叶片中白桦酯醇含量,两种物质分别为对照的13.28倍和1.959倍。生长季节内,茎皮中齐墩果酸和白桦酯醇含量以八月份最高,极显著高于其它月份,且以遮光处理(50%自然光)的效果较佳,齐墩果酸和白桦酯醇含量比正常光处理分别提高30.50%和45.09%。白桦植株中白桦酯醇和齐墩果酸含量的变化显著受到季节的调控。该研究为白桦树中三萜物质高效积累的栽培技术建立和代谢调控研究奠定了基础。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定鹿衔草中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量

建立反相高效液相色谱法测定鹿衔草中熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量,并进行方法学考察.采用Kromasil C18分析柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相为甲醇-水(88:12);柱温25 ℃;流速0.8 mL/min;检测波长210 nm.熊果酸进样量在0.922～18.44 μg,齐墩果酸进样量在0.506～10.12 μg范围内呈良好线性关系,其中熊果酸平均回收率为98.5%,RSD为2.13%(n=6);齐墩果酸平均回收率为 101.3%,RSD为1.69%(n=6).本方法使鹿衔草中主要成分熊果酸和齐墩果酸达到基线分离,操作简便、结果可靠,可为鹿衔草质量控制和评价提供有效手段.     

适合于悬浮培养的枇杷愈伤组织诱导及状态调控

以枇杷不同品种和不同器官为外植体,通过对愈伤组织诱导率、诱导状态、熊果酸（UA）和齐墩果酸（OA）含量的综合考虑,筛选适合于悬浮培养的枇杷愈伤组织,并通过调整2,4-D、6-BA浓度,同时加入酸水解酪蛋白（CH）、谷氨酰胺（Gln）、KCl等物质对花丝愈伤组织状态进行调控。结果表明：枇杷‘早钟6号’幼胚诱导的愈伤组织最适用于枇杷悬浮培养,愈伤诱导率为83.70%,愈伤组织嫩黄、疏松、颗粒明显,UA、OA含量分别为6.90、2.34 mg/g dw。在MS中附加2,4-D 6.0 mg/L、6-BA 0.8 mg/L、CH 200 mg/L、KCl 500 mg/L,花丝诱导的坚硬愈伤出现细软、嫩黄的愈伤组织,但多次继代后水渍化,状态不佳。     

RP-HPLC法测定枇杷叶中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量

目的:建立枇杷叶中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量测定方法.方法:采用RP-HPLC法测定,色谱柱为ZorbaxODS柱,用甲醇-1%醋酸水溶液(88:12)为流动相,检测波长为215 nm.结果:熊果酸和齐墩果酸的平均回收率分别为98.1%,97.3%(n=3),RSD分别为1.78%,1.93%(n=3).结论:本法准确、灵敏、快速,可作为枇杷叶药材及其制剂的质量控制方法之一.     

不同诱导子对枇杷悬浮细胞生长及熊果酸、齐墩果酸含量的影响

在已建立的稳定枇杷细胞悬浮培养系的试验中,研究加入诱导子水杨酸（SA）、茉莉酸甲酯（MJ）、水解酪蛋白（CH）和酵母提取物（YE）对枇杷悬浮细胞生长及次生代谢产物熊果酸（UA）、齐墩果酸（OA）含量的影响。结果表明,从细胞生长、UA及OA含量三方面综合考虑,以MJ为100.0 mg.L^-1时培养最佳,此时细胞生长、UA及OA含量分别为对照的1.081、2.540及2.590倍。     

枇杷花主要有效成分的含量

采用紫外分光光度法及高效液相色谱法,研究不同产地不同年份的枇杷花总黄酮和三萜化合物的差异,以确定其含量较高的产地及年际变化情况。结果表明:同一年份不同产地枇杷花中总黄酮和三萜化合物含量有显著差异,龙泉、仁寿、攀枝花及莆田总黄酮含量显著高于其它产地(P<0.01),齐墩果酸以龙泉、仁寿、浦江和莆田四地较高,并显著高于遂宁和内江等地(P<0.05或P≤0.01),熊果酸含量最高的产地为浙江余杭,其含量显著高于遂宁、攀枝花、壁山等地(P<0.01)。同一产地不同年份样品中总黄酮和三萜化合物含量变化较小。与地理、气候因子进行相关性分析,表明齐墩果酸与纬度、经度有一定相关性,而其它成分的相关性不大。     

水分胁迫条件下枇杷若干生理指标的变化

随着水分胁迫程度的加强,枇杷叶片脯氨酸含量增加,可溶性蛋白质含量下降。轻度及中度水分胁迫均使枇杷叶片各细胞器H⁺-ATPase活性增强;严重水分胁迫时,细胞胞质H⁺-ATPase活性急剧下降到对照以下水平,而线粒体及叶绿体的H⁺-ATPase活性仍保持高于对照的水平。同一程度的水分胁迫条件下,长红3号叶片可溶性蛋白质含量降幅小于解放钟,而线粒体和叶绿体H⁺-ATPase活性增幅则大于解放钟,说明长红3号抵御干旱的能力比解放钟强。     

Study of the oleanolic and ursolic acid contents of some species of the Lamiaceae

The oleanolic and ursolic acid contents from 88 taxa of Lamiaceae (19 genera, 66 species, 8 subspecies, 9 varieties and 5 hybrids) were investigated using gas chromatography. Both triterpenoid acids were present in all of the investigated taxa, but the plants belonging in the subfamily Nepetoideae produced significantly higher amounts than those in the subfamily Lamioideae. The oleanolic acid content ranged from traces to 1.840% dry weight, and that of ursolic acid from traces to 4.019% dry weight.     

Ursolic acid derivatives from Bangladeshi medicinal plant, Saurauja roxburghii: Isolation and cytotoxic activity against A431 and C6 glioma cell lines

Ursene-type pentacyclic triterpenes, including the ursolic acid, corosolic acid, and a new ursene-type pentacyclic triterpene, 7,24-dihydroxy ursolic acid, were isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of the Bangladeshi medicinal plant, Saurauja roxburghii, a higher plant indigenous to South East Asia and some part of North America. They were tested for the cytotoxicity against C6 rat glioma and A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell lines. Although they have the same ursene-type pentacyclic triterpene core structure, the position and numbers of hydroxyl groups on the terpene structure significantly affected the activity and the selectivity to the cell lines.     

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibiting constituents from Eriobotrya japonica revealed by bioactivity-guided isolation and computational approaches

The inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1), which catalyzes the conversion of inactive 11-ketoglucocorticoids to active 11β-hydroxyglucocorticoids, emerged as promising strategy to treat symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study the leaves of the anti-diabetic medicinal plant loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) were phytochemically investigated following hints from a pharmacophore-based virtual screening and a bioactivity-guided approach. Determination of the 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 inhibitory activities in cell lysates revealed triterpenes from the ursane type as selective, low micro-molar inhibitors of 11β-HSD1, that is, corosolic acid (1), 3-epicorosolic acid methyl ester (4), 2-α hydroxy-3-oxo urs-12-en-28-oic acid (6), tormentic acid methyl ester (8), and ursolic acid (9). Importantly, a mixture of loquat constituents with moderate activities displayed a pronounced additive effect. By means of molecular modeling studies and the identification of the 11β-HSD1-inhibiting 11-keto-ursolic acid (17) and 3-acetyl-11-keto-ursolic acid (18) a structure–activity relationship was deduced for this group of pentacyclic triterpenes. The mechanism of action elucidated in the present work together with the previously determined pharmacological activities provides these natural products with an astonishing multi-targeted anti-diabetic profile.     

熊果酸在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

熊果酸(ursolic acid)是广泛存在于自然界植物中的一种五环三萜类化合物,具有广泛的生物学活性,主要经肝脏代谢。传统临床治疗中熊果酸多用于抗炎、抗病毒、调节免疫功能以及保肝治疗等。近年来的研究表明,在体外和体内实验中,熊果酸能够对不同肿瘤细胞产生杀伤作用,抑制恶性肿瘤组织的生长,具有广谱的抗肿瘤活性。此外,熊果酸联合放化疗能够提高肿瘤细胞对治疗的敏感性,产生辅助增强放化疗疗效的作用,并且在放疗中可保护受照射机体的正常组织,促进免疫机能的恢复。熊果酸的抗肿瘤作用机制与下调促肿瘤生长、侵袭和转移相关基因的水平,增强凋亡基因的表达有关,并且能够通过调节多种细胞信号转导通路,杀灭肿瘤细胞,延缓肿瘤组织生长。同时,熊果酸可影响肿瘤细胞周期的分布,导致细胞的G1/S期阻滞,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的有丝分裂,诱导细胞凋亡。因此,熊果酸是一种极具潜力的天然抗肿瘤药物。本文对熊果酸在肿瘤治疗中的研究结果进行整合,阐述了熊果酸的抗肿瘤分子机制及其疗效,为熊果酸今后在临床中的进一步应用提供指导思路。     

Triterpenoid sapogenols from the leaves of Careya arborea: Structure of careyagenolide

The acid hydrolysate of the ethanol extract of Careya arborea leaves afforded a new triterpenoid lactone designated careyagenolide along with maslinic acid and 2α-hydroxy ursolic acid. The structure of careyagenolide has been established as 2α, 3β-dihydroxytaraxastan- 28, 20β-olide by a variety of spectroscopic evidence, chemical transformations and correlation with ψ-taraxasterol.     

New antibacterial pentacyclic triterpenes from Myricaria elegans Royle. (tamariscineae)

Two new pentacyclic triterpenes eleganene-A (1) and eleganene-B (2), along with four known pentacyclic triterpenes betulin (3), ursolic acid (4), erythrodiol (5) and corosolic acid (6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Myricaria elegans. These compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity. The structure of compounds 1 and 2 were deduced on the basis of their spectral analysis.